book-8Unit-3-语法课件-Grammar.ppt

动词动词-ed形式作形式作定语定语动词动词-ed形式作形式作表语表语动词动词-ed形式作宾语形式作宾语补足语补足语 过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧很紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词分词形容词 (the Participle Adjective), 实际实际上相当于一个上相当于一个单纯的形容词单纯的形容词, 除表示除表示“完成完成”的动作之外的动作之外, 还表示还表示“被动被动”的意义。如：的意义。如： spoken English (英语口语英语口语)； iced beer (冰冻啤酒冰冻啤酒)；cooked food (熟食熟食); fried chips (炸土豆条炸土豆条);一、动词一、动词-ed形式作定语形式作定语 但要注意但要注意不及物动词不及物动词的过去分词常表示的过去分词常表示“完成完成”的动作的动作, 而不表示而不表示“被动被动”意义。意义。如如: boiled water(开水开水); fallen leaves(落落叶叶) the risen sun(升起的太阳升起的太阳)等。等。 1. The tall man is a returned student 高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。 2. My parents are both retired teachers 我的父母都是退休教师。我的父母都是退休教师。 (1)前置定语前置定语 单个的动词单个的动词-ed形式形式,一般放在被修饰一般放在被修饰的名词的前面的名词的前面, 作前置定语。作前置定语。 The excited people rushed into building. 激动的人们冲进大楼。激动的人们冲进大楼。 (=the people who were excited) Lost time can never be found again 虚度的时光虚度的时光, 无法挽回。无法挽回。 (=time which is lost) (2)后置定语后置定语 少数单个动词的少数单个动词的-ed形式形式, 如如left等等, 只能只能作后置定语。作后置定语。 1. Everything used should be marked 所有用过的东西应该做好标记。所有用过的东西应该做好标记。 2. Among the guests invited were some ladies 被邀请的人中被邀请的人中, 有些是女士。有些是女士。 3. The books left are for my students 剩下的书是给我的学生的。剩下的书是给我的学生的。 动词动词-ed形式短语作定语时，通常要放在形式短语作定语时，通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。定语从句。 1. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗今晚有什么活动吗? (=that has been planned for tonight) 2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success 这次会议有很多人出席这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功。开得很成功。 (=which was attended by a lot of people) 过去分词作表语并无过去分词作表语并无“完成完成”或或“被动被动”之之意，意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：。如：He looked worried after reading the letter看完信后看完信后, 他显得很忧虑。他显得很忧虑。When we heard of it, we were deeply moved当我们听到这件事时当我们听到这件事时, 被深深地感动了。被深深地感动了。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea 听到这个想法听到这个想法, 他似乎很高兴。他似乎很高兴。 二、动词二、动词-ed形式作形式作表语表语 常见的作表语的过去分词有常见的作表语的过去分词有:amused(愉快的愉快的)； broken(碎了的碎了的)；closed(关闭的关闭的)； astonished(吃惊的吃惊的)；crowded(拥挤的拥挤的)； experienced(有经验的有经验的); delighted(高兴的高兴的)； lost(丢失的丢失的)；gone(遗失的遗失的)； disappointed(失望的失望的)；worried(担忧的担忧的)； interested(感兴趣的感兴趣的) tired(疲劳的疲劳的) pleased(高兴的高兴的)；satisfied(满意的满意的)； surprised(吃惊的吃惊的); married(已婚的已婚的)； known(著名的著名的) 等等等等 作表语的作表语的-ed形式可被形式可被much, very, quite等所等所修饰。修饰。 I was very pleased at the news 听了这消息我很高兴。听了这消息我很高兴。 He grew much tired of the work 他十分厌倦这工作。他十分厌倦这工作。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 听了这想法他似乎很高兴。听了这想法他似乎很高兴。 能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是是及物动词及物动词, ,表示被动意义或已完成意义表示被动意义或已完成意义, ,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系动宾关系, ,即宾即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。语是过去分词动作的对象。 She found the door broken in whenshe came back 她回来时发现有人破门而人。她回来时发现有人破门而人。 My grandfather had his old house rebuilt 我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。 动词动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法形式作宾语补足语的基本用法 动词的动词的-ed形式可以在形式可以在“主语主语+谓语谓语+宾宾语语+宾语补足语宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中在这一结构中, 动词动词-ed形式和它前面的宾形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为改为被动语态被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了原来的宾语补足语变成了主主语补足语。语补足语。 1. I must get my bike repaired 我必须请人修理自行车。我必须请人修理自行车。 (宾语补足语宾语补足语) 2. The girl was found beaten black and blue 人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。 (主语补足语主语补足语) (1)(1)动词动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语动词的宾语补足语, ,这类动词包括这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等等。We thought the game lost我们认为球赛输了。我们认为球赛输了。 I have never heard him spoken ill of others. 我从未听过有人说他的坏话。我从未听过有人说他的坏话。 She felt a great weight taken off her mind 她觉得心里轻松了些。她觉得心里轻松了些。 They considered the matter settled 他们认为这问题解决了。他们认为这问题解决了。 (2) 动词动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补形式可作使役动词的宾语补 足语足语, 这类动词包括这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。等。 I have my hair cut once a month 我每个月理一次发。我每个月理一次发。 He was trying to make himself understood 他正努力使别人听懂自己。他正努力使别人听懂自己。 She held her hands pressed against her face. 她用双手按着脸。她用双手按着脸。 She had her house repaired 她请人把屋子修好了。她请人把屋子修好了。 Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪儿理的发你在哪儿理的发? “have+宾语宾语+done”结构有三个含义：结构有三个含义： 主语经历或遭遇某种意外情况。主语经历或遭遇某种意外情况。 He had his hat blown away on his way home 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。 She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的钱包被偷了。昨天她的钱包被偷了。 完成某事完成某事 (自己也可能参与自己也可能参与)。 I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected 我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。 He has had one thousand yuan saved this year 他今年已存了他今年已存了1000元。元。 (3) 动词动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命形式可作表示希望、要求、命 令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括 like,want, wish, expect, order等等”这一类这一类 动词的后面作宾语补足语。动词的后面作宾语补足语。 He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting 他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。 The students wish the TV serial plays continued 学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。(4) 过去分词用在过去分词用在“with+宾语宾语+宾补宾补”这一这一结构中结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 The thief was brought in with his hands tied. 小偷双手被捆着带了进来。小偷双手被捆着带了进来。 The boy rushed into the room, with his face covered with sweat. 那小孩满脸是汗冲进屋来。那小孩满脸是汗冲进屋来。 1. From the dates _ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been markedExercises.单项选择：单项选择： 2. It was so large a room that a hundred people looked _ in it. A. losing B. lost C. to lose D. having lost 3. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry 4. With _ leaves _ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer. A. falling; burying B. fallen; buried C. fallen; burying D. falling; buried 5. She was glad to see her child well _ care of. A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking6. Friendship is like money easier made than _. A. kept B. to be kept C. to keeping D. being kept 7. Dont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 8. John rushed out in a hurry, _ the door _. A. leaving; unlocked B. leaving; unlocking C. left; unlocking D. to leave; unlocking 9. The girl _ forward to buying a new gold watch. A. referred to look B. referred to looking C. referred to looks D. referring to looks 10. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 11. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 12. _ time, hell make a first class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 13. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. To lose C. Lost D. Having lost 14. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding.选择恰当的非谓语动词填空：选择恰当的非谓语动词填空： 1. John Snow told the story about the _ (astonish) people in Broad Street. 2. Some of the people _ (invite) to the party couldnt come. 3. There is a car _ (park) outside the house. astonishedinvitedparked 4. The experience _ (gain) will be of great value to us.5. These seats are _ (reserve) for you.6. The library is _ (close) on weekends.7. Dont drink the _ (pollute) water.8. The _ (worry) mother looked at her_ (worry) son, looking _(worry). gainedreservedclosedpollutedworriedworryingworried. 单句改错：单句改错： 1. The foreigner tried his best to make his point be understood. 2. They found a piece of rope with one end tying in a circle. 3. Mark got his hands to be burnt in the accident. 4. They both spent the night locking in the room. tying tiedlocking locked去掉去掉 be去掉去掉 to be 5. How would you like the rent to pay, in cash or by cheque? 6. What kept you so exciting? 7. You should speak loudly enough to make yourself hear. 8. I noticed the traffic holding up after a bad accident.to pay paidexciting excitedhear heardholding held 9. He wanted the door to paint yellow. 10. I know little about the girl calling Lily. to paintpaidcallingcalled