最新复旦研究生综合英语(1)修订版unit5solvethatproblemwithhumor精品课件.ppt

进入夏天，少不了一个热字当头，电扇空调陆续登场，每逢此时，总会进入夏天，少不了一个热字当头，电扇空调陆续登场，每逢此时，总会想起那一把蒲扇。蒲扇，是记忆中的农村，夏季经常用的一件物品。记想起那一把蒲扇。蒲扇，是记忆中的农村，夏季经常用的一件物品。记忆中的故乡，每逢进入夏天，集市上最常见的便是蒲扇、凉席，不论男女老忆中的故乡，每逢进入夏天，集市上最常见的便是蒲扇、凉席，不论男女老少，个个手持一把，忽闪忽闪个不停，嘴里叨叨着少，个个手持一把，忽闪忽闪个不停，嘴里叨叨着“怎么这么热怎么这么热”，于是三，于是三五成群，聚在大树下，或站着，或随即坐在石头上，手持那把扇子，边唠嗑五成群，聚在大树下，或站着，或随即坐在石头上，手持那把扇子，边唠嗑边乘凉。孩子们却在周围跑跑跳跳，热得满头大汗，不时听到边乘凉。孩子们却在周围跑跑跳跳，热得满头大汗，不时听到“强子，别跑强子，别跑了，快来我给你扇扇了，快来我给你扇扇”。孩子们才不听这一套，跑个没完，直到累气喘吁吁，。孩子们才不听这一套，跑个没完，直到累气喘吁吁，这才一跑一踮地围过了，这时母亲总是，好似生气的样子，边扇边训，这才一跑一踮地围过了，这时母亲总是，好似生气的样子，边扇边训，“你你看热的，跑什么？看热的，跑什么？”此时这把蒲扇，是那么凉快，那么的温馨幸福，有母亲此时这把蒲扇，是那么凉快，那么的温馨幸福，有母亲的味道！蒲扇是中国传统工艺品，在我国已有三千年多年的历史。取材的味道！蒲扇是中国传统工艺品，在我国已有三千年多年的历史。取材于棕榈树，制作简单，方便携带，且蒲扇的表面光滑，因而，古人常会在上于棕榈树，制作简单，方便携带，且蒲扇的表面光滑，因而，古人常会在上面作画。古有棕扇、葵扇、蒲扇、蕉扇诸名，实即今日的蒲扇，江浙称之为面作画。古有棕扇、葵扇、蒲扇、蕉扇诸名，实即今日的蒲扇，江浙称之为芭蕉扇。六七十年代，人们最常用的就是这种，似圆非圆，轻巧又便宜的蒲芭蕉扇。六七十年代，人们最常用的就是这种，似圆非圆，轻巧又便宜的蒲扇。蒲扇流传至今，我的记忆中，它跨越了半个世纪，也走过了我们的扇。蒲扇流传至今，我的记忆中，它跨越了半个世纪，也走过了我们的半个人生的轨迹，携带着特有的念想，一年年，一天天，流向长长的时间隧半个人生的轨迹，携带着特有的念想，一年年，一天天，流向长长的时间隧道，袅道，袅Unit 5 Solve That Problem with HumorWarm-up Activities1. How important is a sense of humour to social life? Cite examples to illustrate your idea.2. Some people think a sense of humour is innate, a quality that one is born with, while others believe it can be cultivated later in life. Which one do you believe in? How can we cultivate a sense of humour, if possible?3. Tell a humorous story that you know to amuse the class. Unit 5 Solve That Problem with HumorUnit 5 Solve That Problem with HumorUnit 5 Solve That Problem with HumorUnit 5 Solve That Problem with HumorUnit 5 Solve That Problem with HumorUnit 5 Solve That Problem with HumorUnit 5 Solve That Problem with Humor5. George C. Marshall Marshall, George Catlett (1880-1959), an American soldier and statesman, served as chief of staff of the United States Army during World War II (1939-1945). Winston Churchill acclaimed him as “organizer of victory” for his leadership of the Allied victory in World War II. He also served as secretary of state from 1947 to 1949 and as secretary of defense in 1950 and 1951. Marshall was the first professional soldier to become secretary of state. In 1947, while serving in that post, he proposed the European Recovery Program, also called the Marshall Plan. Under this plan, the United States spent billions of dollars to rebuild war-torn Western Europe. The Marshall Plan is creditedUnit 5 Solve That Problem with Humorwith helping check the spread of Communism in Europe. Marshalls role in European reconstruction earned him the 1953 Nobel Peace Prize.Unit 5 Solve That Problem with Humor6. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945),often referred to by his initials FDR, was the thirty-second President of the United States. Elected to four terms in office, he served from 1933 to 1945 and is the only U. S. president to have served more than two terms. Roosevelt led the United States through its worst depression and through its worst war. Roosevelt took office as President at the depth of the Great Depression. In his inaugural address, he called for faith in Americas future. “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself,” he declared boldly. He created the New Deal to provide relief for the unemployed, recovery of the economy, and reform of the economic and banking systems. One of his most important legacies is the Social Security system. Unit 5 Solve That Problem with Humor Before Americas entry into World War II in December, 1941, Roosevelt made the United States the principal arms supplier and financier of the Allies. As the Allies neared victory, Roosevelt played a critical role in shaping the post-war world, particularly through the Yalta Conference and the creation of the United Nations. Later, the Allies defeated Germany, Italy and Japan. People in all parts of the world admired Roosevelt for his personal courage. Although he was crippled by polio at the age of 39, he never gave up his career of public service. Unit 5 Solve That Problem with Humor7. World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2,was a worldwide military conflict； the amalgamation of two separate conflicts, one beginning in Asia, 1937, as the Second Sino-Japanese War and the other beginning in Europe, 1939, with Germanys invasion of Poland. This global conflict split a majority of the worlds nations into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. Regarded as the historical successor to World War I, World War II resulted in the deaths of over 70 million people, making it the deadliest conflict in human history. The conflict ended in an Allied victory. It brought about the downfall of WesternUnit 5 Solve That Problem with HumorEurope as the center of world power and led to the rise of the worlds two leading superpowers the United States and Soviet Union, setting the stage for the Cold War for the next 45 years. The development of the atomic bomb during the war opened the nuclear age.Unit 5 Solve That Problem with Humor8. German concentration camp The German concentration camp is a place where people are imprisoned, and in some cases killed, without legal proceedings. Many countries have imprisoned people in concentration camps because of their political views, religious convictions, ethnic background, or social attitudes. The best-known camps were those operated by the Nazis during the Holocaust, a campaign of systematic murder waged against Jews and others during World War II (1939-1945). The Nazis imprisoned and killed millions of people in such camps, first in Germany and later in German-occupied Europe. Unit 5 Solve That Problem with HumorSolve That Problem with HumorNotesIntroduction to the Author and the ArticlePhrases and ExpressionsExercisesMain idea of the TextUnit 5 Solve That Problem with HumorMain idea of the Text In the text, William D. Ellis illustrates the soothing and bolstering power of humor through several examples. He claims humor is an effective tool that can free people from embarrassment, heated arguments, hostile confrontation and even disasters. It is suggested by the author that humor be applied in our daily life. Unit 5 Solve That Problem with HumorIntroduction to the Author and the Article William D. Ellis is an American novelist. Seemingly part archaeologist, part anthropologist, part genealogist, and part psychologist, Ellis mined the centuries to unearth the raw material he would mold into his fiction and nonfiction books. With no instrument more elaborate than a typewriter, he managed to create popular regional histories and award- winning volumes of historical fiction that brought Ohios past to life in a manner that was not just informative and entertaining, but as vivid as an epic film. Ellis received a Pulitzer Prize nomination for his best-selling trilogy of novels: Bounty Lands (1958), Jonathan Blair: Bounty Lands Lawyer (1966), and The Brooks Legend. They reflectedUnit 5 Solve That Problem with Humorthe reality of life on the frontier at a time when Ohio was considered “the West” and the hardships of daily existence far outweighed the pleasures. Ellis portrays the vicissitudes of pioneer existence with unsparing attention to detail, reminding complacent mid 20th century Ohioans of the strength and courage of their forebears. His The Cuyahoga (1966) is still considered the definitive account of the river and its historical importance to Cleveland and northeastern Ohio. In this essay, Ellis illustrates the soothing and bolstering power of humor through several examples. He claims humor is an effective tool that can free people from embarrassment, heated arguments, hostile confrontation and even disasters. It is suggested by the author that humor be applied in our daily life.Unit 5 Solve That Problem with Humor A lot of us lose lifes tougher confrontations by mounting a frontal attack when a touch of humor might well enable us to chalk up a win. Consider the case of a young friend of mine, who hit a traffic jam en route to work shortly after receiving an ultimatum about being late on the job. Although there was a good reason for Sams chronic tardiness serious illness at home he decided that this by-now-familiar excuse wouldnt work any longer. His supervisor was probably already pacing up and down with a dismissal speech rehearsed.William D. EllisSolve That Problem with HumorTextUnit 5 Solve That Problem with Humor He was. Sam entered the office at 9:35. The place was as quiet as a locker room; everyone was hard at work. Sams supervisor approached him. Suddenly, Sam forced a grin and shoved out his hand. “How do you do!” he said. “Im Sam Maynard. Im applying for a job which I understand became available just minutes ago. Does the early bird get the worm?” The room exploded in laughter. The supervisor clamped off a smile and walked back to his office. Sam Maynard had saved his job with the only tool that could win, a laugh. Humor is a most effective, yet frequently neglected, means of handling the difficult situations in our lives. It can be used for patching up differences, apologizing, saying “no,” criticizing, or getting the other fellow to do what you want without his losingUnit 5 Solve That Problem with Humorface. For some jobs, its the only tool that can succeed. It is a way to discuss subjects so sensitive that serious dialog may start a riot. For example, many believe that comedians on television are doing more today for racial and religious tolerance than are people in any other forum. Humor is often the best way to keep a small misunderstanding from escalating into a big deal. Recently a neighbor of mine had a squabble with his wife as she drove him to the airport. Airborne, he felt miserable, and he knew she did, too. Two hours after she returned home, she received a long-distance phone call. “Person-to-person for Mrs. I. A. Pologize,” intoned the operator. “Thats spelled P as in.” In a twinkling, the whole day changed from grim to lovely at both ends of the wire.Unit 5 Solve That Problem with Humor An English hostess with a 40quick wit was giving a formal dinner for eight distinguished guests whom she hoped to enlist in a major charity drive. Austerity was de rigueur in England at the time, and she had drafted her children to serve the meal. She knew that anything could happen and it did, just as her son, with the studied concentration of a tightrope walker, brought in a large roast turkey. He successfully elbowed the swinging dining-room door, but the backswing knocked the bird onto the dining-room floor. The boy stood rooted. Guests stared at their plates. Moving only her head, the hostess smiled at her son. “No harm, Daniel,” she said. “Just pick it up and take it back to the kitchen” she enunciated clearly so he would think about what she was saying “and bring in the other one.”Unit 5 Solve That Problem with Humor A wink and a one-liner instantly changed the dinner from a red-faced embarrassment to a conspiracy of fun. The power of humor to dissolve a hostile confrontation often lies in its unspoken promise: “You let me off the hook, my friend, and Ill let you off.” The trick is to assign friendly motives to your opponent, to smile just a little but not too much. Canadas Governor-General Roland Michener, master of the technique, was about to inspect a public school when he was faced with a truculent picket line of striking maintenance personnel. If he backed away from the line, he would seriously diminish his offices image; if he crossed it, he might put the government smack into a hot labor issue.Unit 5 Solve That Problem with Humor While he pondered the matter, more strikers gathered across his path. Suddenly, the graying mustache on Micheners face stretched a little in Cheshirean complicity. “How very nice of you all to turn out to see me!” he boomed. “Thank you. Shall we go in?” The line parted and, by the time the pickets began to chuckle, the governor-general was striding briskly up the school steps. Next time you find yourself in an ethnically awkward situation, take a lesson from the diplomatic delegates to Europes Common Market. In the course of history nearly every member nation has been invaded or betrayed by at least one of the others, and the Markets harmony must be constantlyUnit 5 Solve That Problem with Humorbuttressed. One method is the laugh based on national caricatures. Recently, a new arrival at Market headquarters in Brussels introduced himself as a Minister for the Swiss Navy. Everybody laughed. The Swiss delegate retorted, “Well, why not? Italy has a Minister of Finance.” Of course, humor is often more than a laughing matter. In its more potent guises, it has a Trojan horse nature: no one goes on guard against a gag; we let it in because it looks like a little wooden toy. Once inside, however, it can turn a city to reform, to rebellion, to resistance. Some believe, for instance, that, next to the heroic British RAF, British humor did the most to fend off a German takeover in World War . One sample will suffice: that famous story of the woman who was finally Unit 5 Solve That Problem with Humorextracted from the rubble of her house during the London blitz. Asked, “Where is your husband?” she brushed brick dust off her head and arms and answered, “Fighting in Libya, the bloody coward!” When life has us in a tight corner, one of the first questions we might ask is, “Can I solve this with a laugh?” Men with giant responsibilities have frequently used this approach to giant problems often with sweeping effect. As Gen. George C. Marshall, U.S. Army Chief of Staff, labored to prepare this then-unready nation to enter World War , he met stiff opposition from his Commander-in-Chief regarding the elements that called for the most bolstering. Marshall felt that what we needed most were highly developed ground forces. Unit 5 Solve That Problem with HumorPresident Roosevelt was a navy man who believed that our principal need was for a powerful navy, plus a large air force. In increasingly tense debates with the President, Marshall pushed his argument so hard that he began to foster ever stronger resistance. Finally, during a particularly hot session, the usually stone-faced Marshall forced a grin. “At least, Mr. President,” he said, “You might stop referring to the Navy as us and the Army as them.” Roosevelt studied Marshall over his glasses, then burst into laughter. Shortly thereafter he made a more objective study of Marshalls recommendations and eventually bought the ground-force concept.Unit 5 Solve That Problem with Humor Occasionally, humor goes beyond saving arguments, saving face or saving jobs; it can save life itself. Victor E. Frankl was a psychiatrist imprisoned in a German concentration camp during World War . As the shrinking number of surviving prisoners descended to new depths of hell, Frankl and his closest prisoner friend sought desperately for ways to keep from dying. Piled on top of malnutrition, exhaustion and disease, suicidal despair was the big killer in these citadels