高中英语必修5(北师大版)Unit_13_People_知识点总结.docx

- 中国首家承诺学习效果的在线教育公司高中英语必修5（北师大版）Unit 13 People 知识点总结一、重点词汇  gifted  · 原文再现  You are a gifted student who always gets As in exams, but you have just found out you got a C in a   recent test.  你是一个有天赋的学生，总是在考试中得A， 但是在近期的一次考试中发现得了C。· 基本用法  gifted  adj. 有天赋的，有天资的； 有才华的  Martin Gatt is a gifted pianist.  马丁盖特是个有才华的钢琴家。· 知识拓展  相关单词  gift  n.  礼物；天赋；赠品  have a gift /talent for.有.的天赋  He has a gift for foreign languages.  他有外语天才。  Mother has a gift for making guests feel at home.  母亲有使客人觉得无拘无束的才能。  This child has a gift for painting.  这个小孩子有绘画方面的天赋。  相关短语  be gifted in 在.方面有天赋  be gifted with  天生.  He was gifted with a good voice.  他天生一个好嗓子。  He was gifted in music.  他在音乐上有天才。  draw up  · 原文再现  Draw up an agenda and discuss it with the group.  起草一个议事议程并与小组一起讨论。· 基本用法  draw up  起草，草拟；制定；停下来  A taxi drew up in front of the house.  一辆出租汽车在房子前面停了下来。  He drew up a brief for his speech.  他起草了一份讲话的摘要。  The police drew up a blacklist of wanted terrorists.  警方拟就一份通缉恐怖分子的黑名单。  predict  · 原文再现  Supported by his academic research, Professor Salovey suggests that when predicting someone's future   success, their character, as measured by EQ tests, might actually matter more than their IQ.  萨洛维教授在他学术研究的基础上提出， 在预测一个人未来的成功时， 他们的性格-通过情商测验来  衡量-也许比其智商更为重要。· 基本用法  predict  vt. 预言，预测  You can never predict what would happen next.  谁也无法预料接着会发生什么事。  It is difficult to predict his reaction because he is so moody.  他如此喜怒无常，所以很难预知其反应如何。· 知识拓展  相关句型/结构  predict that.  预测.  be predicted to do sth.  被预测做某事  It is ridiculous to predict that the sun will not rise tomorrow.  预言明天太阳将不升起是荒唐可笑的。  Car usage is predicted to increase.  汽车的使用率预计会增长。    词义辨析：forecast/foretell/predict/foresee  这些动词均含“预言，预示，预告”之意。  forecast指对未来事件的预报、推测或设想，侧重最终可能出现的结果。  foretell一般的通俗用语，往往指根据客观因素做出的预告，强调预先要发生的事。  predict较正常的正式用词，通常用于人。指根据事实或自然规律进行推断后作出预告，隐含有科学的准确性。  foresee指提前、预先料到将要发生的事或指对未发生的事情形成一种概念或判断。  academic   · 原文再现  Supported by his academic research, Professor Salovey suggests that when predicting someone's future   success, their character, as measured by EQ tests, might actually matter more than their IQ.  萨洛维教授在他学术研究的基础上提出， 在预测一个人未来的成功时， 他们的性格-通过情商测验来  衡量-也许比其智商更为重要。· 基本用法  academic adj. 学术的；理论的；学院的  The new academic year is coming.  新学年就要来了。  Her academic achievements shamed her brothers.  她的学术成就使她的兄弟们相形见绌。  She pushed her son to pursue an academic career.  她督促儿子从事学术。  He has no interest in academic questions.  他对纯理论问题毫无兴趣。· 知识拓展-相关短语  academic thesis 学术论文  academic freedom 学术自由  deserve  · 原文再现  For example, have you ever wondered why some of the smartest students in your class, who you think   deserve good grades, sometimes end up failing exams?  例如，你是否有过这样的困惑：为什么班里有些你认为应该得到好分数的最聪明的学生有时却考试不及格？· 基本用法  deserve  vt. 应得，值得；应受  He did not deserve such fortune.   他不配得到这种好运气。  I'm sure I don't deserve so much praise.  我肯定自己不值得这么多赞扬。· 知识拓展-相关短语  deserve sth.    应受，应得.  deserve to do sth. 值得做.  deserve doing sth.（主动表被动）=deserve to be done  值得被做.  You've been working all morning-you deserve a rest.  你已经干了一个上午了，该休息一下了。  Steven deserved to be punished for his behavior.=Steven deserved punishing for his behavior.   史蒂文的表现应该受到惩罚。  He certainly deserved to be sent to prison.  他的确应该被送去坐监牢。  They deserved to be well treated.  对他们应好好相待。  failure  · 原文再现  Perhaps their failure is because of their low EQ.  他们的失败也许是因为他们的情商低。· 基本用法  failure  n. 失败; 失败者；破产；故障  He felt miserable about his failure.  他对自己的失败感到悲哀。  It was evident that the policy was a failure.  显然这项政策是失败的。  The new restaurant was a failure and soon closed.  那家新饭店经营无方，不久便关了门。 · 知识拓展  相关单词  fail   v 失败；不及格；破产；缺乏；衰退；使失望  He failed many times, but he did not lose heart.  他失败了许多次，但他并没有失去信心。  The brake failed and the car ran into a lamp-post.  刹车失灵了，汽车撞在灯柱上了。  Is your eyesight failing recently?  你近来视力有所变差吗？    相关用法  failure 通常作不可数名词，但在具体表示“失败的人或事、失败的次数”时，为可数名词。类似的词还  success, comfort, relief 等。 如：  Their marriage was a failure and they both wanted to be free of it.  他们的婚姻是个失败，他们两个都想得到解脱。  mistaken  · 原文再现  People are often mistaken in thinking that those with high IQs always have high EQs as well.  人们经常错误的认为高智商的人总是拥有高情商。· 基本用法  mistaken  adj. 错误的; 弄错的；被误解的   v 弄错（mistake的过去分词）  You must have mistaken her for her sister.  你一定是把她误认为是她的姊妹了。  I must have mistaken your meaning/what you meant.  我一定误会了你的意思。  Kindness is easily mistaken for love.  善意很容易被误解为爱情。· 知识拓展-相关单词  mistake  n. 错误；误会；过失  Tom must have taken your dictionary by mistake.  汤姆一定是弄错了才拿了你的字典。  He is blind to his own mistakes.  他看不见自己的错误。  We all made mistakes with carelessness.  我们都因粗心犯了错误。  association  · 原文再现  This association can exist, but it is just as possible for someone with a low IQ to have a high EQ or   someone with  a high IQ to have a low EQ.  这种联系可能存在，但是一个低智商的人有高情商或者一个高智商的人有低情商也是有可能的。· 基本用法  association  n. 联想；协会；联盟；社团  I benefited a lot from my association with him.  我与他交往获益良多。  Have you joined the teachers' association?  你加入教师协会了吗?  Mr Jack is on the books of the Football Association.  杰克逊先生是足球协会的会员。· 知识拓展  其他词性  associate  v. 联想，联系；交往，结交；联合  associated  adj. 有关联的，相关的  相关短语  be associated with.  I associated with him in business.  我过去和他合伙经商。  She associated happiness with having money.  她把幸福和有钱联想到一起。  possibility  · 原文再现  Some are trying to study the possibility of improving a person's EQ, especially in terms of "people skills",   such as understanding and communication.  一些人正试图研究提高情商的可能性，特别是“人际技能”方面，例如：理解和沟通。· 基本用法  possibility  n. 可能性；可能发生的事物  There is a good possibility of rain tonight.  今晚很可能要下雨。  Life on other planets is a possibility.  其他行星上有生命是可能的。· 知识拓展-相关句型/结构  There is a possibility that.有可能.  There is no possibility that. 没有可能.  There is no possibility of doing sth.（做）某事没有可能  There is no possibility of his coming.  他不可能来。  thus  · 原文再现  On the other hand, there is little doubt that people with low EQs often have problems getting on   with other people and dealing with difficult situations; Thus they have a harder time surviving in life.  另一方面， 毫无疑问的是低情商的人在于别人相处和处理困难形式时经常有问题， 因此会生活得比较艰难。· 基本用法  thus  adv. 如此；因此；从而；这样  （thus 用作副词时位置较为灵活。在句中对动词的时态和语态没有  任何影响，其用法及意义与therefore差不多）  It has been thus and will continue to be so.  事情一直是这样，并将继续这样下去。  He didn't work hard. Thus he was fired.  他工作不努力，因此被解雇。  He described the whole accident thus and thus.  他如此这般地描绘了整个事故的发生经过。  It was already rather late, thus we decided to urge the customer.  已经相当晚了，所以我们决定催促客户。  accuse  · 原文再现  The man was accused of stealing money. He was brought to court.  这个人被指控偷钱。他被送到了法庭。· 基本用法  accuse  v. 控告；谴责；指控；归咎于  Make sure of your facts before you accuse him.  在指责他以前要把材料核实一下。  How dare you accuse me of lying!  你怎敢谴责我说谎!· 知识拓展-相关句型/结构  accuse sb of sth. 指控某人某事  Tom accused her of cheating in the exam.  be accused as. 作为.而被控告  Shylock does not accuse me of anything.  夏洛克并没有指控我任何东西。  He was accused of stealing money.  他被指控偷钱。   entirely  · 原文再现  And the fact that it might be possible to raise EQs means that school need to make sure that their   students  are receiving the education they really need, and know that their futures are not entirely   determined by their IQs.  情商是可以提高的这一事实意味着学校需要保证学生接受他们真正需要的教育，并且知道他们的未来  并不全是由智商决定的。· 基本用法  entirely  adv. 完全地；彻底地  You mistook my meaning entirely.  你完全误解了我的意思。  His opinion differs entirely from mine.  他的意见和我的完全不同。· 知识拓展-相关单词  entire  adj. 整个的，完全的  entirety  n. 全部，整体  It took us an entire week to finish painting the home.  它花去了我们整整一星期的时间才把房子粉刷好。  The entire village was destroyed.  整个村子被毁。  independent  · 原文再现  Jackie is an independent dolphin trainer.  杰克是一个有主见的海豚训练师。· 基本用法  independent  adj. 独立的；单独的；无党派的；不受约束的  She's very independent and lives all alone.  她自食其力，独自生活。  One third of votes went to the independent candidate.  三分之一的选票被这位无党派候选人得了。  You should learn to be independent of your parents.  你应该学习不要依赖父母。· 知识拓展  相关短语  be independent from/of. 脱离于., 不受.的影响  gain independence from.从.获得独立  depend on 依赖.依靠.  it/that depends  视情况而定  相关单词  independence  n. 独立  depend   v. 依赖，依靠  sharp  · 原文再现  A person with a sharp mind is able to think and understand things very quickly.  头脑敏锐的人能够非常迅速地思考并理解事物。· 基本用法  sharp  adj. 敏锐的，锋利的，尖的；急剧的；刺耳的  It was very sharp of you to have noticed that.  你注意到了这一点是够机灵的。  I cut my finger on a sharp stone.  我的手指被一块锋利的石头划破了。  That woman has a very sharp tongue.  那个女人说话非常尖刻。  A sharp knife makes a clean cut.  快刀切得整齐。· 知识拓展  相关单词  sharply   adv. 剧烈地；锐利地  The snowstorm caused traffic to fall away sharply.  暴风雪使车辆行人大大减少。  相关短语  a sharp eye   目光敏锐  sharp bends  急转弯  a sharp knife/pencil 锋利的刀子/尖铅笔  a sharp drop in prices 价格的骤降  characteristic  · 原文再现  What characteristics do the students think that tour guides should have?  学生认为导游应该具备什么样的特点？· 基本用法  characteristic  n. 特点；特性；特色；特质  He spoke with characteristic enthusiasm.  他以特有的热情说话。  Her characteristic is honesty.  她的特点是诚实。  She has Asiatic characteristics.  她具有亚洲人的特点。  What characteristics distinguish the Americans from the Canadians?  美国人和加拿大人的特点有什么不同?· 知识拓展-词义辨析：character/characteristic/quality/feature   这些名词均有“特性、特点、品质”之意。  feature: 指事物突出引人注目的特点。多用来说明人的容貌特征或地理特征。  characteristic: 指某人或某物天生有别于他人或他物的内部特质或外表特征。  character: 多指一类人或事物所具有的独特的典型的特征。  quality: 最普通用词，既可指有形或无形的特性，又可指个性或共性的特征。  desire  · 基本用法  desire  n.& v. 渴望，欲望; 要求，心愿；希望得到  They had little desire for wealth/to get rich.  他们对财富/致富无大欲望。  I have long desired to meet them.  我一直渴望见到他们。  She desired to marry a rich man.  她很想嫁个富翁。· 知识拓展-相关句型/结构  desire sth.   渴望.  desire to do sth.  渴望做.  desire sb to do sth.   希望某人做某事  desire that.( should ) do.  希望.  have a desire to do sth.  渴望做.  have a desire for sth.  对.渴望  He has a genuine desire to help us.  他真心诚意地愿意帮助我们。  It is obvious that they have no desire for peace.  很显然，他们没有和平的愿望。  Mr. Wang desired that we should wait a moment.  王老师请求我们稍等片刻。  satisfaction  · 基本用法  satisfaction  n. 满意；满足；乐事  I think these shoes will give satisfaction.  我想这些鞋子一定会符合顾客的要求。  He smiled in satisfaction when he won the race.  他赢得赛跑后满意地笑了。  The success brought him great satisfaction.  成功给他带来极大的快慰。      · 知识拓展  相关单词  satisfy  v. 使满意  satisfied  adj. 满足的，满意的  satisfying  adj. 令人满意的  It is by no means easy to satisfy everyone.  要满足每一个人绝非易事。  I am not at all satisfied with this book.  我对这本书一点也不满意。  The story had a satisfying ending.  那个故事结局很圆满。  相关短语  show satisfaction with 对.感到满意满足  to one's satisfaction 令某人满意的是  in/with satisfaction 满意地  be satisfied with   对.感到满意  satisfy/meet sb.'s need 满足某人的需求  requirement  · 基本用法  requirement  n. 要求；必要条件；必需品  Please let us know in case of further requirement.  如有进一步的需求，请通知我们。  The requirement was news to him.  这种要求对他是新闻。  Your work does not come up to the requirements.  你的工作不符合要求。  We must train students to meet these requirements.  我们必须按照这些要求来培养学生。· 知识拓展  相关单词  require  v. 要求；需要；命令  The job does not require any formal training.  做这种工作不需要任何正规训练。  相关句型/结构  require sb. to do sth.  be required to do sth.  require that.(should ) do  They require that I should go at once.  他们要求我立刻去。  All passengers are required to show their tickets.  所有乘客都必须出示车票。  aboard  · 基本用法  aboard  prep. 在（上）船（飞机、火车、公共汽车）上  We traveled aboard the same flight.  我们搭乘同一班机。  They were the last two to go aboard the ship.  他们是最後两位上船的。  All passengers aboard fell into the river.  船上所有乘客皆落入河中。  The children were so excited to be taken aboard for the first time.  那些小孩第一次被带上飞机，简直兴奋极了。· 知识拓展-词义辨析： abroad/aboard/board/broad  这几个词词形相近，但意思差别很大，现总结归纳如下：  1. abroad  adv. & adj. & n. 在国外，出国，往国外的，海外  go abroad出国、at home and abroad（在）国内外、from abroad从国外  2. broad   adj. 宽的，辽阔的；adv. 宽阔地；n. 宽阔部分  broad market 广阔的市场，broad band宽带  3. aboard  adv. 上（飞机、船、火车等）；prep. 在（飞机、船、火车等）上  We went aboard. 我们上了船（飞机、车）  He was already aboard the plane. （prep.）  4. board   n. 董事会，甲板；vt. 上（飞机、船、火车等）；vi. 寄宿  board the ship（bus, plane, train）  assistant  · 基本用法  assistant  n. 助手，助理；助教  My assistant will stand in for me while I'm away.  我不在的时候我的助手将代表我处理事务。  She is assistant to the professor.  她是这位教授的助手。· 知识拓展  相关单词  1. assist  v. 帮助；协助  Jack used to assist Mary in her lessons.  杰克过去常常帮助玛丽学习功课。  He asked us to assist him in carrying through his plan.  他请求我们帮他完成他的计划。  2. assistance  n. 帮助；援助  词义辨析 aid/assist/help   这些动词均有“帮助”之意。  1. aid正式用词，指帮助他人脱离危险或战胜困难，着重强者对急需帮助的弱者的帮助。  2. assist强调在提供帮助时，以受助者为主，所给的帮助起第二位或从属的作用。  3. help最普通用词，含义广泛。指一般性的或迫切需要的帮助，侧重积极地为他人提供物质、精神或其他  方面的帮助。  upset  · 原文再现  Their friends are really upset and have been waiting anxiously for more news.  他们的朋友们真的很难过，都在焦急地等待着更多的消息。· 基本用法  upset  adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的; v. 使心烦；扰乱；翻到  His sudden death upset everybody.  他的突然去世使大家深感悲伤。  The storm upset their plans for a hike.  暴风雨破坏了他们的远足计划。  I'm always upset when I don't get any mail.  我接不到任何邮件时总是心烦意乱。  The fire caused an upset in the building.  失火使大楼里一片混乱。      · 知识拓展-相关短语  be upset about sth.  be upset that.  It upsets sb. to do sth.  It upsets sb. that.  be upset with sb.  shelter  · 原文再现  They might be sheltering in a cave.  他们也许正躲藏在山洞里。· 基本用法  shelter  vi. 躲避  vt. 保护.（免受.）；庇护.    n. 避难所；遮蔽物  In the storm I took shelter under the tree.  暴风雨时，我正在树下躲避。  All sorts of people found shelter under his roof.  各式各样的人在他的家找到栖息之所。  Provide food and shelter for a family.  为家庭提供食物和住宿  The umbrella is a poor shelter from heavy rain.  雨伞不太遮挡得住大雨。· 知识拓展-相关短语  shelter.from. 保护.免受.  They persuaded me in to shelter from the rain.  他们说服我进去躲了一会儿雨。  relief  · 原文再现  It'll be a real relief when they're found.  如果他们被发现，这将是一件令人宽慰的事情。· 基本用法  relief  n. 宽慰；减轻；救济；解除  These pills bring relief from pain.  这些药丸可以止痛。  That she is still alive is a relief.  她还活着，这是令人感到宽慰的。  The news brought a feeling of relief.  这消息给人们带来了宽慰感。  She volunteered (her services) for relief work.  她自愿参加救济工作。· 知识拓展  相关短语  in relief   放松，宽慰  to one's relief  使某人感到欣慰的是  with relief 放心地，欣慰地  Much to my relief, he is safe now.  他现在没事了，我大大松了一口气。  相关单词  relieve  v. 减轻；解除  This medicine will relieve your headache.  这药将减轻你的头痛。  allergic  · 原文再现  The first time I met Tom, he seemed to be allergic to everything.  我第一次遇见汤姆的时候， 他看上去对一切事物都很敏感。· 基本用法  allergic   adj. 过敏的；对.极讨厌的  Are you al