2019-2020同步北师大英语选修八新突破讲义：Unit 23 Section Ⅵ　Language Points（Ⅲ） .doc

Section Language Points() (Communication Workshop，Language Awareness，Culture Corner & Bulletin Board).单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1The famous writer possesses(拥有) a happy family.2He has sponsored(赞助) the poor student every term in the last few years.3I have no idea of what is in fashion, so my choice is quite arbitrary(任意的)4When I got to the end of the article，I felt a sense of liberation(解放)5Its too much of an expense(费用) for me to own a car.6I didnt intend her to see the painting until it was finished.7The army refused to take in the young man for he was physically unfit8India imports a great amount of food every year because of its large population.9We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.10The patients blood pressure is stable.拓展词汇根据词性或汉语提示，写出下列单词1strong adj.强的，强壮的strength n力气；优势strengthen vt.加强；巩固2fit adj.健壮的，健康的unfit adj.不健壮的unfitness n不健康，状态欠佳3theory n理论theoretical adj.理论的4possess vt.拥有possession n拥有，具有possessed adj.具有(某种品质、能力)的5diverse adj.各种各样的diversity n多样性6recommend vt.推荐recommendation n推荐.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1in contract with与联系/接触2look forward to盼望3pushing up daisies命丧黄泉4join up参军，入伍；连接5rope off用绳围起(隔开)6bring sth.on sb.给某人招来(不愉快的事情)7look into调查8sort out解决(问题或困难)；整理；挑选9tell sb. off责备某人，斥责某人10apply to向申请11a wide range of范围广泛的.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1It looked as though it might rain at any minute.2Many young people of the village have joined up since last year.3He has promised to look into the matter.4John spent a happy weekend sorting out his coins and stamps.5Both techniques can be applied to the same application.n.env.v.to复合短语heighten 加高lengthen 加长broaden 拓宽adjust to 适应appeal to 吸引contribute to 有助于；导致背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.But I find out that you dont sponsor Armstrong and after using the bike for a month it is as though I have done no exercise at all.但我发现你们并没有赞助阿姆斯特朗，并且使用这辆自行车一个月了，好像我一点也没得到锻炼。as though “似乎，好像”。It sounds as though there is a knock at the door.听起来好像有人在敲门。2.In fact，the more I use the bike, the more weight I seem to put on, despite following the instruction manual carefully.事实上，我越使用这辆自行车，我好像就越增重，尽管我认真地按使用指南去做了。the比较级.the比较级.“越就越”。The more you speak English，the better your English will be.你说英语越多，你的英语就会越好。3. Counsellors offer help, advice and support to people who find it difficult to help themselves.辅导员向那些发现自我帮助有困难的人提供帮助、建议与支持。findit实语Youll find it enjoyable to see a dentist.你会发现看牙医很有趣。 strengthen vt.(使)变强；加强(教材P26).by using the exercise bike for ten minutes a day，one would strengthen ones body and lose at least two kilos a week.一个人每天骑十分钟的自行车就会增强体质，一周至少减重两千克。(1)strengthen national defence 巩固国防strengthen sb.s hand 增强某人的实力(2)strength n. 力量，力气；实力on the strength of. 受的鼓励；凭借from strength to strength 不断强大He finally went to college on the strength of his parents encouragement.在他父母的鼓励下，他终于考上了大学。Ren Zhengfei said Huawei would strengthen(strength) protection around the “higherend technologies” being created by the group. 任正非仍表示，华为将加强对公司正在开发的“高端技术”的保护。明辨异同power/force/energy/strengthpower主要指做一件事所依靠的能力、功能，人或机器等事物的潜在的或所能发挥出来的力量、职权、权力或政权。force主要是自然界的力量、暴力、势力、说服力、压制力、法律、道德或感情的力量、军事的力量，总之，它是活动中的力量。energy主要指人的精力、工作或活动的能力、自然界的能力等。strength指人或物所拥有的内在的力量，能用以从事、忍受或抵抗许多事物。power，force，energy，strengthOld as he is，he has such energy that he can work 14 hours a day.He lost some of the strength in his muscles when he stopped exercising.Knowledge is powerThere is force in what he said. intend vt.想要，打算(教材P26)Unless I receive a positive reply within the next three weeks，I intend to take further action.如果在三周之内得不到肯定答复，我将采取进一步行动。(1)intend to do/doing sth.打算做某事intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事be intended for 专供(使用)；旨在be intended as 计划用作had intended to do.intended to have done.本打算做It is intended that. 打算；按计划(2)intention n. 打算，意图，目的More than half of Beijings adult single children dont intend to have two kids.在北京超过半数有一个孩子的成年人不打算要二孩。It is intended that production will start at the end of the month.计划月底将开始生产。He intends his son to manage(manage) the company.他打算让他儿子经营该公司。名师点津intend，hope，wish，mean，expect，plan，want，attempt等，常用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算，意为“本打算/希望做而未做”。 expense n费用，开支(教材P136)The film All Quiet On the Western Front was made in 1930 at huge expense with what was then an enormous budget of one and a quarter million dollars.1930年，电影西线无战事的制作耗资巨大，125万美金在当时是一笔庞大的预算。(1)at great/little expense花了很多/很少钱at ones expense 由某人付费at the expense of. 以为代价，在牺牲的情况下spare no expense 不惜一切代价(2)expensive adj. 昂贵的；价格高的She spared no expense to make the party a success.为使聚会成功她不惜一切代价。He built up the business at the expense of his health.他以自己的健康为代价逐步建立起这个企业。 bring sth.on sb.给某人招来(不愉快的)事情(教材P137)He made me feel that Id brought these troubles on myself by buying the bike in the first place.他使我感觉到首先是我买这辆车给自己带来了麻烦。bring about引起；导致bring back使记起；恢复bring down降低bring up养育；提出；呕吐bring out使显示；出版bring in介绍；引进；赚Science has brought about many changes in our lives.科学给我们的生活带来了诸多变化。His work brings him in 1，000 dollars a month.他的工作每月有一千美元的收入。My mother brought up five children.我的母亲养育了五个孩子。 sort out解决(问题或困难)；整理；选出(教材P137).we can sort out the money for your injury on the spot.我们能解决你当场受伤的用钱问题。写出下列句中sort out的含义There is something wrong with the program. Ill try to sort things out and call you back.解决The fishermen sorted out the little fish and put them back into the sea.选出It is necessary that he (should) sort out the information for my reference.整理(1)sort out from从中挑选sort.into. 把分成(2)a sort of 一种all sorts of 各种各样的sort of 有点儿，有几分The computer sorts the words into alphabetical order.计算机按字母顺序排列这些单词。She sort of pretends that she doesnt really care.她摆出一副并不真正在乎的样子。 demanding adj.(指任务)需要耐心、技巧、努力等的；(指人)对他人要求高的；苛求的(教材P30)Children of different ages have different problems and needs，so the job of a school counsellor can be very diverse and demanding.不同年龄的孩子有不同的问题与需要，因此，一名学校顾问的工作可能既变化多端，又需要很高的技能。(1)demand vt.&n.要求，请求，需要demand to do sth.要求/请求/需要做某事demand sth.of sb.要求/请求某人某事demand of sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事demand (that).(should)do.要求做(虚拟语气)(2)meet/satisfy ones demand满足某人的需要in demand需求量大I think the government should try to satisfy the publics demands.我认为，政府应尽力满足民众的需求。Organic produce is in great demand.有机农产品需求量很大。He demanded of me to shut(shut) the gate.他要求我关上大门。名师点津(1)不可以说demand sb.to do sth.，但可以说demand of sb.to do sth.(2)demand 后接宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气：should动词原形，should可以省略。 apply to向申请；适用；适合；应用于(教材P30)Often，a counsellor will help students decide on which courses to take at college and which colleges to apply to.通常一个(高中的)顾问将要帮助学生决定将来上大学所选择的科目和将要申请的大学。(1)apply(to.)for(向)申请apply oneself to(doing)sth.致力于，集中精力于apply.to. 把应用于(2)applicant n. 申请人application n. 应用；申请(表)We had to apply (to the government)for financial help.我们只好(向政府)申请财务援助。Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning(learn) how to read and write.后来我决定把我以前的经验应用到学习阅读和写作上。 recommendation n推荐；建议；推荐信(教材P30)They also write letters of recommendation on behalf of students.他们还代表学生写推荐信。recommend vt.推荐；介绍；劝告，建议recommend sb.sth.recommend sth.to sb.向某人推荐/介绍某事recommend sb.for. 推荐某人(某职位)recommend sb.as. 推荐某人为recommend doing sth. 推荐/建议做某事recommend sb.to do sth. 建议某人做某事recommend that.(should)do.建议做(虚拟语气)The teacher recommended that everyone (should)take an active part in the English party.老师建议每一个人都应积极参加英语晚会。The teacher recommended buying(buy) an EnglishChinese dictionary.老师建议买一本英汉字典。The doctor recommended his patient to go(go) out for a walk.医生建议他的病人出去散散步。 (教材P26)In fact，the more I use the bike，the more weight I seem to put on，despite following the instruction manual carefully.事实上，我越骑这辆自行车，我好像越增重，尽管我认真遵循用户手册。【要点提炼】句中the more.，the more.表示“越，就越”。前一个the more 引导的句子相当于一个条件状语从句，后一个the more引导的句子相当于相应的主句。比较级的常见结构如下：(1)“比较级and比较级”/“more and more原级”表示“越来越”。(2)“the比较级.，the比较级.”表示“越越”。(3)“the比较级of the two.”表示“两者中较的那一个”。(4)“否定词比较级”表示最高级含义。(5)倍数形容词/副词的比较级than.It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.春天来了，天气越来越暖和了。I have never seen a stranger(strange) bird.这是我见过的最奇怪的鸟。Our school is twice bigger(big) than yours.我们学校是你们学校的两倍大。 (教材P30)Counsellors offer help，advice and support to people who find it difficult to help themselves辅导员向那些觉得自我帮助有困难的人提供帮助、建议与支持。【要点提炼】在find it difficult to help themselves中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为to help themselves。在复合宾语中，当宾语为不定式、动名词或宾语从句时，往往把真正的宾语放在它的补足语的后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾补前。it除作形式宾语外，还可以作形式主语，真正的主语(不定式、动名词或从句)放在后面，一般是为了平衡句子结构。It is easy to say，but difficult to do.说起来容易做起来难。Its no use arguing(argue) with him；he wont listen.和他争吵没用，他不会听的。语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句Why havent you been in touch？What have you been doing during the holidays？I expect you have been working hard for your exams！At least by the time I get back I will have read that awfully boring book .Anyway，having walked all the way to the top, we were tired and stopped .Well, he had been standing there for a minute or so when there was a noise.It must have been an instinctive reaction but it saved my life.The boy pretended to have known it.后自主感悟1.以上句子分别使用了不同的时态或非谓语动词形式来表达完成的概念。2.根据以上例句，表示“完成”的动词形式有：现在完成时态(句)，现在完成进行时态(句、句)，过去完成进行时态(句)，将来完成时态(句)，不定式的完成式(句)，动词ing形式的完成式(句)，含有情态动词的完成时态(句)。一、表达完成的谓语动词的形式和含义形式含义have done(现在完成时)表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响或造成的结果，还可表示动作从过去某一时间开始，持续到现在，还有可能持续下去have been doing(现在完成进行时)表示某一动作延续到现在并有可能持续下去，表示某一动作的延续性、重复性，或表示某种感情色彩had done(过去完成时)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生的动作或存在的状态had been doing(过去完成进行时)表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间will have done(将来完成时)表示在将来某一时间点或某一动作之前完成的动作He has seen the film Avatar twice.他已经看了两遍电影阿凡达。Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.安很累，她一直努力工作。The play had already started when we got to the theatre.我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。They will have been married for 20 years by then.到那时他们将已婚20年了。名师点津(1)现在完成进行时是完成时和进行时的结合，它具备未完成性或特定的感情色彩。He has been sleeping all the afternoon.他已睡了一下午了。(表示“抱怨”，有感情色彩)(2)过去完成时必须以过去某一时刻为起点，即“过去的过去”，因此只有在和过去的某个动作相比较时才能用到。Beautiful Voice had prepared well before he stepped onto the stage of Avenue of Stars.在走上星光大道的舞台之前，“美声四季”已做了充分的准备。即时训练1单句语法填空I have read(read) half of the English novel, and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.In the last few years, China has made(make) great achievements in environmental protection.Did you have difficulty finding Anns house?Not really. She had given(give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.Where is Peter? I cant find him anywhere.He went to the library after breakfast and has been writing(write) his essay there ever since.Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement has been reached(reach) so far by the two sides.二、“情态动词十have done”表示推测或责备can (could), may (might), must, should (ought to), need等有时接have done对过去动作或状态进行推测或责备。She cant have finished the work.她不可能做完了这个工作。He might have arrived now.现在他可能已经到了。With all the work finished，I should have gone to the party last night.所有的工作都做完了，我昨晚本该去参加宴会的。三、非谓语动词的完成式完成时的非谓语形式有不定式的完成式和动词ing形式的完成式，表示非谓语动作发生于句子谓语动作之前。通常在句中作状语，也可作主语。1不定式的完成式构成：to have done，常用于pretend，believe，prove，seem，consider等词之后。He seems to have caught a cold.他似乎已经感冒了。2动词ing形式的完成时构成：having done；动词ing形式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.在找好旅馆之后，我们就去找吃饭的地方了。Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.虽然被告知了好多遍，但这个淘气的男孩犯了同样的错误。Not having met her, I cant tell you what she is like.(因为)我从没有见过她，所以没办法告诉你她的模样。.单句语法填空1I had finished(finish) my homework before supper.2You will have reached(reach) Shanghai by this time tomorrow.3Having failed(fail) twice, he didnt want to try again.4I have visited(visit) most of the cities in China since five years ago.5These years China has been helping(help) some poor countries.6She should have told(tell) me the news earlier.7I had been sleeping(sleep) when my friend called me.8By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had graduated(graduate) from college.9On her next birthday, Ann will have been(be) married for twenty years.10I have been studying here for four years, by next summer I shall have graduated(graduate)11John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week，spent $3，000 more than he had planned(plan)for the wedding.12Having run(run) for two miles, the car broke down.单句改错1The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.havehas2Since thenfor all these yearswe had been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where they please.hadhave3Unfortunately，by the time I got back, they have finished the scene and the actor couldnt be seen anywhere.havehad4I couldnt believe my lucknot only did I had my photo taken with him，but he signed his name on my shirt！hadhave5Nobody knew what they had been done all these years.donedoing.单句语法填空1The earlier(early) you set about your work, the sooner you will finish it.2He talks about Rome as if he had been(be) there before.3Are men and women equals in physical strength(strengthen)?4I intended to have arranged(arrange) them, but I forgot.5We asked him to join us in singing(sing), but he refused.6This was a demanding(demand) job, but he didnt refuse it.7Please print your names in the application(apply) form.8He gave her the job on her uncles recommendation(recommend)9Ive made a few adjustments(adjust) to the design.10This money is intended(intend) for the development of the tourist industry.单句改错1They treat me as though I was a stranger.waswere2The busier she is, the happiest she feels.happiesthappier3All sort of people found shelter under his roof.sortsorts4This is one of the great strength of my country.strengthstrengths5He saved the girl for the expense of his life.forat.完成句子1He opened his mouth as if he would say something他张开嘴好像要说什么。2The more difficult the questions are, the less likely he is able to answer them.问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。 3He had intended to go, but on second thought, he gave up the idea.他本来打算去，但进一步考虑后，打消了这个念头。4That song always brings back memories of school那首歌总是使人想起过去的学校生活。5They spared no expense to make the wedding party a success.为了把婚礼办得像模像样他们不惜花费巨资。