初中英语现在完成时PPT课件.ppt

山东聊城实验中学山东聊城实验中学 刘峰刘峰谓语动词的构成：谓语动词的构成：have/ has +动词过去分词动词过去分词现在完成时表示的意义现在完成时表示的意义 1) 表示到现在为止已经完成或表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。刚刚完成的动作。Now we have planted all the trees. He has just come back. 2) 表示过去发生的动作表示过去发生的动作, , 但强但强调结果或对现在的影响。调结果或对现在的影响。Have you had your supper?I have read the book twice already.在以上两种用法中常跟在以上两种用法中常跟already, yet, never, just, before, ever, recently等副词连用。等副词连用。 3) 表示过去已经开始表示过去已经开始, , 持续到持续到现在现在, , 也许还会继续下去的动作也许还会继续下去的动作或状态，常与包括现在在内的一或状态，常与包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。段时间的状语连用。He has studied English for 6 years.I have lived in Beijing since 2008for+for+一段时间一段时间since+since+过去点时间过去点时间Since+Since+一段时间一段时间+ago+agoSince+Since+从句（从句用一般过去时）从句（从句用一般过去时）谓语只可用延续性动词谓语只可用延续性动词. .Ive lived here for 8 years.Ive lived here since 2008. Ive lived here since 8 years ago.Ive lived here since I was born短暂性动词短暂性动词和延续性动词和延续性动词( (前面为短暂性动词前面为短暂性动词) )leave= be away frombegin= be onarrive= be inborrow= keepbuy=havedie =be dead marry =be married这本书露西已经借了一个月了这本书露西已经借了一个月了Lucy has kept the book for a month.他们结婚十年了他们结婚十年了They have been married for ten years.他爷爷已经去世五年了他爷爷已经去世五年了His grandpa has been dead for five years.4 4）have gone to have gone to 与与have been tohave been to的区别：的区别：have gone to：“去了某地去了某地”，表示某人在路上，表示某人在路上，或者在目的地；已不在原地。或者在目的地；已不在原地。have been to：“曾去过某地曾去过某地” ，说话时人已不在某地了，已经回来。说话时人已不在某地了，已经回来。He has been to Xian twice.他曾经去过西安两次他曾经去过西安两次。（已经回来了）。（已经回来了）You cant find him. He has gone to Xian.你找不到他。他去西安了你找不到他。他去西安了。（还没回来）。（还没回来）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时属于现在时态的范围现在完成时属于现在时态的范围，不能不能和表示过和表示过去的时间状语连用，如去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,last night,three weeks ago,in1990等等.而而一般过去时只表示过去的动一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系作或状态，和现在不发生关系。I have seen the film twice.I saw the film last week.He has lived here since 1993.He lived here in 1993.1.直接加直接加-ed。如：如：play-played2.以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾的，变结尾的，变y为为i加加ed。如：如：carry-carried3.以字母以字母e结尾的直接加结尾的直接加d 。如：如：name-named4.重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加双写这个辅音字母再加-ed。如：如：stop-stopped肯定句肯定句现在完成时的肯定句式是现在完成时的肯定句式是“havehave（hashas）过去分词）过去分词注意：该句式中的注意：该句式中的havehave或或hashas是助动词，是助动词，hashas用于第三用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用人称单数，其它人称一律用havehave。I have eaten my lunch.She has eaten her lunch.He has eaten his lunch.疑问句疑问句现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或或has提到主语之前。提到主语之前。 （回答用回答用“Yes，have（has）“No，havent（hasnt）” ）Have you known Sandy for a long time?Yes, I have/ No, I havent. know-knownHas she eaten anything since 9:00 a.m？Yes, she has/ No, she hasnt. eat-eatenI have not (havent) seen the film. She has not (hasnt) seen the film.现在完成时的现在完成时的否定否定形式：形式：have not (havent) +过去分词过去分词 has not (hasnt) +过去分词过去分词 I havent eaten supper. eat-eatenHe hasnt changed his idea. change-changedMy mother hasnt come back home. come-come否定句否定句翻译：翻译：她曾经去过上海她曾经去过上海She has ever been to Shang hai.他在上海十年了他在上海十年了He has been in Shanghai for ten years.他去上海了他去上海了He has gone to Shanghai .Good-bye!Thanks , everyone