高中英语必修2北师大版Unit4cyberspace知识点总结.docx

高中英语必修2 （北师大版）Unit 4 cyberspace学问点总结一学问点总结1.词义辨析：1.1. likely/possible/probable三者都可以表示“可能的”，possible可能性最小，probable可能性最大，但用法不同。 单词主语用法 likely人/物/itsb. be likely to do sth.It is likely + that从句 possible  itIt is possible (for sb.) to do sth.It is possible +that从句 probable  itIt is probable +that 从句因此，“我们学英语时可能会犯错”可以表述为：We are likely to make mistakes when learning English.=It is likely/possible/probable that we make mistakes when learning English.=It is possible for us to make mistakes when learning English. 1.2. affect/effect/influence    这些动词均含“影响”之意，但在词性和意义上有差异。 单词词性意义 affectvt. 主要指一时的影响。 effectn.（可数或不行数）主要指一时的影响，have an effect on 意为“对有影响”。 influencevt.& n.（通常不行数，但有时可连用不定冠词）主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响，have an influence on 意为“对有影响”。Both diet and exercise affect blood pressure. 饮食和运动都对血压有影响。What you read has an influence on your thinking.你读的东西对你的思想有影响。1.3. as well as/as well    二者都表示“也”，但在词性上有差异。  短语含义词性 as well as“也”，“不仅而且”连词 as well“也”副词，大致相当于also 或 tooShe is my friend as well as my doctor.他不仅是我的医生，也是我的挚友。He can speak Chinese as well.他也会说中文。1.4. be known for/be known as/be known to     三者的含义不同，详细区分如下：  短语含义介词后的搭配 be known as 作为而知名as后接表示主语身份的词 be known for因而知名for后接表示特征、品质之类的词 be known to为所知的to后接表示人的名词或代词George is known as a successful banker.乔治作为胜利的银行家而知名。Guilin is known for its beautiful scenery. 桂林因风景美丽而著名。She is known to everyone in the college.他在学院里人人皆知。2.核心词汇：2.1. average：adj.平均的，一般的 n. 平均数  on average：平均，平均来说over/below average：高于/低于平均值How long do you spend on-line on average each time? 你每次平均上网是多少?Her brother is above average in his reading ability. 他的阅读实力在平均程度以上。2.2. focus on sth.：集中留意力在某事  The noise made it hard for me to focus on work.噪音让我无法集中留意力工作。2.3. in chaos：混乱不堪  After the failure of the electricity supplies, the city was in chaos.电力供给中断，城市陷于混乱之中。2.4. fancy doing sth.：想做某事，喜爱做某事  I dont fancy going home alone at night.我不喜爱晚上一个人回家。2.5. be located +介词：坐落于  The new college will be located in the suburbs.  这所新建的学院将设在郊区.Their factory is located at the foot of the mountain.  他们的工厂坐落在山脚下。2.6. do harm to sb./sth.：对有害  Excessive drinking did harm to his health.过量饮酒损害了他的安康。2.7. as if：似乎  as if=as though，可在look, seem 等系动词后引导表语从句。He looked as if / though he was ill. 他看起来似乎生病了。as if 可引导方式状语从句。I remember the whole thing as if / though it happened yesterday.我记得整个事情，就似乎它是发生在昨天一样。2.8. touch 词组  get in touch with sb.：及某人获得联络keep/stay in touch with sb. ：及某人保持联络lose touch with sb. ：及某人失去联络 Do write to me as often as you can. I don't want to lose touch with you. 多多写信给我，我不盼望及你失去联络。2.9. be up to   be up to sth：做，从事于，胜任 John was dismissed, because he was not up to the task. 约翰被辞退了，因为他不胜任这份工作。 be up to sb. ：由某人确定 Its up to you to decide where to go. 去哪儿由你确定。2.10. in the flesh：本人   I have corresponded with him for some years, but I have never met him in the flesh. 我已和他通信联络好几年了，但始终未及他本人见过面。3.一词多义：3.1. view n. 风光；观点 vt. 观看；对待   In your view, who is right for the job? 在你看来，谁合适这份工作？（in ones view：在看来） We can view the problem in many ways.（view：对待） 我们可以从多方面来考虑这些问题。3.2. hang on   1.( 用语)别挂断 Hang on a minute while I look it up.  别挂断，我查一下。 2. (面对困难或阻力)坚持不懈，不泄气 It's hard work but if you hang on you'll succeed in the end.   这是件困难的工作，但如你坚持不渝，最终是能胜利的。4.阅读必备词汇 ：   concept  n. 观念；概念  chart  n. 图；图表  artificial  adj. 虚假的；人造的；人为的  climate n.气候  global  adj. 全球的  global warming 全球变暖  virtual  adj.（通过计算机软件）模拟的，虚拟的  reality n. 现实；事实  virus  n. 病毒  rapidly  adv. 快速地  growth  n. 增加；成长  pessimistic adj. 悲观（主义）的  crime  n. 罪行；犯罪  hacker  n. 黑客  terrorist n. 恐惧主义者  attack n.&vt. 攻击  chaos n. 混乱，杂乱，紊乱  crash  n.&vi.&vt. 撞车；碰撞；倒闭；崩溃  optimistic  adj. 乐观（主义）的  entertainment n. 消遣  disappear vi. 不见；消逝  obvious adj. 明显的，自不待言的  destruction  n. 毁坏  military adj. 军事的，军用的  scientific  adj. 科学的  nuclear adj. 原子能的  project n. 课题；方案；工程  reject  vt. 回绝  arrangement  n. 支配  destination  n. 目的地  flesh n. 肉，肉体  historical  adj. 历史的  pack vt. 打包  dip  vt. 浸  tourism  n. 旅游业  guide  n. 指南；导游  vt. 指导  settle  vi. 定居  settlement  n. 定居地  central adj. 中央的  regular adj. 定期的，规则的  location n. 位置，场所  material n. 材料  officially  adv. 正式地  scenery n. 风光  attractive adj. 吸引人的  come true  （幻想等）实现1. In 1983, there were only 200 computers connected to the Internet; now there are around 50 million and this growth is clearly going to continue.  解析：本句是由分号连接的两句话，第二句话为and连接的并列句，第一句话中过去分词connected to the Internet 做后置定语，修饰computers。翻译：1983年，只有200台计算机联网，如今有大约5000万并且还在持续增长。拓展：过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成。也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的状况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只表示主动意义，强调动作完成。如：fallen leaves 落叶 ；retired workers 退休工人；  the risen sun升起的太阳 。2. “In the next few years,” says Angela Rossetto of Cyberia magazine, “it is clear that we are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet. "     解析：本句的干脆引语中采纳了主语从句，it做形式主语，that引导主语从句。这种句型可以表达为：It is +adj.+that 从句。翻译：网络世界杂志的安吉拉罗塞托说：“明显，将来几年中我们会看到网上购物迅猛开展。”拓展：it 做形式主语的句型还有： 1. It is+n. +that 2. It is+v-ed +that3. She also believes that, in the future, we will get entertainment from the Net and that television will probably disappear.  解析：本句主句为：she also believes.，后接and 连接的两个宾语从句，第二个宾语从句不能省略that。在通常状况下，引导宾语从句的连词that 是可以省略的（通常只含有一个宾语从句）；但是以下三种特别状况下，that 不能省略。 1. that引导的宾语从句置于句首时，that不能省略。 2. 当that从句被其他词或从句隔开时，that一般不宜省略，以免造成语义混乱。 3. 当两个或多个that引导的宾语从句并列运用时，即使省略了第一个从句的引导词that，后面的that也不行省略。翻译：她还认为将来我们会再网上进展消遣活动，而且电视可能会消逝。4. Cathy, do you mean well use the computer to travel around the world, entering and exiting countries in seconds and visiting all the historical sites?   解析：本句中主句为：do you mean.，后接宾语从句，从句中如今分词“entering and exiting countries in seconds and visiting all the historical sites” 做伴随状语，及句子主语之间是主动关系。翻译：凯西，你的意思是我们将用电脑环游世界，几秒钟内进出各国，并参观全部的历史名迹？5. We would not only be able to travel around the world, but also go to study in any world famous universities we wanted to go.  解析：本句中not onlybut also连接两个谓语动词，同时we wanted to go为定语从句修饰 any world famous universities，省略引导词that。not only. but (also).在句中常用来连接两个对等的成分，also可以省略。 翻译：我们不仅能环游世界，还能去任何想去的名校学习。6. But I still find it hard to imagine.  解析：本句中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为动词不定式，可以总结为句型：find it+adj. + to do sth，意为：发觉某事是的。翻译：但是我还是发觉很难想象。拓展：it 做形式宾语的句型归纳为：“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式（动名词或从句）”的构造，动词通常是：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel, take，宾补通常为形容词和名词。如：We think it important to learn a foreign language.  我们认为学外语很重要。  They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.  他们发觉两天完成工作很难。1. will及be going to的区分： willbe going to表示推想，揣想根据直觉，阅历或学问等根据视察到的迹象，证据等表将要临时确定提早支配，支配，准备推想，揣想： I think it will be rainy tomorrow. 我认为明天有雨。 Look at the clouds; its going to rain.看看这些云，又要下雨了。表示“将要”： 1. -“Kate is in hospital.”     -“Oh, really, I didn't know. I will go and see her at once.”（临时确定去看Kate）。 2. -“Kate is in hospital.”     -“Yes, I know. I am going to see her this afternoon.”（提早已准备好去看Kate） 拓展： 在“主将从现”中，一般用will，而不用be going to。例如： I wont go if he doesn't come.他不来，我就不去。2. if真实条件句和if虚拟条件句  真实条件句：所表示的条件是真实的，或者完全有可能实现的，主从句的谓语都用陈述语气。时态留意 运用“主将从现”。例如： If she doesn't hurry up, she will miss the first bus. 若果她不快点儿的话，她就错过第一班车了。 If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. 假如明天下雨的话，我就待在家里。虚拟条件句：所表示的条件不行能或很难实现，或及事实相反，主句和从句的谓语要用虚拟语气。同学们需牢记： if从句主句及如今事实相反过去式（be用were）would/ should/ might/ could+动词原形及过去事实相反had + 过去分词would/ should/ might/could+ have done及将来事实相反1. 过去式（be用were）2. were to + 动词原形3. should + 动词 原形would/ should/ might/could+动词原形If I were you, I would not let out the secret.假如我是你的话，我不会泄露这个隐私的。（暗含事实：我不是你）If I knew his new address, I would tell you.假如我知道他的新地址，我会告知你的。（暗含事实：我不知道他的地址）If she were to/should come/came tomorrow, I would tell her the secret.假如明天她来的话，我会告知她这个隐私。（暗含事实：她明天不太可能来）If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have been late for the meeting.假如你听了我的建议，你开会就不会迟到了。（暗含事实：你当时没有听我的建议）高考不提分，赔付1万元，关注欢乐学kuailexue理解详情。