2021年江苏中考英语真题分类汇编之短文填空.docx

2021年江苏中考英语真题分类汇编之短文填空一.词汇应用(共4小题). (2021 连云港)Paper, zhi, was a Chinese in vention.2, 000 years ago, Chinese people (1) i papermaking.This zhi was made (2) o silk and was very expensive.Only the emperor and rich people could (3) a to use it.L 900 years ago, Cai Lun improved the paper - making process.He made cheap jinzhi out of tree bark and old cloth.The improvement in paper - making spread zhi far and wide, and many different (4) k of zhi were made by Chinese people.Xuan paper, a type of high quality ricepaper, best shows the charm of (5) t Chinese painting and calligraphy (书 法).Later, Chinese zhi spread to the West via the Chinese Silk Road.1 .(2021 苏州)Does my goldfish know who Ian ?I think this is a great question.I do spend my days (1) (study) how fish go about their lives.First of all, fish are much smarter than people think.People often talk of goldfish having three - second memories, but in fact they can learn all kinds of things, and remember them (2) quite a long time.This shouldn't surprise us too much.Just like other animals,they can find enough to eat.And (3)(know) when it is sale to be out in the open.Being able to learn and remember things helps (4) (they) do this.Many kinds of fish can tell one from another, according to their group, their relatives (5) even their own eggs.But fish live in (6) very different world from us, For many kinds of fish, although seeing is important, (7) (sense) such as smell and touch are even more important.50, does your fish know who you are? I believe your fish will(8) (sure) know when it is feeding time,My own fish become very (9)(excite) when my hand appears near their tank,even before I drop the food in.I'm not sure that your fish will be able to remember what your face (10) (look) like, but I wouldn't be too surprised if it could remember you in other ways, perhaps by the sound of your footsteps as you walk towards the tank.3. (2021盐城)Many Chinese restaurants are telling people to (8) o rder dishes by using the nN -(1) "formula. (9) s lands for the number of people in your group.So if you're in a group of (10) s ix people, you should order five dishes.To reduce food waste is a big task, and it needs time.Everyone can do something to make a difference.【考点】首字母阅读填空.【分析】本文主要讲了世界各地减少食物浪费的措施。【解答】(1) throw.考查动词原形。根据face判断时态为一般现在时，people后谓语动词 用原形，结合句意，当人们不需要的食物，世界上其他地方的很多人面临食物短缺, 结合首字母，判断空格处词义为扔，故答案为throw。(2) countries.考查可数名词复数。many许多，后跟可数名词复数，结合句意，为了减 少食物浪费，世界上很多,比方德国和法国有食物银行，结合首字母，判断空格处 词义为国家，故答案为countries.(3) those.考查指示代词。结合句意，人们和杂货店可以把额外的食物给他们并且他们 可以把食物给需要的一，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为那些人，故答案为those。(4) helped.考查动词过去式。根据判断时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，结合句 意，五年里，它拯救了七百万吨食物并且76万人，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为帮助，故答案为helped。(5) vegetables.考查可数名词复数。many很多，后跟可数名词复数，结合下文，about 25 to 30 percent of carrots don't make it to the store 可知大约 25%到 30%的胡萝卜没有到商 店，因此判断题目中说到的是蔬菜被浪费，故答案为vegetables.(6) looks.考查可数名词复数。their为形容词性物主代词，后跟名词，结合上文，Many fruits and vegetables go to waste because they look ugly.可知很多水果和蔬菜浪费因为它们 长得丑，因此判断有些胡萝卜因为长相没有放入商店，look为可数名词，用复数表示类 别，故答案为looks。(7) just.考查副词。结合句意，所以下次试着买丑的食物，因为他和普通食物一样 好，结合首字母，判断空格处词义为只是，故答案为just。(8) order.考查动词原形。to后跟动词原形表示目的，根据you should order five dishes. 你应该点五份餐，判断中国餐馆让人们用“N- 1”的方式点餐，故答案为order。(9) stands.考查动词的第三人称单数形式。全文用一般现在时叙事，“N"后谓语动词用 第三人称单数形式，结合句意，“N”你们一行人的数量，结合首字母，判断空格处词 义为代表，stand for短语，意为代表，故答案为stands。(10) six.考查基数词。结合上文，Many Chinese restaurants are telling people to order dishes by using the "N - r'formula. nNn stands for the number of people in your group.可知彳艮多中 国餐厅告诉人们用“N- 1”的公式点餐，”N”代表你们一行人的数量，因此判断应该点五份 餐的时候是六个人，故答案为six。【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，紧密结合上下文判断句意，根据句意及首字母判断 空格处词义，根据相关知识点写出词语的正确形式，完成后再次阅读查看语意是否正确。4. (2021 宿迁)A high - tech zebra crossing with flashing lights and audio warning (t吾音提示) (1) was put (put) into use for the(2) first (one) time in Bishan district, Chongqinga few months ago. It can also take pictures of the people who are against the traffic (3) rules (rule) in the area.At a busy road in front of a gate of Bishan Middle School, the crosswalk is installed (安 装)(4) to keep (keep) the students safe when they cross the road after school.The zebra crossing area has light strips.When people cross the street, they flash to "tell"(5) drivers (drive) to slow down and wait for people to go across the street.At the same time, display screens(显示屏)on either side of the crosswalk tell people to only cross the street when the light (6) is (be) green.Jiang Fei, a traffic (7) officer(office) in Bishan, said that the lighting system wasvery useful in the evenings and on (8) rainy (rain) and foggy days.Rong Sheng from the school's safety department said, nIn the past, our school safety guards (9) had (have) to stand in the middle of the road after school to stop the cars.1*Now the students feel (10) safer (safe) than before after the installation of the smart crosswalk.【考点】语法填空.【分析】短文主要介绍几个月前，重庆市璧山区首次使用了一种带有闪光灯和语音提示 的高科技斑马线，它可以提示人们注意交通规那么，还可以拍摄当地违反交通规那么的人的 照片，更好地保护了学生们的平安。【解答】(1) was put,考查被动语态。句意”几个月前，重庆市璧山区一种带有闪光灯和语 音提示的高科技斑马线首次。”根据a few months ago”几个月之前”可知，一般过去时 态，主语high - tech zebra crossing”高科技斑马线”是动词短语put into use”投入使用”动作 的承受者，用一般过去时态的被动语态，结构是was/were+动词的过去分词。主语high-tech zebra crossing单数，用waso put的过去分词是puto故答案为：was puto(2) first.考查序数词。句意”几个月前，重庆市璧山区一种带有闪光灯和语音提示的高 科技斑马线 次被投入使用。"one一，基数词。the first time”首次"。故答案为：firsto(3) rules.考查名词复数。句意”它还可以拍摄该地区违反交通的人的照片。”这里填 名词rule的复数rules”规那么”表示泛指。故答案为：rules。(4) to keep.考查不定式。句意”设置这种人行横道是学生放学后过马路时的平安。” 这里用不定式表示目的，t。后跟动词原形keep”保持，to keep”为了保持”。故答案为：to keepo(5) drivers.考查副词复数。句意”它们闪现'告诉，减速，等待人们过马路。“drive 驾驶，动词。这里应该是“司机"，填名词driver的复数divers表示泛指。故答案为：driverso(6) is.考查系动词。句意”当灯绿色时。”根据动词原形tell可知，一般现在时态，主 语light不可数名词，用be动词单数is"是"。故答案为：is。(7) officer.考查名词。句意”蒋飞，璧山一名交通 o "office办公室，根据Jiang Fei"蒋飞”可知，应该是一名交通“官员”，不定冠词a修饰单数名词。故答案为：officer。(8) rainy.考查形容词。句意”在 天和雾天。”rain下雨、雨，动词或名词。这里修饰名词day用形容词rainy”下雨的"。故答案为：rainy。(9) had.考查动词。句意”过去，我们学校的平安保卫员放学后站在路中间停下汽车。 ”根据In the past”在过去”可知，一般过去时态，用have的过去式had。had to"不得不”。 故答案为：hado(10) safer.考查比拟级。句意”安装了智能人行横道后，现在的学生感到比以前了。 “safe"平安的”形容词，根据than"比”可知,两者比拟,且feel是系动词，填形容词safe 的比拟级safer”更平安的，故答案为：safer。【点评】要注重对短文和句子的理解，结合语境，根据所给单词，并运用适当形式，分 析时态、词性等变化，正确写出答案，注意单词拼写。二.综合填空(共4小题)5. (2021 扬州)Chinese people started to build gardens more than 2, 000 years ago.Chinese gardens are a special form of (1) t raditional Chinese culture and art.At the entrance to a Chinese garden, there is usually a huge stone or wall to screen （挡住）your view.This is to give you a pressed - in feeling, in order to later produce unexpected joy(2)w hen you turn around the hall to see the amazing rock formations(假ill )and a big lake.The best (3) e xample is the Summer Palace.Rock formations play an (4) i mportant role in the design of a Chinese - style garden.Without them, a garden could not be considered a Chinese - style garden.They are as important to a Chinese - style garden as sculptures are to a European - style garden.Ge Garden in Yangzhou is famous for (5) i ts Four Seasons Rockeries (假山花园).(6) G ardens in the south are mostly small in size.Chinese garden designers have used the method of nborrowing scenery with a mirror (镜子)" to create a sense of (7) s pace .A mirror is hung opposite a window to take in the outside scenery.A fine example of this is Pian Shi Shan Fang, a rockery in He Garden, Yangzhou.A big mirror is built into the wall of its west corridor.The whole garden will be (8) s een in the mirror wherever the visitors are.A pool or a lake in a garden (9) a Iso serves this purpose.A pool runs from south to north through the garden of Pian Shi Shan Fang.East of the rockery, a man - made moon is reflected (彳到映)in the (10) p ool .Whatever methods used, every effort is made to achieve the purpose of giving visitors a sense of space in the garden.【考点】首字母阅读填空.【分析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍中国园林的特点和风格。【解答】(1) traditional ,考查的是形容词，句意：中国园林是中国传统文化和艺术的一 种特殊形式。根据"Chinese gardens are a special form of tChinese culture and art."和常识 可知，”传统的"符合语境，作定语修饰Chinese culture and art,故填：traditional。(2) when,考查的是连词，这是为了给你一种紧张的感觉，以便之后当你转过大厅看到 惊人的岩层和一个大湖时产生意想不到的喜悦。分析"This is to give you a pressed - in feeling, in order to later produce unexpected joy wyou turn around the hall to see the amazing rock formations (假山)and a big lake."可知，“当 时”符合语境,用 when 引导 时间状语从句，故填：wheno(3) example,考查的是名词，句意：最好的例子就是颐和园。分析"The best eis the Summer Palace."可知,“例子”符合语境,此前有the best修饰，使用名词单数,故填： exampleo(4) important,考查的是形容词，句意：岩层在中式园林的设计中起着重要的作用。分 析“Rock formations play an irole in the design of a Chinese - style garden."可知，“重要的” 符合语境，play an important role”起到重要作用"，故填：important。(5) its,考查的是物主代词，句意：扬州个园以四季假山而闻名。分析"Ge Garden in Yangzhou is famous for i-Four Seasons Rockeries (假山花园),”可知，此处指"Ge Gardenn, 用it代替，作定语修饰“Four Seasons Rockeries”，用形容词性物主代词形式，故填：its。(6) gardens,考查的是名词，句意：南方的花园大多是小的。根据"Gin the south are mostly small in size和全文描述可知，"花园”符合语境，根据“are”可知,应用名词复数, 故填：Gardens o(7) space,考查的是名词，句意：中国园林设计师采用”借镜取景”的方法来营造一种空 间感。分析"Chinese garden designers have used the method of 'borrowing scenery with a mirror (镜子)，to create a sense of s”可知，是营造空间感，a sense of space"一种空间感 二故填:space。(8) seen,考查的是被动语态，句意：无论游客在哪里，整个花园都能映入镜子。根据 "The whole garden will be sin the mirror wherever the visitors are."可知，“看到"符合语境, 主语是动作的承受者，用被动语态，will be done一般将来时的被动语态，故填：seen。(9) also,考查的是副词，句意：花园里的水池或湖泊也可以起到这个作用。根据前文 和”A pool or a lake in a garden aserves this purpose.”可知,此处表示"也“，用于句中，故 填：alsoo(10) pool,考查的是形容词，句意：在假山的东面，有一个人造的月亮映在水池里。 根据前文"Apool or a lake in a garden a- serves this purpose.”可知，“池塘”符合语境，根据 na man - made moon is reflected (倒映)inthep”可知，此处特指表单数，故填：pool。【点评】首先要了解文章大意，理解句子含义，还要注意词形变化。6. (2021 南京)The problem some people have with homework is not that they find it too hard, or that it takes too long, but that they (1) f orget what they have to do and for when.This may be because they don't write down exactly what (2)n eeds to be done, or don't make a note of when it has to be handed in.If you have a planner for school, make good (3) u se of it to record what you need to do.If not, use a diary or notebook to make notes of what has to be handed in and (4) whenYou could set up an 'in - tray* system, so you can see what is (5) w aited to be done.This is a tray or shallow box where you put your homework each night until you are (6) r eady to do it.Although no one exactly looks forward to doing homework, you will get it done more efficiently (高效士也) if you are well (7) o rganized and have time and space to concentrate (专注)on it.For example, if your homework involves (需要)going online and you don't have your (8)o wn computer, make sure you 'book* some time on the family computer, or can use one in your school library.If you have space, set up a homework 'office' (9) a lone at home with a table or desk and a comfortable chair.lt should have good light, a place for your books, and your homework 'tool kit'.It helps to get into a habit of doing homework early in the evening, and not (10)1 eave it until the last minute at weekends.After you've done it, reward yourself with some fun 'down -time' activities, such as some television or social networking time.tray【考点】首字母阅读填空.【分析】文章主要介绍了托盘式系统来完成作业，介绍了它的具体做法与好处。【解答】（1） forget.考查动词。根据句意，一些人与作业的问题不是他们发现它太难，或 者要花太长时间，而是他们他们要做什么且什么时候做。结合空缺处，以f开头，可 知需要填入一个动词，表示“忘记”，用forget.结合时态是一般现在时态，主语是they,所 以用动词原形forget。故答案为forget。（2） needs.考查动词。根据句意，这个可能是因为他们不详细地写下什么做，或者没 有做好笔记什么时候要交。结合空缺处，以n开头，可知需要填入一个动词，表示”需要 二用need.结合时态用一般现在时态，且前面有what,所以用needso故答案为needso（3） use.考查名词。根据句意，如果你有一个很好的学校计划，充分它来记录里你需 要做什么。结合空缺处，以u开头，可知需要填入一个名词，表示“利用“，用use.构成固定搭配make good use of表示"充分利用”。故答案为use。(4) when.考查特殊疑问词。根据句意，如果你有一个很好的学校计划，充分利用它来 记录里你需要做什么。如果没有，用一本日记本或者笔记本来记录下哪些需要上交且 结合空缺处，以w开头，可知需要填入一个特殊疑问词，表示“什么时候二用when。故 答案为wheno(5) waited.考查动词。根据句意，你可以设立一个托盘式系统，所以你可以看到什么是 要做的。结合空缺处，以w开头，可知需要填入一个动词，表示“等待“，用wait.结合 前面有is,可知需要用被动语态，所以需要用动词的过去分词，用waited。故答案为waited。(6) ready.考查形容词。根据句意，这是一个托盘你或者浅盒子，你可以每天晚上放你 的作业上去知道你做它。结合空缺处，以r开头，可知需要用固定搭配be ready to do sth 表示”准备好做某事”，所以填入ready。故答案为ready。(7) organized,考查动词。根据句意，虽然没有人真的期待做作业，但是你如果很好地 且有时间和空间专注它的话就会更高效地完成它。结合空缺处，以。开头，可知需要填 入一个动词，表示"组织，安排、用。rganize.结合这里需要用被动语态，所以用动词的过 去分词 organizedo 故答案为 organizedo(8) own.考查形容词。根据句意，比方，如果你的作业需要上网而你没有你的电脑。 结合空缺处，以o开头，可知需要用固定搭配one，own表示“某人自己的"，填入own.故 答案为own。(9) alone.考查副词。根据句意，如果你有空间，在家设置一个作业办公室，可以带 一张桌子或凳子和一个舒服的椅子。结合空缺处，以a开头，可知需要填入一个副词， 表示“单独"，用alone.故答案为aloneo(10) leave.考查动词。根据句意，它帮助在晚上早点时候养成做作业的习惯，且不会 它直到周末的最后一分钟。结合空缺处，以1开头，可知需要填入一个动词，表示“留下”, 用leave。结合前面并歹U的是to get into habit of doing homework。所以用动词原形。故答 案为leaveo【点评】(1) forget. (2) needs. (3) use. (4) when. (5) waited. (6) ready. (7) organized. (8) own. (9) alone. (10) leave.7. (2021 泰州)Sometimes, children cant keep a single bit of information in their mind while they are doing something else.If so, they may have problems with their working memory.lt is an important (1 )s kill for children.Here are some (2)t ips to help improve children's working memory.Read actively.They may form long - term (长时间的)memories more (3) e asily when children take part in active reading.Active reading (4) i ncludes not only asking notes, but also speaking aloud and asking questions about the material that they are reading.Use visualization (形象化)skills.When reading something, ask children to imagine the scene of the story and (5) d escribe it.For example, ask them to set a table for a few people and have a (6) p icture in their mind, and then have a description.Ask them to teach others.Teaching (7) a nother person means being able to understand the information well before saying it aloud.When children are learning a new skill, ask them to show others (8) h ow to do it.They should be able to explain it to others.Moreover, there are lots of matching games that can be (9)p layed to improve their working memory, or you can use something simple (10) 1 ike a magazine or a newspaper.Have them find a certain word as many times as they can in one minute.【考点】首字母阅读填空.【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者主要介绍了如何帮助孩子们提高他们工作记忆力的一 些建议。【解答】(1) skill.考查名词。根据文中 Sometimes, children cant keep a single bit of information in their mind while they are doing something else.If so, they may have problems with their working memory.可知有时候，孩子在做别的事情时，脑子里一点信息都记不住， 如果是这样，他们的工作记忆可能会有问题，工作记忆力对孩子来说是一个重要的技能， 首字母是s, skill表示技巧、技能，可数名词单数。其次不定冠词an后跟名词单数形式 即可，故答案是：ski是(2) tips.考查名词。根据下文中 Read activelyUse visualization (形象化)skillsAsk them to teach others-Moreover, there are lots of matching games,可知这些者K是作者关于如何提高孩子们工作记忆力的一些建议，其中首字母是3 tip表示建议，可数名词单数。其次some表示一些，后跟可数名词复数形式，故答案是：tips。(3) easily,考查副词。根据文中Read actively.可知作者建议积极阅读，因为当孩子积极 阅读的时候，他们可能会更容易地形成长时间的记忆，划线处缺一个副词和more构成副 词比拟级，修饰动词form,其中首字母是e, easy表示简单的、容易的，其副词是easily, 故答案是：easilyo(4) includes.考查动词。根据文中 not only asking notes, but also speaking aloud and asking questions about the material that they are reading.可知积极阅读不仅包括做笔记，而且也包 括大声地读和询问他们正在读的材料的问题，划线处缺一个动词作谓语，其中首字母是i, include表示包括、包含。其次本文时态是一般现在时，其结构是主语+动词原形，此处 主语Active reading是第三人称单数，那么谓语应用第三人称单数形式，故答案是：includeso(5) ) describe.考查动词。