湖南省长沙市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期入学考试英语试题.docx

2022-2023-1长沙市一中高三上入学考试英语第一局部听力（共两节，总分值30分）略第二局部阅读（共两节，总分值40分）第一节（共U小题；每题2.5分，总分值27.5分）阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最正确选项。James Dyson is the inventor of the cyclone（气旋）Dyson vacuum cleaner that completely transformed the way vacuum cleaners are designed. Traditional vacuum cleaners would suck up air and dust using a fan and then the dust was filtered by the pores（气孑L） in the bag. The dust stayed in the bag and the air escaped. The problem with that design was that the pores in the bag very quickly get blocked with the dust, the air couldn't escape and so the sucking power and cleaning efficiency drops.Dyson's cyclone technology doesn't use any bags at all. Air is sucked into a plastic cone-shaped object. The dust is separated from the air thanks to centrifugal forces（离心力）.The dust falls to the bottom and is collected in a tray and pure air escapes. No blocking, no loss of suction and no smells.It took him 15 years of his life and over 5,000 prototypes working in his garage to come up with a working model! Completing the design of the cyclone cleaner was just the start of Dyson's incredible story. You would think that the manufacturers of traditional cleaners would have been eager to do a deal with Dyson in order to license his superior product. 一 Wrong!From their short-sighted perspective, they didn't want to pay Dyson licensing fees for his invention because that would reduce their net profit. In their opinion, they could just carry on with their inferior product and continue making their massive profits. They refused to do business with Dyson, certain that his invention would go away without their investment.Most people would have just given up there. Not Dyson. He made the decision to start his own manufacturing company and to beat them at their own game. In 1993, he set up a factory in the UK to produce the Dyson Dual Cyclone and then started advertising it directly to the British public using TV ads with the slogan “Say goodbye to the bag”. It was a huge success and went on to outsell cleaners made by the very same manufacturers that had rejected him. Sweet revenge.1. What is the major difference between Dyson's product and other vacuum cleaners?A. It uses fewer bags.C. It allows for the free flow of air.B. It produces less noise.D. It sucks up air and dust using a fan.2. Why didn't the manufacturers cooperate with Dyson?A. Because the public were not interested in his ads.B. Because Dyson had already set up his own company.C. Because they believed his product was less profitable.D Because they thought their existing products were superior.3. What qualities contributed to Dyson's success?A. Teamwork spirit and generosity.B. Commitment and persistence.C. Integrity and kindness.D. Punctuality and creativity.BMusic makes life better in many ways. The fact that music can make a difficult task more tolerable may be why students often choose to listen to it while doing their homework. But is listening to music the smart choice for students who want to optimize their learning? A new study suggests that for some students, listening to music is a wise strategy, but for others, it isn't. The effect of music on cognitive(认知的)functioning appears to depend partly on your personality - specifically, on your need for external stimulation.Researchers not only assessed listeners9 personality but also changed the difficulty of the task and the complexity of the music. Participants first completed a personality test used to determine the need for external stimulation. They then engaged in an easy cognitive task (searching for the letter A in lists of words) and a more challenging one (remembering word pairs). Participants finished both tasks under one of two sound conditions: (1) no music, (2) with music.The data suggest that for those with a high need of external stimulation, on the simple task of finding A's, such subjects' scores for the music condition were significantly worse than those fbr the silent condition. On the complex task of learning word pairs, their performance was worse whenever music was played. For those with a low need of external stimulation, however, on the simple task of findings A's, such participants? scores fbr the music condition were dramatically better than those for the silent condition. On the complex task of learning word pairs, the participants showed a small but reliable benefit when listening to music.According to the study, there are substantial individual differences in the impact of music on cognitive function, resulting in personalized recommendations regarding its presence in the classroom. Students who are easily bored and who seek out stimulation should be cautious of adding music to the mix. On the other hand, students with a low need for stimulation may benefit significantly from the presence of music.With the right personality, the right music and the right task, the presence of music may significantly improve cognitive functioning. Given the benefits of music, subscription to Spotify just might pay for itself.4. What can we learn about the study in paragraph 2?A. It only involved the participants9 response to music.B. The difficulty of the two tasks decreased in the experiment.C. Participants completed two tasks when composing songs.D. Participants were grouped by their need for external stimulation.5. What can we infer from the results shown in paragraphs 3-4?A. The complexity of tasks might reduce the benefit of music.B. Students should listen to music when performing complex tasks.C. Students with less external stimulation perform badly with music.D. The presence of music suits students seeking for external stimulation.6. What might the underlined word “Spotify" be?A. A psychology journal.B. A music platform.C. A travel guide.D. A personality test.7. What could be the best title for the article?A. Why is music essential in your study?B. Is music beneficial to your personality?C. Does music boost your cognitive performance?D. How can music affect your external stimulation?CGeothermal（地热的）power generation is one of our most stable renewable energy resources. Heat generated below the Earth's surface can provide an almost unlimited supply to power and heat homes. And while geothermal electricity only accounts fbr around one percent of global generation, that is set to at least triple by 2050.The Geysers in California is the world's largest geothermal electricity complex. It produces enough electricity from its 18 power plants for 725,000 homes, totaling 20 percent of the state's renewable energy. Superheated "dry steam is channeled from a large sandstone reservoir heated by a large magma chamber（岩浆房）more than four miles beneath the surface.Heat is captured from its passage through the rock and the heated water converts into electricity. Cooled water is then recycled and pumped back to gather more heat. EGS （enhanced geothermal systems） technologies will open up many more sites fbr geothermal energy. "You can effectively put a power plant anywhere J said Will Pettit, director of the Geothermal Resources Council. "All you have to do is drill（钻孑L） deep enough and you will find hot rock.Most geothermal plants actually use a flash steam technique, where hot water （at 360F or 180C） is drawn up, passed into lower pressure tanks and "flashed9 into steam to power a turbine（涡轮机）.Binary cycle（双元循环）plants are the growth technology because they can operate at lower water temperatures and more diverse geographical locations. They use moderately hot water to heat a secondary fluid with a lower boiling point as low as 135F to drive turbines.Geothermal plants already emit 11 times less carbon dioxide per unit of electricity than the average US coal power plant. They can also operate 24 hours a day to provide a solid base load for homes and businesses.There are drawbacks too Seismic activity around drilling wells is a factor. High investment costs are another.But the US government is backing the sector with multi-million dollar funds to push forward advanced EGS research. Geothermal energy is set to play a big part in the low-carbon electricity future.8. What do Will Pettit's words suggest in paragraph 3?A. It takes great effort to develop geothermal power.B. Geothermal power development is money-consuming.C. Geothermal power plants can be set up in certain places.D. More geothermal energy can be found with advanced technology.9. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. Power plants are not affected by water.B. Hot water is used to power a turbine directly.C. Binary cycle plants are less restricted to locations.D. A flash steam technique is a must in geothermal plants. 10. What is the main idea of the article?A. Iraditional power has been replaced by geothermal power in America.B. Businesses are competing to gain an advantage in geothermal power.C. Geothermal power is likely to be the best chance to sustainable power.D. EGS technologies have come into widespread application around the world.11. What is the writer's attitude towards geothermal power?A. Optimistic.B. Pessimistic.C. Indifferent.D. Concerned.第二节（共5小题；每题2.5分，总分值12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。As time goes on, neuroscientists learn more about the wonders of human brains. The deeper understanding offers ways to enhance your brain to work in your favor. You don't have to be a brain scientist to do it!12When you hear the word hack, you might be reminded of the snaky computer science term. Computer hackers need to understand the inner workings of a computer to break into its system.13 They needto know how the brain works to change its neural network. With this knowledge, people have come up with ways to optimize brain performance and stick to healthier habits.Neurohackers use their knowledge of how the brain works to change though patterns, like daily habits. Doing this requires understanding the way habits form in the brain. Whenever you repeat a task, the brain connects its wires together between brain cells. Over time, these habits become hardwired into the brains.1 4 They help carry out simple everyday tasks without much thought or attention. The trouble comes up when your brain wires unhealthy habits, such as negative self-talk.15 You need to rewire! And that requires mindfulness - a conscious awareness ofyour brain9s behaviors and patterns at the very moment when they occur. In this way, you can change those habits in the direction that you want.Below the conscious mind lives the subconscious, a deeper mental space that hosts what you have previously engraved into your mind.16 Then, you can "hack" brain patterns, train thoughts towardpositive circuits, and slowly develop healthier habits over time.A. Find out what neurohacking is.B. The same goes for neurohackers.C. Just learn how to hack your brain.D. How can you improve your mindfulness?E. How do you change those undesirable habits?F. Habits free up our brains so that we can learn new things.G. With proper practices, you'll build a deeper awareness of your own brain.第三局部语言运用（共三节，总分值40分） 第一节（共15小题；每题1分，总分值15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。My son had just gotten his driving license. On the way home, I 17 the car to a side road,unfastened my seat belt, and 18 places with him. “Okay,“ I said. "I want you to drive home.”Sitting behind the steering wheel his body looked tense and 19. “Mom J he said quietly, "I can'tdo this. Vm not ready.“It's okay,“ I said. "You're 20 going to feel ready. At some point, you just have to go for it.”“NoJ he took a deep breath and 21 my father words. “Don't ever apologize for knowing yourlimits. You told me that!”For a brief moment, time 22. I saw the very old photograph forever 23 in mymemory. It shows my family standing arm in arm and 24 for the camera, with the then tallest rollercoaster（过山车）we decided to ride together in the background. No one knew I was 25 terrified. I justdidn't want to be the one to stay behind. We 26 our way up the line and finally reached the end.Suddenly, my body was stiff with 27, and I knew: I just couldn't do it.Too 28 to face my family, I simply called over my shoulder to Dad that I was leaving. Dadasked me what happened. "I guess I was too chicken. Sorry. What Dad said next 29 surprised me.“Don't ever apologize fbr knowing your limits/, he said. "And don't let someone make you do something you're not comfortable with. Vm proud of you fbr the choice you made." This was the exact 30 of what Iexpected him to say.Instantly, I understood exactly how my son felt. Knowing the limits isn't an 31 of weakness.It's actually a sign of strength.17. A. plugged inB. pulled overC. stepped inD. swung over18. A. tradedB. providedC. sharedD. refreshed19. A. immatureB. indifferentC. uncomfortableD. irrelevant20. A. alwaysB. surelyC. foreverD. never21. A. expectedB. wonderedC. recalledD. imagined22. A. passedB. fadedC. frozeD. flew23. A. pressedB. draftedC. polishedD. carved24. A. lookingB. applyingC. smilingD. inquiring25. A. scarcelyB. secretlyC. similarlyD. still26. A. inchedB. foundC. ledD. bounced27. A. regretB. fearC.sadnessD. dizziness28. A. embarrassedB. disappointedC. discouragedD. pessimistic29 A. hardlyB. completelyC. normallyD. rarely30. A. remarkB. commentC. comfortD. opposite31. A. assumptionB. introductionC. anticipationD. indication第二节（共10小题；每题L5分，总分值15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Navigating human emotions can sometimes feel like walking through minefields(布雷区)，especially when these emotions are negative.Envy is one of such emotions with certain negativity when it 32(direct) at our lovedones. However, just like all other emotions, envy is human and normal and its morality depends on33 we do with the way we feel. It only becomes negative when it is handleda weapon or an excuse for bad behaviour.Envy could cause serious damage to relationships if 35(leave) to worsen, becausepeople dislike to admit they feel that way towards someone they love, which tends to get worse and transforms into 36(hate) when you silently think over it.It's impractical to completely prevent envy, but it is possible to refine the way we process it. Envy is not something to hide away. Being honest with ourselves about the way we feel 37(help) usbetter understand what exactly were envious of and makes communicating with our partners 38(easy).We have all 39(collective) got better at processing our emotions but there's still a lot ofwork to be done. The goal is to get to a point 40 discussing envy becomes as casual asdiscussing excitement and can serve as 41 motivator in our life.第三节(共10小题；每题1分，总分值10分) 阅读以下句子，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。42. Although the library was open to everyone, all