考研英语二2009-2017历年真题及答案解析.docx

2009年考研英语二真题Section II Close(10%)Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage ,there are four choices marked A, B,C, and D. Choose thebest one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 with a pencil.(10points)Inl999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. By 2008, it had(21)the $100 a barrel mark. The reasons for the surge (22) from the dramatic growth of the economies of china and India to widespread (23) in oil-producing regions, including Iraq and Nigeria*s delta region.Triple-digit oil prices have (24) the economic and political map of the world,(25)some old notions of power. Oil-rich nations are enjoying historic gains and opportunities,(26)major importers-including chinaand India, home to a third of the world*s population-(27)rising economic and social costs.Managing this new order is fast becoming a central (28) ofglobal politics. Countries that need oil are clawing at each other to (29) scarce supplies, andare willing to deal with any government,(30) how unpleasant, to do it .In many poor nations with oil, the profits are being Jost to corruption,(31) these countries of their best hope for development. And oil is fueling enormous investment funds run by foreign governments,(32) some in the west see as a new threat.Countries like Russia, Venezuela and Iran are well supplied with rising oil 33, a changereflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. But some unexpected countries are reaping benefits,(34) costs, from higher prices. Consider Germany.(35) it imports virtually all its oil, ithas prospered from extensive trade with a booming Russia and the Middle East. German exportsto Russia (36)128 percent from 2001 to 2006.In the United States, as already high gas prices rose (37) higher in the spring of 2008,theissue cropped up in the presidential campaign, with Senators McCain and Obama (38) for afederal gas tax holiday during the peak summer driving months. And driving habits began to(39)9as sales of small cars jumped and mass transport systems (40) the country reported asharp increase in riders.21. A. comeB. goneC. crossedD. arrived22. A. coveredB. discoveredC.arrangedD.ranged23. A. intensityB. infinityC. insecurity.instability24. A. drawnB. redrawnC. retainedD. reviewed25. A. fightingB. strugglingC. challengingD.threatenin26. A. andB. whileC. thusD. though27. A. confineB. conflictC. conformD. confront28. A. problemB. questionC. matterD. event29. A. look forB. lock upC. send outD. keep off30. A. no matterB. what ifC. only ifD. in spite of31. A. abolishingB. deprivingC. destroyingD. eliminating32. A. whatB. thatC. whichD. whom33. A. interestsB. taxesC. incomesD. revenues34. A. as many asB. as good asC. as far asD. as well as35. A. AlthoughB. BecauseC. SinceD. As36. A. advancedB. grewC. reducesD. multiplie37. A. evenB. stillC.ratherD. fairly38. A. askingB. requestingC. callingD. demanding39. A. changeB. turnC. shiftD. transform46. A. forB. fromC. acrossD. OverPart III Reading Comprehension (40%)Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Youshould decide on the best choice. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha pencil.PASSAGE1.Henric Ibsen ,author of the playMA Doll's House*, in which a pretty, helpless housewifeabandons .Her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved.From January 1st ,2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% oftheir board directors are women. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2OO3.Butabout 75 out of the 480 or so companies it affects are still too male for the govemmenfs liking.They will shortly receive a letter informing them that they have until the end of February to act,or face the legal consequences-which could include being dissolved.Before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in Norway were female , according tothe Centre for Corporate Diversity .The number has since jumped to 36%. That is far higher thanthe average of 9% for big companies across Europe or America*s 15% for the Fortune500.Norway*s stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do manybusinessmen.*' I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle/* says SverreMunck , head of international operations at a media firm. nBoard members of public companiesshould be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience,nbe says. Several firms have evengiven up their public status in order to escape the new law.Companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. Many complain that it has beendifficult to find experienced candidates. Because of this, some of the best women have collected asmany as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the “goldenskirts*1. One reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management inNorwegian companiesthey occupy around 15% of senior positions. It has been particularly hardfor firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with a enough experience.Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, andthat in turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. Recenthistory in Norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors. MWomenfeel more compelled than men to do their homework/* says Ms Reksten Skaugen , who was votedNorway's chairman of the year for 2007,“and we can afford to ask the hard questions, becausewomen are not always expected to know the answers.1141. The author mentions Ibsen*s play in the first paragraph in order to?.A. depict women*s dilemma at workB. explain the newly passed lawC. support Norwegian governmentD. introduce the topic under discussion42. A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to?.A. pay a heavy fineB. close down its businessC. change to a private businessD. sign a document promising to act43. To which of the following is Sverre Munck most likely to agree?A. A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonable.B. A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set.C. A common principle should be followed by all companies.D. An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.44.The author attributes the phenomenon of ''golden skirts11 to?.A. the small number of qualified females in managementB. the over-recruitment of female managers in public companiesC. the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positionsD. the discrimination toward women in Norwegian business circles45. The main idea of the passage might be?.A. female power and liberation in NorwayB. the significance of Henric Ibsen's playC. women's status in Norwegian firmsD. the constitution of board members in NorwayPASSAGE2While there*s never a good age to get cancer, people in their 20s and 30s can feel particularlyisolated. The average age of a cancer patient at diagnosis is 67. Children with cancer often aretreated at pediatric （小儿科的）cancer centers, but young adults have a tough time finding peers,often sitting side-by-side during treatments with people who could be their grandparents.In her new book Crazy Sexy Cancer Tips, writer Kris Carr looks at cancer from the perspectiveof a young adult who confronts death just as she's discovering life. Ms. Carr was 31 when she wasdiagnosed with a rare from of cancer that had generated tumors on her liver and lungs.Ms. Carr reacted with the normal feelings of shock and sadness. She called her parents andstocked up on organic food, determined to become a Mfull-time healing addict.* Then she pickedup the phone and called everyone in her address book, asking if they knew other young womenwith cancer. The result was her own personal "cancer posse”: a rock concert tour manager, amodel, a fashion magazine editor, a cartoonist and a MTV celebrity, to name a few. This club of?Hcancer babes* offered support, advice and fashion tips, among other things.Ms. Carr put her cancer experience in a recent Learning Channel documentary, and she haswritten a practical guide about how she coped. Cancer isn't funny, but Ms. Carr often is. Sheswears, she makes up names for the people who treat her ( Dr. Fabulous and Dr. Guru ), and sheeven makes second sound fun ("cancer road trips/* she calls them).She leaves the medical advice to doctors, instead offering insightful and practical tips that reflectthe world view of a young adult."I refused to let cancer ruin my party/* she writes. n There arejust too many cool things to do and plan and live for.”Ms. Carr still has cancer, but it has stopped progressing. Her cancer tips include usingtime-saving mass e-mails to keep friends informed, sewing or buying fashionable hospital gownsso you're not stuck with regulation blue or gray and playing Gloria Gaynor*s "I Will Survive* soloud you neighbors call the police. Ms. Carr also advises an eyebrow wax and a new outfit beforeyou tell the important people in your illness. H people you tell are going to cautious and not socautiously try to see the cancer, so dazzle them instead with your miracle/* she writes.While her advice may sound superficial, it gets to the heart of what every cancer patient wants:the chance to live life just as she always did, and maybe better.46. Which of the following groups is more vulnerable to cancer?A. Children.B. People in their 20s and 30s.C. Young adults.D. Elderly people.47. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT.A. Kris Carr is a female writerB. Kris Carr is more than 31-year-old.C. Kris Carr works in a cancer center.D. Kris Carr is very optimistic.48. The phrase "cancer posse*(Line 4, para.3) probably refers toA. a cancer research organizationB. a group of people who suffer from cancerC. people who have recovered from cancerD. people who cope with cancer49. Kris Carr make up names for the people who treat her becauseA. she is depressed and likes swearingB. she is funny and likes playing jokes on doctorC. she wants to leave the medical advice to doctorD. she tries to leave a good impression on doctor50. From Kris Carr*s cancer tips we may infer thatA. she learned to use e-mails after she got cancerB. she wears fashionable dress even after suffering from cancerC. hospital gowns for cancer patients are usually not in bright colorsD. the neighbors are very friendly with cancer patientsPASSAGESQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:Should a leader strive to be loved or feared?This question,famously posed by Machiavellijies atthe heart of Joseph Nye*s new book.Mr.Nye,a former dean of the Kennedy School of Governmentat Harvard and one-time chairman of America's National Intelligence Council, best known forpromoting the idea of "soft power*,based on persuasion and influence's a counterpoint to "hardpower,*,based on coercion（强迫）and force.Having analyzed the use of soft and hard power in politics and diplomacy in his previousbooks,Mr.Nye has now turned his attention to the relationship between power and leadershipjnboth the political and business spheres.Machiavelli,he notes,concluded that Mone ought to be bothfeared and loved,but as it is difficult for the two to go together,it is much safer to be feared thanloved."In short,hard power is preferable to soft power.But modem leadership theorists have cometo the opposite conclusion.The context of leadership is changing,the observe,and the historical emphasis on hard power isbecoming outdated.In modem companies and democracies,power is increasingly difTused andtraditional hierarchies（等级制）are being undermined9iriaking soft power ever moreimportant.But that does not mean coercion should now take a back seat to persuasion.Mr.Nyeargues.Instead,he advocates a synthesis of these two views.The conclusion of The Powers toLead ,his survey of the theory of leadership's that a combination of hard and soft power,which hecallssmart power”,is the best approach.The dominant theoretical model of leadership at the moment is 9apparently9the a transformationalleadership pattern w .Anone allergic（反感）to management term will already be running for theexit9but Mr,Nye has performed a valuable service in rounding up and summarizing the variousacademic studies and theories of leadcriship into a single9slim volume.He examines differentapproaches to leadership,the morality of leadership and how the wider context can determine theeffectiveness of a particular leader.There are plenty of anecdotes and examples,both historical andcontemporary9political and corporate.Alsajeadership is a slippery subject,and as he depicts various theories,even Mr.Nye never quitenails the jelly to the wall.He is at his most interesting when discussing the moral aspects ofleadershipin particular,the question of whether it is sometimes necessary for good leaders? to lie-and he provides a helpful 12-point summary of his conclusions.A recuming theme is that ascircumstances change,different sorts of leaders are required;a leader who thrives in oneenvironment may struggle in another,and vice versa.UItiinately that is just a fancy way of sayingthat leadership offers no easy answers.51 .From the first two paragraphs we may learn than Mr.MachiavelIi*s idea of hard power isA.well accepted by Joseph NyeB.very influential till nowadaysC.based on sound theoriesD.contrary to that of modem leadership theorists52 .Which of the following makes soft power more important today according to Mr.Nye?A.Coercion is widespread.B.Morality is devalued.C.Power is no longer concentrated.D.Traditional hierarchies are strengthened1.1 1n his book the Powers to lead,Mr.Nye has exmined all the following aspects of leadershipEXCEPT.A .authorityB.contextC.approachesD.morality54 .Mr.Nye*s book is particularly valuable in that it.A.makes little use of management termsB.summarizes various studies conciselyC.serves as an exit for leadership researchersD.sets a model for contemporary corporate leaders55 .According to the author,the most interesting part of Mr.Nye*s book lies in his.A.view of changeable leadershipB.definition of good leadershipC.summary of leadership historyD.discussion of moral leadershipPASSAGE4Questions 56to 60are based on the following passage:Americans don't like to lose wars. Of course, a lot depends on how you define just what a war is.There are shooting wars-the kind