新目标七年级下册语法知识点全归纳.pdf

Unit1 语法知识点本单元谈论笔友相关的内容1.be from=come from来自于Eg:He is from Japan.=He comes from Japan.Is he from Japan?=Does he come from Japan?Where is he from?=Where does he come from?2.pen pal(复数)pen palsapple tree(复数)apple treeswoman teacher(复数)women teachersman teacher(复数)men teachers当名词修饰名词，变复数时第二个名词变复数，男女修饰名词时，都变复数。3.CountryPeopleLanguageChinaChineseChineseCanadaCanadian(s)EnglishAustraliaAustralian(s)EnglishFranceFrenchman(Frenchmen)FrenchFrenchJapanJapaneseJapaneseAmericaAmerican(s)EnglishEnglandEnglishman(Englishmen)EnglishEnglish4.就语言提问的特殊疑问词是What languageEg:He speaks English.Whatlanguage does he speak?5.favorite=like best 最喜欢Eg:My favorite color is red.=I like red bestWhats your favorite color?=What color do you like best?6.live in+地点eg:He lives in Shanghai.Where does he live?7.want:want+n.eg:I want a new pen.want to do sth想要做某事eg:I want to buy a new pen.want sb.to do sth想要某人做某事eg:I want you to buy a new pen.注：want=would like8.interest:n.兴趣adj.interesting interested两个词的区别：The book is interesting.主语必须是物（the book）I am interested in English.主语必须是人（I）短语：sb.be interested in sth 某人对某物感兴趣。9.country 可数名词many countries许多国家Eg：There are many countries in the world.10.时间前面的介词：at in onat+点at 7:00in+月份 年 in Mayin 2008in May，2008in the eveningon+星期具体的时间 on Sundayon May 2,2008on the Sunday evening11.a little 一点+不可数名词little几乎没有+不可数名词a few一点+可数名词few几乎没有+可数名词eg:There is a little water in the glass.Can I drink?I have a few friends in my class.There is little milk,lets buy some.I have few lessons on weekends.注：a little+adjEg:He is a little shy.12.like to do sth.偶尔喜欢做某事like doing sth一直喜欢做某事I like singing,but I dont like to sing today.13.with 表示“和”同 and 表示“和”的区别He and I go shopping every day.(He and I 做主语，2 人)He with me goes shopping every day.(He 做主语，不看 with 后面)=He goes shopping with me every day.and 不用于否定句和疑问句中，表示和时用or.14.too:放在肯定句中句末表示“也”Eg：Nice to meet you,too.too+形容词表示“太”Eg:She is too beautiful.15.write to sb.给某人写信Eg：Can you write to me soon?16.tell sb.about sth.告诉某人关于某物Eg：Please tell me about your study.17.dislike=dont likedislikes=doesnt like18.选择疑问句：构成：一般疑问句用or 连接选择的部分-Is it a pen or a pencil?-Its a pen.19.四说：speak:强调说某种语言的能力。say:强调说的内容tell:告诉，讲述 tell sb.to do sth 告诉某任做某事tell sb about sth 告诉某人关于某事talk:谈话talk towith sb同某人谈话Unit2 语法知识点本单元谈论问通往某地的路就地点提问的特殊疑问词用：whereWheres the post office?The post office isnext to the school.in front of the school.behindthe school.across fromthe school.between the library and the school.即：主语+be+方位介词+某地询问地点的表达：Wheres the post office?Is there a post office near here?Can you tell me where the post office is?Can you tell me how to get to the post office.Can you tell me the way to the post office?注：the way（to）+地点表示通往.的路如果地点是副词如 home、here、there 等 to 必须省略)the way homeherethereon ones way(to)+地点在某人通往某地的路上in the neighborhood在周围、在附近go straight一直向前走turn leftright向左右转on the leftright 在左右侧take a walk散步welcome to 欢迎到go down 沿着走enjoy:enjoy+doing sth喜欢高兴做某事enjoy+oneself使自己高兴=have fun doing sth=have a good timeEg:I enjoy swimming.I have fun swimming.5.begin:v.开始n.beginningthe beginning of的开始6.某地It+be aan+adj.place to do sth.某地它是一个做某事的的地方Eg：It is an good place to play.7.到达的表达：arrive in+大地点We arrive in Beijing.at+小地点We arrive at school.get to+地点reach+地点8.let sb.do sth.让某人做某事Let him go to school.let sb.not do sth让某人不做某事Let him not go to school.9.cross:v.交叉acrossprep 通过crossing n.交叉口throughacrossthrough 强调有障碍物的通过立体穿过across强调十字交叉的通过平面穿过10.closev.关闭 v.open 打开closedadj.关着的openadj.开着的keep sth closedopen使.关着开着11.hope:希望 hope to do sth.希望做某事I hope to visit the Great Wall.hope+(that)从句I hope that I can visit the Great Wall.注：不可以说 hope sb.to do sthwish 希望 wish sb.to do sth wish to do sth wish+(that)从句Unit3 语法知识点本单元谈论喜欢何种动物及原因kind:副词 kind of+adj.=a little+adj.表示“一点，几分”Eg：They are kind of smart.名词:a kind of+可数名词表示“一种”two kinds of+可数名词表示“两种”all kinds of+可数名词表示“各种各样”形容词：和蔼的Eg:The old man is kind.2.play with和玩I like playing with Tom.Dont play with fire.3.祈使句：表示请求或命令的语气。肯定构成：（Please）+V 原+其它Please come in.V 原+其它,（Please）Come in,please.否定构成：Dont+(Please）+V 原+其它Please dont come in.Dont+V 原+其它,（Please）Dont come in,please.4.during the day在白天at night在晚上5.relaxv.放松（当主语是第三人称单数时relax 变为 relaxes）adj.relaxing主语是物relaxed主语是人6.friend:n.朋友adj.friendly 友好的be friendly to sb.对某人友好The teacher is friendly to her students.在英语中以-ly 结尾的词为副词，如：usually,really,carefully等。但有特殊：friendly,lovely为形容词形容词修饰名词放于名词前adj+nbeautiful girl副词修饰动词、形容词和副词adv+adjvery beautifulv.+advthanks a lot7.表示征求对方意见的表达：Why not+do sth为什么不?Why not go to the zoo?HowWhat about doing sth?怎么样？What about going to thezoo?8.比较下面的句子：He is a 12-year-old boy.有连字符的做定语，名词用单数The boy is 12 years old.无连字符的做表语9.反意疑问句：征求对方的看法或意见。以 Lets 开始的反意疑问句，固定用 shall we?10.感叹句的表达：What aan+adj+可数名词单数+代词+谓语What a beautiful girl she is!How+adj+the+可数名词单数+谓语How beautiful the girl is!Unit4 语法知识点本单元谈论询问对方的职业询问对方职业的表达：What do you do?What does he do?What are you?What is he?Whats your job?Whats his job?回答：主语+be+职业work:v.工作work with sb.sth.同某人工作同某物打交道.He works in a restaurant.=He is a waiter.He works with money.他同钱打交到.n.工作不可数名词著作可数名词job:n.工作可数名词give sb.sth.=give sth.to sb.给某人某物=把某物给某人Eg:Please give Zhaoming the pen.=Please give the pen to Zhaoming.4.help:n.不可数名词Please give me some help.v.help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人做某事help sb.with sth.doing sth在某方面帮助某人He helps me(to)study math.=He helps me with math.5.talk towith sb同某人谈话。in the day在白天at night在晚上go out to dinners外出就餐be busy(in)doing sth.忙于做某事He is busy in studying the math.7.hard:adv.努力地;刻苦地He studies hard.hardly:adv.几乎不I hardly have lessons on weekends.have a job for sb.as+职业给某人提供一个职业的工作We have a job for Tom as a teacher.news:消息不可数名词a piece of newstwo pieces of news10.in hospital in the hospitalin hospital住院He is ill,he is in hospital.in the hospital在医院里 My mother works in the hospital.Unit5 语法知识点本单元学习现在进行时态：现在进行时：强调此时此刻正在做的事情。翻译为正在做Look、listen、now 是现在进行时的标志。肯定构成：主语+be(am、is、are)+ving+其他I am watching TV.否定构成：主语+be(am、is、are)+not+ving+其他I am not watching TV.疑问构成：Be+(am、is、are)+主语+vin+其他Yes,主语+beNo,主语+be+notAre you watching TV?Yes,I am.No,I am not.注意：He watching TV.(错)因为无 be 动词He is watch TV.(错)因为没变现在分词Ving:现在分词变化规则：+ingwatch-watching不发音的 e 结尾去 e+ing重读闭音节双写辅音字母+ing以 ie 结尾的将 ie 变 y+ing2.go to movies=go to a movie 去看电影3.wait for sb.等待某人He is waiting for a bus.4.talk towith sb同说话He is taling with his friends.talk about谈论They are talking about math.talk on the phone 通过电话谈论speak to sb 对某人说话Unit6 语法知识点本单元学习询问天气的表达询问天气如何？Hows the weather?Whats the weather like?Its.n-adjsnow-snowywind-windysun-sunnycloud-cloudyrain-rainy2.Hows it going?进展如何？答语：Great.Pretty good.Not bad.Terrible.3.thank you for doing sth 感谢做某事=thanks for doing sth(注意 for 是介词介词+ing 常见的介词有 in,of,at,for,about,on 等)4.take vacation 度假take a photo=take photos 照相5.some others一些在另一些在Some are taking photos,others are lying on the beach.surprise:n.惊讶to ones surprise 使某人惊讶的是v.使惊讶的是 He surprised me.adj.surprising物surprised人7.relax:v.放松relaxes(单三形式)adj.relaxing物 relaxed人8.have a good time=have fun=enjoy doing sth=enjoy oneself9.weather:天气（不可数）What nice weather it is today!Unit7 语法知识点本单元学习学问别人的外貌look like 看起来像 look 是动词like 是介词表示“像作为动词表示“喜欢”What does he look like?=What is he like?（其中 be like既可以询问性格也可以询问外貌）答语：He is tallshort.He has long curly hair.He is of medium build.=He has a medium build.(building 建筑物)He is of medium height.=He has a medium height.the captain of 的队长 He is the captain of soccer ball team.love to do sth 喜欢做某事I love to watch TV.tell jokes 讲笑话play a joke on sb.同某人开玩笑stop:stop doing sth 停下来正在做的事stop to do sth停下来去做别的事The teacehr is coming,please stop talking.(talk)I am tired.Please stop to have(have)a rest.6.a little bit+adjadv=a little 一点He is a little bit heavy.a bit of+不可数名词=a littlewith:“和”，“留有”He is tall.He has short hair.=He is tall with short hair.rememberforget:rememberforget to do sth记着忘记将要做某事remember forget doing sth.记得忘记做了某事Please remember to close the door.(记着去关门)I remember closing the door.(我记得关门了)Unit8 语法知识点本单元学习去饭店就餐时的对话掌握下面的对话：Waiter:Can I help you?(What can I do for you?)Customer:Id(I would)like some noodles.Waiter:What kind of noodles would you like?Customer:Id like beef and tomato noodles,please.Waiter:What size bowl of noodles would you like?Customer:What sizes do you have?Waiter:Large bowl,Medium bowl,Small bowl.Customer:Medium bowl,please.want to do sth would like to do sth想要做某事的区别want 没有委婉语气，而 would like 有委婉语气want 是行为动词，而 would 是助动词Do you want to eat ice-cream?Would you like to eat ice-cream?注意：在委婉语气中的“一些”只能用some.Unit9 语法知识点过去时态：表示发生在过去时间里的动作或存在的状态。表示过去的时间状语：yesterday昨天the day before yesterday前天 two days ago两天前justnow 刚才last night yearweekmonth昨天晚上去年上周 上个月过去时态的构成：肯定公式：主语+动词过去式+其他否定公式：主语+waswere+not+其他主语+didnt+动词原形+其他疑问公式：WasWere+主语+其他？Did+主语+动词原形+其他He was a teacher two years ago.肯定句He wasnt a teacher two years ago.否定句Was he a teacher two years ago?一般疑问句I went shopping yesterday.肯定句I didnt go shopping yesterday.否定句Did you go shopping yesterday?一般疑问句动词过去式的变化规则：规则变化+edwork-worked e+dpractice-practiced辅音+y-将 y 变 iedstudy-studiedstay-stayed重读闭音节双写辅音字母+edstop-stopped不规则变化：amis-wasare-weredodoes-didhave-hadgo-wentsee-sawget-got make-made eat-ate take-took spend-spent write-wrote sit-satlose-lost find-found think-thought read-readcan-could swim-swamfeel-felt2do some reading做一些阅读do some cleaning 做一些打扫do some ving 做一些practice:practice+doing sth练习做某事He practices speaking English every morning.4.study for 为而复习学习go for a walk散步look for寻找look like 看起来像look after 照顾look up 查阅5 What How about+doing sth?做怎么样？注意 about 是介词What about going shopping?=Why not go shopping?6.My weekend was great.How was your weekend?7.watch(see):watch sb do sth 看见某人做了某事watch sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事I watch him play the soccer.I watch him playing the soccer.8.It is time to do sth该到做某事的时间了It is time for doing sth.sth.9.spend:(in)doing sthI spend two hours in swimming.on sthI spend two yuan on the pencil.Unit10 语法知识点11.show sb.sth展示某让你某物=show sth.to sb.把某物展示给某人12.each:adj.Each student has a watch.(修饰名词后面的名词用单数，谓语动词也要用单数)pron.Each of them has a new watch.(of 后面的名词用复数形式，但是动词用单数形式，因为真正的主语是each.)Every 只有形容词词性，没有代词词性。13.some of their answers 符合 some of+名词复数当中的一些名词必须用复数，动词也用复数。其中 some 还可以用 most,one,each 所代替。但是用one,each 代替时动词用单数形式。即：SomeMost+名词复数+V 复数+其他当中的一些绝大多数Some of the students are playing on the playground.OneEach+名词复数+V 单数+其他当中的一个Each of the girls is having a good time.14.Its for sb给某人的Its for moms.15.enjoy doing sth=have fun doing sth=have a good time.16.would like to do sth想要做某事I would like to drink some water.17.Can you please do sth?你能?(表示委婉请求的句子)18.color:n 颜色adj.colorful 色彩鲜艳的I like colorful sweaters.(beauty-beautifulcare-carefulwonder-wonderful)Unit 12 语法知识点本单元讨论学校的规定1.祈使句：表示请求或命令的语气。肯定构成：（Please）+V 原+其它Please come in.V 原+其它,（Please）Come in,please.否定构成：Dont+(Please）+V 原+其它Please dont come in.Dont+V 原+其它,（Please）Dont come in,please.What are the rules at your school?We cant arrive late for class.3.wear:穿I wear a blue T-shirt today.戴I wear a hat.4.have to must1)have to 有时态的变化has to had to而 must 没有2)have to 变疑问句和否定句时用助动词 dodid,而 must 用本身即可。3)have to 表示主语的客观性，而 must 强调主语的主观性。5.too manytoo muchmuch tootoo many+可数名词复数太多 There are too many rulers at school.too much+不可数名词太多 I drink too much watch.much too+形容词副词太You are much too nice.on school night 上学的晚上by ten oclock到 10 点help:v.help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事I help him make dinner.help sb with sth.help sb with doing sth.在某方面帮助某人n.不可数I need your help.