天津市第二十五中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末阶段性测试英语（解析版）.docx

天津市第二十五中学2022-2023学高二年级年第一学期期末阶段性测试英语试卷满分100,考试用时90分钟第一节单项填空（共20小题：每小题1分，满分20分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. Many countries are setting animal shelters homeless cats and dogs can be protected.A. whichB. whenC. whereD. that【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多国家正在设立动物收容所来保护无家可归的猫狗。分析句子结构可 知，此处为定语从句。先行词animal shelters是物，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引 导限制性定语从句。故选C。2. With a lot of problem, the newly elected president is having a hard time.（02 上海）A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：有很多问题要解决，新当选的总统正度过一段艰难的时期。本句为 with的复合结构，表示动作即将发生，所以用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选C项。3. At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but he gave in as she was so confident about herskills.A. surprisinglyB. typicallyC. eventuallyD. carefully【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】考杳副词词义辨析。句意：起初罗伯特不让他女儿去潜水，但最终他还是让步了，因为她时 自己的潜水技能非常自信。A. surprisingly令人惊讶地;B. typically典型地;C. eventually最后,终于;D. carefully认真地。根据前文“At first”可知,此处与之相对应,C项“最后，终于”符合句意。故选C 项。4. The city plans to make 50.000 bicycles fbr rent to reduce pollution and ease traffic jams.A. convenientB. suitableC. availableD. accurate【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该市计划提供5万辆自行车供出租，以减少污染和缓解交通堵塞。A. convenient方便的;B. suitable合适的,适当的;C. available可获得的;可用的;D. accurate精确 的。根据下文“to reduce pollution and ease traffic jams”可知，该市计划提供5万辆自行车进行出租，以 此来减少污染和缓解交通堵塞。所以设空处应用available,短语available fbr意为"可用于的”。故D. Because they were shocked by this ground-breaking theory.40. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Darwin's journey on the Beagle inspired his Theory of Evolution.B. Darwin's interest in various living things made him a great naturalist.C. Darwin spent years touring the world to persuade people to accept his theory.D. Darwin went on a journey to confirm his theory that humans evolved over time.【答案】36. D 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，介绍了达尔文在贝格尔号的探索之旅。达尔文在旅途中，发现了各种各样的 新物种，他注意到有些不同物种的动物彼此间很相似，猜测“也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐 进化？ ”这一猜想激励达尔文去寻求更多证据，并提出了 “进化论”这个全新的观点，在他的物种起 源一书中解释了这一理论，彻底地改变了人类对于地球上生命的认识。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第段 “What's more, he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family.（并且在他刚收到父亲的来信，信中预言他将会成为 “自己和全家人的耻辱"”可知，他爸爸认为达尔文将会是全家人的耻辱，言外之意，他会辜负家人 对他的期望，选项D符合文意，故选【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段"He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other. Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments? It was just an idea, but enough to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence.（他注意到，有些不同物种 动物彼此间很相似。也许动物为了适应不断变化的 环境会逐渐进化？虽然这只是一个设想，但足够激励达尔文去寻求更多证据。）”可知，达尔文注意到不 同物种的动物间的相似性，从而想去寻求更多证据，证明动物是否会为了适应不断变化的环境而逐渐进 化。故选C项。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands. It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.（达尔 文注意到，在群岛中的每一个小岛上，雀鸟之间有所不同。它们的喙似乎是根据所在岛屿上可觅得的食 物进化而来的。）”可知，导致雀鸟的喙不同的原因是所在岛屿上可觅得的食物不同,故选A项。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段“But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.（然而达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。）”可 知，是达尔文极有说服力的科学研究，让越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。故选B项。【40题详解】主旨大意题。从全文可知，达尔文在旅途中，发现了各种各样的新物种，他注意到有些不同物种的动物 彼此间很相似，猜测“也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化？ ”这一猜想激励达尔文去寻求更 多证据，并提出了 “进化论”这个全新的观点，在他的物种起源一书中解释了这一理论，彻底地改 变了人类对于地球上生命的认识。A选项“达尔文的贝格尔号之旅激发了他的进化论”与文意相符，故 选 AEI。BSitting back in my seat, I can't quite believe that I'm about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”. The train has been racing along steadily since it left Xining. All this time, the song “Sky Railway“ has been playing inside my head. The words "railways like massive dragons are winding among the mountains" seem particularly vivid as I travel across the “roof of the world”.I was one of the people who came Irom all parts of China to work on this railway. Taking years to complete, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a record of all of our efforts to overcome the most difficult engineering challenges. How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge, the world,s longest bridge built over penna frost. Look! A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the bridge, with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure. Thirty-three passages have been built under the railway to allow the animals to move safely and freely in their natural habitat. Wild animals such as these Tibetan antelopes have now been using these passages fbr years. They seem totally unaware that vve are speeding past at over 100 kilometers an hour.To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands, 675 bridges with a total length of about 160 kilometers were built between Golmud and Lhasa. We even moved 140,000 square meters of wetland to a new area in order to protect its distinct ecosystem.The journey has been flying by, and before I know it, we have reached Tanggula Station. Located at over 5,000 meters above sea level, this is the highest railway station in the world. In locations such as this, the thin air, changeable weather and high levels of UV radiation presented perhaps the greatest challenge fbr railway workers. To make sure vc stayed healthy, several oxygen-making stations were constructed. Wc were also able to enjoy regular breaks in lower areas.As wc pass Cuona Lake, I feel a sense of pride and achievement. Using thousands and thousands of sandbags, we built a twenty-kilometer wall along the lake to protect it from construction waste. Cuona Lake is so close to the railway that 1 want to reach out and touch its pale blue mirror-like surface. Water birds playing in the lake, and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been attracting people's admiration fbr centuries. Now, thanks to our efforts, passengers from all over the country have been enjoying these magical landscapes. I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway, and did so with the care that the environment deserves. It truly is an extraordinary ”Sky Railway”.41. Which of the following is TRUE according to the first two paragraphs?A. The song “Sky Railway'' was played as background music in the train.B. Ways of protecting the delicate ecosystem were taken into consideration.C. Foreign experts were frightened to see dragons among the mountains.D. The author kept the record of solving the toughest engineering problem.42. Which can best replace the underlined part in Paragraph 3?A. without interruptionB. fbr entertainmentC. in their free timeD. without hurrying43. Why was a 20-km wall built according to Paragraph 6?A. Because it separated the habitats of birds and cattle.B. Because it transformed construction waste into sand.C. Because it kept Cuona lake from being polluted.D. Because it connected Cuona lake and the railway.44. What is the author proud of at the end of the passage?A. Their efforts to build the railway and protect the ecosystem.B. That he has made the railway extraordinary for tourists.C. Passengers' admiration for the Qinghai-Tibct Plateau.D. The splendid landscapes along the Sky Railway.45. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A. To prove that humans can conquer nature.B. To advertise the travel route along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.C. To praise the workers' efforts in building the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.D. To highlight the amount of work required to build the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.【答案】41. B 42. D 43. C 44. A 45. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要通过作者的一次沿青藏铁路的旅行，介绍了青藏铁路的设计，建设以 及成就。41题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中最后一句"How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.（如何保护脆弱的生态系统是人们最关心的问题之一。）”可知，在修建铁路时，保护生态系统的问题被 考虑在内，故选择B项。【42题详解】词句猜测题。根据下文 Thirty-three passages have been built under the railway to allow the animals to move safely and freely in their natural habitat. Wild animals such as these Tibetan antelopes have now been using these passages fbr years. They seem totally unaware that we are speeding past at over 100 kilometers an hour.（铁路桥 下修建了三十三条野生动物通道，让动物得以在自然栖息地中安全自由地通行。就像现在的这群藏羚羊 一样，野生动物们使用这些通道已有数年，它们似乎完全没有意识到我们正以每小时100多千米的速度 呼啸而过。）”可知，由于这种设计，藏羚羊在吃草时，可以不慌不忙，故选择D项。（43题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段中“Using thousands and thousands of sandbags, wc built a twcnty-kilomctcr wall along the lake to protect it from construction waste.（我们用成千上万的沙袋沿着湖边建了 堵20公里长的 墙，以保护它不受建筑垃圾的污染。）”可知，建“.这堵长墙的主要目的是保护措那湖不受污染，故选择 C项。【44题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中 “Now, thanks to our efforts, passengers from all over the country have beenenjoying these magical landscapes. I am proud that we built our uimpossible, railway, and did so with the care that the environment desews.（如今，由于我们的努力，来自全国各地的旅客都能亲眼观赏到这片神奇的 土地。我们建成了一条“不可能建成”的铁路，并且给予当地环境充分的保护，我为此感到骄傲和自 豪。）”可知，作者因他们为修建铁路和保护生态系统所做的努力而感到骄傲。故选择A项。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now, thanks to our efforts, passengers from all over the country have been enjoying these magical landscapes. I am proud that we built our uimpossible,' railway, and did so with the care that the environment deserves. It truly is an extraordinary “Sky Railway”.（如今，由于我们的努力，来自全国 各地的旅客都能亲眼观赏到这片神奇的土地。我们建成了一条“不可能建成”的铁路，并且给予当地环 境充分的保护，我为此感到骄傲和自豪。这真一条了不起的“天路”）”可知，本文主要是在赞美工人 们在修建铁路时的辛苦努力，故选择C项。CAlthough computer technology is often necessary today, using a pen or pencil activates more areas of your brain than a keyboard docs. You can potentially remember more by handwriting, according to a new study.The potential benefits of handwriting fbr memory have been debated fbr some time. The new study set out to answer one question: How docs handwriting compare to using a keyboard when it comes to remembering new information?In total 24 participants took part. Researchers asked each of them to write with a pen and then each was also asked to type on a keyboard. While perfbnning these tasks, each volunteer wore a cap that held electrodes (电极) next to their head. It looked somewhat like a hair net fitted with 256 sensors. Those sensors recorded the participants' brainwaves. The electrodes noted which parts of the brain turned on during each task. And they showed that writing turned on memory areas in the brain while typing didn't.Audrey van der Meer, the new study's leader, says this suggests that when we write by hand, vve remember better. 4tThis is because writing involves complex movements that activate more areas of the brain. The increased brain activity oives the brain more 'hookn' to hang your memories on." she explains. Van der Meer also points out that writing by hand is related to visual notetaking. uRathcr than typing blindly, the visual notetaker has to think about what is important to write down. Then, key words can be interlinked by boxes, arrows and small drawings,“ she adds.This study does not recommend banning digital devices. In fhet, its authors point out, computers and other devices with keyboards have become necessary in modem society. Keyboarding can especially benefit those with certain special needs (such as if they have trouble using their hands) and typing beats writing when it comes to speed, they add.46. Why were participants asked to wear caps in the study?A. To record their brainwaves.B. To inform them of their tasks.C. To allow them to fbcus on writing.47. What does Audrey van dcr Meer try to explain?A. Why handwriting is more complex than typing.C. Why small drawings are connected to memory.D. To protect their heads like hair nets.B. Why the brain works when it comes to learning.D. Why key words are helpfiil to visual notetaking.48. What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 4?A. helps you to remember more details.C. tags your memories fbr further recalling.49. What is the study's authors' view on typing?A. It relieves people's bands.C. It is not worth recommending.B. reminds you to have regular reviews.D. eases your tension of memorizing things.B. Il remains vital and helpful.D. It is more challenging than writing.50. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?A. How Can You Remember New Information?C. Should Typing Take the Place of Handwriting?【答案】46. A 47. A 48. A 49. BB. Handwriting Benefits Health in the Long RunD. Handwriting Is Better fbr Memory Than Typing50. D【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项新研究表明，手写更有利于记忆，介绍了研究开展的 经过，研究的负责人还解释了为什么手写比打字复杂以及研究的作者对使用键盘的看法。【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“While performing these tasks, each volunteer wore a cap that held electrodes (电 极)next to their head. It looked somewhat like a hair net fitted with 256 sensors. Those sensors recorded the participants，brainwaves4在执行这些任务时，每个志愿者都戴着顶帽子，帽子上把电极放在他们的头 上。它看起来有点像一个装有256个传感器的发网。这些传感器记录了参与者的脑电波。）”可知，参与 者被要求在研究中戴帽子是为了记录他们的脑电波。故选Ao47题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 * Audrey van dcr Meer, the new study's leader, says this suggests that when we write by hand, wc remember better. "This is because writing involves complex movements that activate more areas of the brain. The increased brain activity gives the brain more (hooks' to hang your memories on. she explains.(这项新研究的负责人奥德丽范德米尔(Audrey van der Meer)说，“这表明当我们用手写字时， 我们的记忆力更好。这是因为书写涉及复杂的运动，可以激活大脑的更多区域。大脑活动的增加会让大 脑有更多的“钩子”来勾住你的记忆。”她解释说。）”可知，AudreyvandcrMccr试图解释为什么手写比 打字包:杂。故选A。【48题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段的"when we write by hand, we remember better（当我们用手写字时,我们记得更好）” 和 “This is because writing involves complex movements that activate more areas of the brain（这是因为写 作涉及复杂的运动，可以激活大脑的更多区域）”可知，划线部分所在的句子表示“大脑活动的增加会让 大脑有更多的“钩子”来勾住你的记忆”，也就是帮助你记住更多的东西，因此划线部分的意思是“帮 助你记住更多的细节”，BP helps you to remember more details,故选 A。【49题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In fact, its authors point out, computers and other devices with keyboards have become necessary in modem society. Keyboarding can especially benefit those with certain special needs (such as if they have trouble using their hands) and typing beats writing when it comes to speed, they add.( 亦 实二，作 者指出，电脑和其他有键盘的设备已经成为现代社会的必需品。他们补充说，键盘对那些有特殊需求的 人（比如他们的手使用有困难）尤其有好处，在速度方面，打字比写作更有优势。）”可知，该研究的作者 认为打字仍然是至关重要和有益的。故选B。【50题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文的主要内容，尤其第一段的“Although computer technology is often necessary today, using a pen or pencil activates more areas of your brain than a keyboard docs. You can potentially remember more by handwriting, according to a new study.（虽然计算机技术在今天是必不可少的，但使用钢笔或铅笔比使用 键盘更能激活大脑的某些区域。根据一项新的研究，你可能通过书写来记住更多的东西。）”可知，文章 主要说明了一项新研究表明，手写更有利于记忆，介绍了研究开展的经过，研究的负责人还解释了为什 么手写比打字复杂以及研究的作者对使用键盘的看法。可知，D选项“Handwriting Is Better fbr Memory Than Typing（书写比打字更利于记忆）”最符合文章标题。故选D。DIt's possible that interstellar （星际的）space explorers arriving on another planet conic across problems communicating with previous and subsequent arrivals, as their spoken language has changed in isolation along the way.Regarding the issue, two American scholars, Andrew McKenzie and Jeffrey Punske, co-authorcd the article “Language Development During Interstellar Travel”. What has been discussed in the article is the concept of language change over time. They wrote that given more time, new grammatical forms can completely replace current ones.In a recent inten ievv, McKenzie explained it.“If you're on a space