专题15主谓一致-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点题型技巧》精讲与精练高分突破系列（通用）（原卷版）.docx

专题15主谓一致考点题型技巧考向分析 复习建议 考点;导航笞题技巧主谓一现rHWWI-巾生一题型一完形填空 题型分四题型二短文改错 题型三语法填空 检测训练0考向分析在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主 谓一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就 近一致三个方面上。0复习建议1 .掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致；2 .掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配；3 .掌握定语从句中的主谓一致；4 .掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。狱考点导航考点01语法一致语法一致：就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1 .单数名词、不可数名词、不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语为复 数时，谓语动词用复数。由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个 带有复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。2 .由and或bothand连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就用单数。由and连接的并列单数主语前分别有each, every, no more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时,谓 语动词用单数。3 .主语后面有 with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。4 .either, neither, each, every 或 no+单数 neither/neither/none of + 复数名词，还有 some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。5 .定语从句中，关系代词that, which, who作主语时，谓语动词的数和先行词一致。6 .集体名词 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等，指整体时，用单数；指集 体的成员时，用复数。 people, cattle, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。7,由 a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词，或者是分数/百分数 十 名词 构成的短语作主语，谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。8,倒装句中，谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。考点02意义一致原则,表示时间、度量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语，因为其在概念上是一个整体，谓语动 词用单数。1 .如果是书名，片名，格言，剧名，报名，国名等的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。one and a half +复数n.,谓语动词用单数。2 .算是中表示数目通常用单数(加减乘除).表示学科的以一ics结尾的名词作主语，用单数。3 .复数形式的单复数同形的名词作主语，意义一致。4 .由两部分组成的名词，trousers, glasses, shorts, scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。a pair of等量词时，视情况而定。5 .The + adj.表示一类人，作主语时用复数。考点03就近一致原则就近一致：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。(1) 当两个主语由 either or, neither . nor, whether . or ., not only .but also 连接 时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。(2) there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语, 则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。(3)在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。(4)就远原则：谓语动词与前面主语一致。主语后面接连接性短语时，这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系，即谓语动词的数与主语的 数保持一致。此类连接性短语有 as well as, as much as, along with, with, like,rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to 等。考点04 ”名词+介词短语”作主语名词或代词后接 as well as, with, along with, together with, except, but 等短语作主语时， 谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。考点05不定代词作主语.当作主语的名词前有each, neither, either, every修饰或each, neither, either作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。1 .当复合不定代词 someone, anyone, somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, something, anything, nothing, everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。考点06特殊名词作主语.国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓 语动词也要用单数。1 . ”the+形容词”作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。2 .以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths, physics, politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如news, plastics等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。3 .单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单 复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。【注意】Chinese, Japanese, English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。考点07表数量概念的词或短语作主语表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用 单数。1. 加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。2. " many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。3. ” one and a half+复数名词"作主语时，谓语用单数。4. the rest of.短语作主语时，如果。f后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果。f后接不可数名词， 谓语用单数。5. ”noneof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。6. ” a number of+名词复数”表示“许多/大量的”，其后的谓语动词用复数；" the number of+名词复数”表示”的数量”，其中心词为number,故谓语动词用单数。7. " a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词”作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不 可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果。f后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。考点08动名词、不定式和从句作主语考点09动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。【答题技巧】主谓一致记忆口诀单单复复最常见，集体名词谓用单。如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间。有些名词谓常复，people> police即这般。主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关。many a作主语也如此，谓语动词应用单。or、nor、but also> there be,近主原则挂嘴边。关系代词定主语，谓语根据先行词判。不定式短语、动名词，主语从句谓全单。时间、货币与距离，谓语多单复少见，rest, means, following等，意义决定其复、单。none, all, half of等，of之宾语定答案。还有分数、百分数，仍据。f之宾定复、单。代词all指人谓复数，all指事情谓用单。量词用法请注意，谓语要随量词变。and连接两名词，身兼两职*定冠。no, each, every后单名，两种事物一概念。以上情况请记清，谓语动词全用单。形容词带the 一类人，姓氏复数加定冠，-s结尾的海峡、山脉与群岛，谓语用复勿用单。代词neither, either, each,用作主语谓全单。【题型分析】【题型一完形填空】1 .The musician along with his band members ten performances in the last threemonths.A. givesB. has givenC. have givenD. give.He is one of the most selfish men that ever lived; that's why hardly makingfriends with him.A. has； anyone likesB. have； does anyone likeC. has； no one likesD. have； anyone likest is important to remember that success a sum of small efforts made each day andoften years of achieve.A. is; takesB. are; takesC. are; takeD. is; takeThe musician along with his band members ten performances in the last threemonths.A. givesB. has givenC. have givenD. give. A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city infavour of the proposal on health care reform.A. isB. areC. wasD. were.The father as well as his three children skating on the frozen river every Sundayafternoon in winter.A.is goingB.goC.goesD.aregoing【题型二短文改错】1 .My dad don't like the soup and I don't enjoy apples.【题型三语法填空】1 .While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life651hanwalking, cycling or swimming.2.Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.3,“This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 (construct).4.0f the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.回检测训练I、单项选择t is important to remember that success a sum of small efforts made each day andoften years of achieve.A. is; takesB. are; takesC. are; takeD. is; take.The father as well as his three children skating on the frozen river every Sundayafternoon in winter.A.is goingB.goC.goesD.are going.AII we need a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.A. areB. wasC. isD. were.The university estimates that living expenses for international students around $8,450 a year, which a burden for some of them.A. are； isB. are； areC. is； areD. is； is5.So far as I know, a number of the students in our school from the suburb and thenumber of them 500.A. come； isB. comes； areC. comes； isD. come； are6.The teacher along with her students the Palace Museum when we came acrossher.A. were visitingB. was visitingC. has visitedD. have visited7.The teacher;several students,discussing the problem.A. together with； isB. as well as； areC. and； isD. along with； areNot only his parents but also his elder brother to the Summer Palace. Theyhaven/t been back yet.A. have beenB. have goneC. has beenD. has goneAbout of his spare time spent in reading.A. third-fifths； areB. three-fifths； isC. three-fives； areD. three-fifth； isJane is the only one of the students who a little Chinese and is one of myfriends who studying in China now.A. know； haveB. knows； hasC. knows； areD. know； is11.The room is in a mess again!Sorry. It is who.A. me； is to blameB. I； is to be blamedD. I； am to blameC. me； am to be blamedDo you know the man the little girl is turning to for help? He is one of theteachers who in our school.A. who； is workingB. whom； are workingC. whom； worksD. which； worksWhen and where we/ll hold the meeting not been decided yet.A. hasB. isC. haveD. areWith more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth each year.A. is washing awayB. is being washed awayC. are washing awayD. are being washed awayn、语法填空Do you like traveling? Would you like to tell me if you 1 (offer) the opportunity to visit a new country and stay with a family? 2 the idea of taking a language exchange trip to a different country can be 3 (frighten) at first, it offers a great opportunity to improve your foreign language. You also have the chance to experience the life in 4 new and exciting place. Living with a local family is often the 5 (good) way to understand a different culture. Staying in a hotel with other tourists is different. If you choose to live with a family, you will be able to practice your foreign language all day. Besides, the family will be friendly and make you 6 (feel) at home. You will know all the best 7 (place) in that country. Perhaps the most important reason to take part in a language exchange program 8 (be) that even when you are back to your country, being able to chat with them over the Internet is a great way to keep 9 your foreign language. 10 (hope), the above will help you to put aside your worries and start your trip, m、单句改错 下列各句均有一处错误，请标出并改正。1. I think Tom, rather than you, are to blame for the accident.2. Every means have been tried, but none proved successful.,Today, I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.3. With more and more forests being destroyed, a large quantity of good earth are being washed away each year.4. Mr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters are going to visit BeJing this summer.5. The old saying "The early bird catches the worm, show us the importance of planning, working hard and trying constantly.6. Compared with online games, many traditional games, like hide and-seek, benefits kids mentally and physically.7. Either the judge or the lawyers was wrong on the case at that moment.9.1t's not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do that make life happy.10. A recent study has found that the number of smokers have been increasing sharply over the past five years.