高考英语语法-主谓一致.ppt

主谓一致一、主语是复数形式，谓语用单数形式1表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词，通常看作整体，谓语用单数。这样考过(2007江西)A survey of the opinions of experts _that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _good for ones health.Ashow;are Bshows;isCshow;is Dshows;are解析：主句主语是 a survey，谓语动词应用单数形式；从句主语是 three hours of outdoor exercise a week 表示一个整体概念，因此谓语动词也应用单数形式。答案：B2以s结尾的国名、地名、书报名、团体、学科等名词作主语，形式上是复数，谓语用单数。可能这样考Mathematics_the language of science.Aare Bare going to beCIs Dis to be解析：此处mathematics为学科名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。答案：C3表示两个相同部分连成一体的复数名词，如trousers，scissors，shoes，gloves，shorts，glasses等作主语时，前面若无a kind of/a pair of/a series of等单位词修饰时，谓语用复数，若带有单位词，谓语由单位词的单复数决定。可能这样考The trousers_you well.But the colour_me.Afit;suit Bfit;doesnt suitCfits;doesnt suit Dfit;dont suit解析：trousers作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；而colour则为单数，故选B。答案：B二、主语是单数形式，谓语用复数形式1police，people，cattle，faculty，flock，machinery等作主语，谓语用复数。可能这样考Cattle_well in the country market at present，according to the evening news.Asell BsellsCis being sold Dwill be sold解析：有些集合名词作主语时，应以复数看待。这类名词有people，cattle，police等。答案：A2有些以sh，ese，ch结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与the连用时，表示复数含义，谓语用复数。表示单数含义，谓语用单数。可能这样考Look！The German_coming this way.He is studying here.Aare BisChas Dhave解析：根据语境“这个德国人朝这边走来”选B。误选A是受习惯思维“theadj.指一类人，谓语动词用复数”的影响。答案：B3“the形容词/分词”如指一类人，其谓语用复数；如表示抽象概念或个人时，其谓语用单数。可能这样考When the injured_to the hospital，they came to_.Awas rushed;life Bwere rushed;lifeCrushed;lives Dwere rushed;lives解析：“the形容词”指代一类人，谓语动词用复数。come to life“苏醒”，为固定搭配。答案：B三、主语是单数形式，谓语视情况而定1主语是family，team，group，crowd，class，committee，population，crew，enemy，government等集合名词，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式；如果指一个个成员或个体时，谓语就该用复数。这样考过(广东汕头)Recently，there _ a boom in population mobility，and according to the survey in 2008,17 percent of the population _ every year.Ais;moves Bhas been;movesCis;move Dhas been;move解析：population表示“部分人口”，强调具体成员时，谓语动词用复数。答案：D(浙江东阳中学)The crew _ made up of accomplished sailors and thus _ highly paid to do the work on the ship.Awere;were Bwas;wereCwere;was Dwas;was答案：B2主语是“a series of，a kind of等名词”结构时，谓语动词用单数。“kinds of等名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。注意：在“this kind of名词”之后，无论这里的名词是单数还是复数，谓语都用单数。这样考过(江西景德镇一中)So far a series of problems _ brought about by this decision.Ahave BhasChas been Dhave been答案：C还可能这样考Many kinds of furniture_being transported from Beijing to Tianjin.Ais BareCHaving Dwas解析：many kinds of furniture的中心词为of结构前面的kinds，且此句宜用现在进行时的被动语态，故选B。答案：BMachines of the new type_made in Shanghai.Ais BareChas been Dhave been解析：本题应以of结构前面的词为主语，machines为复数形式，而且本句用一般现在时为最佳时态，故选B。答案：B3不定代词all，some，any以及the rest等作主语，谓语的单复数应根据上下文或具体场合确定。可能这样考“All_present and all_going on well”，our monitor said.Ais;is Bare;are Care;is Dis;are解析：题意为：“所有人出席，一切顺利”，我们班长说。all表示人，其谓语用复数；all表示事物，谓语用单数。答案：CHalf of us were out to look for him，and the rest_staying at home waiting for his call.Awas Bis Cwere Dare解析：the rest 做主语若指代的是可数名词，谓语动词用复数，若指代的是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。答案：C4what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语的单复数取决于表语的单复数。这样考过(2008宁夏一中)What the remote areas need _ education to children and what the children need _ good textbooks at the moment.Ais;are Bare;isCwas;were Dwere;was解析：以what引导的主语从句谓语动词通常用单数，如果其后的表语是复数也可以用复数；如果what从句是带有复数意义的并列结构，主句的谓语动词用复数。答案：A5定语从句的谓语的单复数应取决于先行词。注意：在“one of名词复数”后面定语从句谓语动词用复数，但如果“one of名词复数”之前有the only，the very，the last修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。这样考过(陕西西安铁一中)Jack，as well as his friends who _ football games，_ traveled with the team.Alikes;has Blikes;haveClike;has Dlike;have答案：C(2007合肥)Many standardized tests in our life turned out to be simple，_beyond expectations.Awhich was Bthey areCwhich were Dit is解析：考查定语从句和主谓一致。这里用 which 引导非限制性定语从句，连词指代主句内容，表示单数含义，因此选A。答案：A四、并列主语，谓语动词的单复数视情况而定1and或bothand连接两主语时，谓语常用复数。注意：(1)如果and连接的两个名词指同一个人或表示同一概念时，谓语用单数。这样考过(2006江苏)A poet and artist_coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.Ais Bare Cwas Dwere解析：句意：明天下午一个诗人也是艺术家要来给我们做一次关于中国文学和绘画方面的讲座。由时间状语tomorrow afternoon一词可知C、D项时态不对，a poet and artist代表一个人，而a poet and an artist代表两个人，故不选B项。答案：A(2)one and a half修饰名词复数作主语，谓语用单数，主语是“one or two复数名词”，其谓语用复数形式。可能这样考One and a half bananas_left on the table.Ais Bare Chas Dhave解析：题意为：桌上剩下一个半香蕉。one and a half后虽然跟复数名词，但整个短语作主语时，谓语用单数形式。答案：A(3)当and连接的并列单数主语前分别有each，every，more than one，many a，no修饰时，谓语用单数。这样考过(龙岩质检)Hi，what did our monitor say just now?Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who are to visit Water Cube _ asked to be at the school gate before 630 in the morning.Ais BwereCare Dwas解析：当主语由as well as连接时谓语部分看as well as前面的部分，因此主语是every boy and every girl，而every.and every.结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而根据are to visit the Water Cube知时态用一般现在时，故选A。答案：A2由or，eitheror，neithernor，notbut，not onlybut also等连接的并列主语，谓语动词单复数与最邻近的主语一致：Either you or he is to blame.这样考过(2008贵州遵义联考)Not only I but also other workers _willing to have a rest after a weeks work.Ais BareCam Dbe解析：not only.but also.连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词就近一致。答案：B(2007常州)Neither Liu Xiang nor his parents and coach_he can become such a world famous athlete.A.have expected B.are expectedC.has expected D.is expected解析：neither.nor.并列两个连词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的形式用就近原则判断。根据his parents and coach表复数意义，排除C、D两项；根据句意“刘翔的父母与教练都没有料想到他会成为世界著名的运动员”可排除表被动关系的B项。答案：A(2008沈阳二中高三模拟)Either you or the headmaster _ the prize to these gifted students at the meeting.Ais handing out Bare to hand outCare handing out Dis to hand out解析：当either.or./neither.nor./not only.but also.连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。答案：D五、主谓一致的其他情况1“分数/百分数of名词”构成短语，或“some/a lot of/lots of/a(large)quantity of/the rest of/plenty of”构成短语时，其名词可以是可数名词或不可数名词。这些短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词保持数的一致，这是因为短语中of后面的名词是中心词，而名词前面的量词是修饰语。这样考过(江西抚州一中)Large amounts of water _ been pumped from the mine where an explosion happened yesterday.Ahad Bwould haveChas Dhave答案：D(2006浙江)The company had about 20 notebook computers but only onethird _used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.Ais BareCwas Dwere解析：本题考查动词时态和主谓一致。分数of名词，其谓语动词要和of后面的名词的数保持一致，此句中的分数onethird省略后面的of the 20 notebook computers，故应选D项。时态应与but前的句子时态一致，因为他们是并列句。答案：D(湖南湘潭模拟)Mr.Smith，I cant go on with my reading.Ive already told you the last three parts of the article _ the most difficult to understand.Ais BareChad been Dwere答案：B2“a number of名词复数”作主语，谓语用复数；“the number of名词复数”作主语，谓语用单数。这样考过(2006南通)The number of people hurt in the traffic accident_to 95，the news agency reports.A.has increased B.have increasedC.has been increased D.have been increased解析：主语是数量(the number)，故谓语动词用单数形式，increase表示“数量的增大”时，用主动语态。答案：A(广东深圳中学)_ children whose parents had died in the earthquake _ sent to live with families in other cities.AA great number of;wasBA great number of;wereCThe great number of;wasDThe great number of;were答案：B3主语后跟with，together with，along with，but，except，besides，as well as，rather than，including,no less than，as much as等短语，谓语应与前面的主语保持一致。这样考过(吉安期末)Dr.Johnson，together with his assistants，is coming to visit our school.Oh,_？Aare they Bis he Cdoes he Ddo they解析：考查主谓一致。若句中含有together with，together，as well as时，其句中谓语动词的选择要视其前的主语而定。据此原则，句子的主语应为Dr.Johnson。故选B。答案：B(辽宁重点模拟)John as well as the other children who _ no parents _ good care of in the center.Ahave;is being taken Bhave;has takenChas;is taken Dhas;have been taken解析：考查主谓一致和动词时态。根据题意：约翰同其他那些没有父母的孩子一起在这个中心受到很好的照顾。who引导的定语从句修饰other children所以谓语动词应是复数；名词1as well as/besides/with/together with ect.名词2时，谓语动词要根据就远原则由名词1决定，所以第二空谓语动词为单数，约翰正在受到照顾，应用正在进行式的被动形式。答案：A(2008北京155中)Professor Smith，along with his assistants，_on the project day and night to meet the deadline.Awork BworkingCis working Dare working解析：主语为Professor Smith，谓语用单数。答案：C(2008上海冠龙高级中学)The teacher，with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class，_ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.Awas BwereChad been Dwould be解析：作主语的是the teacher，所以谓语动词用单数形式。答案：A(2006郑州)All the workers except Jack_to work at home.Aallow Ballows Care allowed Dis allowed解析：题意为：除了杰克允许所有工人在家办公。except后的主语为假性主语。句子主语是all the workers指人，故谓语动词用复数形式。答案：C4动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。这样考过(2007南京)Displaying feelings，at one point，_expressing those feelings through a facial reaction.Ais meant BmeanCare meant Dmeans解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处是陈述一个客观事实，应用一般现在时。因为是作谓语，主语是非谓语动词时，谓语动词要用单数，因此选D。答案：D(上海高考)When and where to go for the onsalary holiday _yet.Aare not decided Bhave not been decidedCis not being decided Dhas not been decided解析：特殊疑问词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数，因此排除A、B项；由题干最后的yet可知，应用现在完成时。故选D。答案：D(2006安徽)Most of what has been said about the Smiths _also true of the Johnsons.Aare Bis Cbeing Dto be 解析：该题考查主谓一致。the Smiths为介词about的宾语，真正的主语为what has been said，从句做主语谓语一般为单数，故选B。答案：B5确定倒装句谓语的单复数要找准主语：On the wall hang two large portraits.(主语为two large portraits)这样考过(2007江西九所)_at the front_some VIPs from the company.ASeating;was BSeated;wereCSitting;was DSat;were解析：表语提前要倒装，谓语动词的单复数与主语保持一致，主语是 some VIPs，因此谓语动词应用复数 were。答案：B还可能这样考There _a pen，two pencils and three books on the desk.Aare Bis Chas Dhave解析：题意为：书桌上有一支钢笔，两支铅笔和三本书。在there be句型中，谓语动词的数一般与最靠近它的名词一致。答案：B6each of，neither of，either of，one of，any(one)of，every one of等作主语时，谓语用单数。这样考过(湖南岳阳一中)Each of the students，working hard at his or her lessons，_ to go to university.So do I.Ahope BhopesChoping Dhoped答案：B.单项填空1More than one_the people heart and soul.Aofficial has servedBofficials have servedCofficial has served forDofficials have served for答案与解析：Amore than one接单数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。2.The family a visitsome of their relatives this week.A.are in;of B.is in;ofC.are on;toD.is on;to答案与解析:C the family作主语，谓语动词是意志性动作，所以应该把family理解为是复数意义。be on a visit to是固定短语，意为“拜访”。3Everybody in our hometown，men and women，young and old，_sports and games.Aare fond of BjoinsCenjoys Dgo in for答案与解析：C题意为：在我们家乡，不论男女老少，每个人都喜欢运动和比赛。在本题中主语是everybody。men and women，young and old作everybody的同位语，故谓语动词应该用第三人称单数，可排除A、D项；又因为join不能直接跟sth.。故答案为C。4Mr Brown，with his sons and daughters，_visiting a relative of his when the hurricane struck.Ahad been Bwould beCwere Dwas答案与解析：D题意为：当飓风袭来时，布朗先生正和他的儿女们在亲戚家做客。名词加介词结构作主语，谓语动词数的变化应该以介词短语前面的名词来确定。因为Mr Brown是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词也要用第三人称单数，故选D。5_without friends _ the most difficult challenge for Jack while living on the island.AHow does he survive;areBHow to survive;areCHow does he survive;isDHow to survive;is答案与解析：D“疑问副词动词不定式”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。6The high standard of the nations literature and art _widespread attention.Awas attracted Bhave attractedChas attracted Dhas been attracted答案与解析：C题意为：这个民族高水准的文学与艺术已经引起了广泛的关注。句子主语为high standard，故谓语动词用单数形式。又因为主语与动作attract构成主谓关系，所以用主动语态。根据题意选C。7The police_asked that anyone who saw the accident should get in touch with_.Ahave;them Bhas;himChave;him Dhas;them答案与解析：Apolice是集体名词，作主语时谓语用复数，用复数代词宾格them代替。8Email，as well as telephones，_ an important part in daily communication.Ais playing Bhave playedCare playing Dplay答案与解析：A主语后有as well as引起的短语时，谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致。9The number of the students who took part in the competition_500，but only a small number of them _chosen.Awas;were Bwere;wasCwere;were Dwas;was答案与解析：A“the number of复数名词”作主语时谓语动词用单数；a/an(large，small，etc.)number of后接复数名词或代词时，是复数概念，谓语动词用复数。10A large_of money is spent on the Hope Project and a good many schools_set up.Aamount;has been Bamount;have beenCnumber;has been Ddeal;have been 答案与解析：B表示大量的钱，可以用a large amount of/a large sum of，谓语动词用单数；很多学校是复数概念，因此后面的谓语动词也用复数形式，根据语境判断，表示到目前的情况，因此应该用现在完成时。11Large quantities of information，as well as some timely help_since the organization was built.Ahas offered Bhad been offeredChave been offered Dis offered答案与解析：C由as well as连接的复合主语并不影响谓语动词的数，“large quantities of名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。分析题目可知动作虽然发生在过去，但对现在还有影响，故应用现在完成时。12John，together with some other American soldiers who _ sent to Iraq，_ killed in a bomb explosion.Awere;were Bwas;wasCwere;was Dwas;were答案与解析：C考查主谓一致的用法。第一个空的谓语形式应该和先行词American soldiers一致；第二个空是该句的谓语，要和主语John一致，together with some other American soldiers只是一个插入成分，作补充说明。13Fifteen minutes_all that I can spare to talk over this matter with you.Ais BareCwere Dbe答案与解析：A此处的“Fifteen minutes”作主语，表示的是整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式。14The father，rather than the brothers，_for the accident.Aare responsible Bwere responsible Cbe responsible Dis responsible答案与解析：D本题的主语是“The father”，其后有“rather than the brothers”，这时谓语动词的数应与“The father”保持一致，用第三人称单数。15Do the students learn any foreign languages in your school?Yes，more than one_taught in this school.Alanguage is Blanguage areClanguage be Dlanguages are答案与解析：Amore than one后接单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式，但在意义上是复数。16Soon after feeling the slight shaking，every man，woman and child_about the earthquake that night.Awere talking Bwas talkingChad talked Dtalking答案与解析：B用and连接的两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语时，且名词前有every，each，no等词修饰时，谓语动词须用单数形式。17To play basketball and to go swimming_good for charactertraining.Awas BisCare Dwere答案与解析：C两个动词不定式作主语，如果不表示同一个概念，谓语动词需用复数形式。18He is the only one of the students who_a winner of scholarship for three years.Ais BareChave been Dhad been答案与解析：A在“one of复数名词定语从句”结构中，复数名词是先行词，定语从句中谓语动词用复数形式，但当one前有the only，the very等修饰时，one是先行词，谓语动词应用单数形式。19No one in the department but Tom and I_that the director is going to resign.Aknows BknowChave known Dam to know答案与解析：A当主语后接“but/except/besides/as well as/with/along with/together with/including名词(代词)”结构时，谓语动词的数应与句子的主语保持一致。本题中，句子的主语为no one，故用单数谓语。20_ of the people on the Net _ Chinas economy is among the strongest in the world.AFourfifth;believes BFourfifth;believeCFourfifths;believe DFourfifths;believes答案与解析：C分数或者百分数修饰名词做主语时，谓语的数由名词而定；分数的表达法是：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1，分母加s。在此题中，people是一个复数名词，并作主语，因此谓语要用复数。句意：4/5的网民相信中国经济属于世界前列。21Have you heard that Tom，along with his parents，_ to Japan?Really？No wonder I havent seen him these days.Ahas been Bhas goneChave been Dhave gone答案与解析：B在“主语介词短语结构”中，谓语动词的人称和数由主语决定，其常见结构有：主语with/together with/along with/as well as/like/including/more than/but/except/besides/in addition to/rather than/not.谓语.。此题中主语是汤姆而不是他的父母，所以谓语用单数，且根据答语知“他们”已经去了日本，而不是曾经去过。22Our class _ all fond of singing English songs and we can sing _ than others.Ais;many more Bare;many moreCis;much more Dare;much more答案与解析：B在英语中，集合名词作主语，如果是指整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指具体成员，谓语动词用复数形式。由题干中的we可知，此处的class指的是全班同学，所以谓语动词要用复数形式；many more复数名词；much more不可数名词；而此处more修饰的是songs，所以用many more。23We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant.Ais BareChas been Dhave been答案与解析：A由句子的主语the time of.可知，谓语动词应用单数形式；题干中所描述的情况为客观事实，所以用一般现在时态。故只有A项符合题意。