选修7第2单元Unit2不定式的被动语态导学单（3）.docx

选修7第2单元Unit2不定式的被动语态导学单（3）高二英语选修7第2单元unit2导学单（4） 选修七unit2usinglanguageABiographyofIsaacAsimovStep1.FastreadingReadthepassagequicklyandmarkallthephrasesoftimeinParagraphTwo,Three,FourandSix. Step2.TimelineoftheeventsinAsimovslife1920:BorninRussia1922:Sisterborn1923:Movedwithfamilyto_.Parentsboughtacandystore.1929:Startedworking_inthecandystore.Motherhadherthirdchild._:Startedtotakehimselfseriouslyasawriter.1939:Begunhavingstoriespublishedin_magazines._:Gainedmastersdegreeinchemistry.1942:Finishedworkinginthecandystore.Marriedhis_wife1942-1945:Workedasa(n)_,PhiladelphiaNavyYard._:GotPhDinchemistry._:Becameabiochemistryteacher,BostonUniversitySchoolofMedicine.1950:Publishedhisfirstnovelpublished_.Developedthreelawsforrobots.1951-1953:PublishedtheFoundationtrilogyandwonanawardforit._:Publishedfirstsciencebook._:Becameafull-timewriter.1973:Divorcedhisfirstwife.Marriedfora_time._:Hadabloodtransfusion.BecameinfectedwithHIV.1992:Diedin_.Step3.exercises(1)Haveyoupassedtheexamination?NO，I_，butfailed.A.triedBtriedtoC.managetoD.trytopass(2)Try_atthebackdoorifnobodyanswersyouatthefrontdoorAtoknockBtobeknockingCknockingDhavingknocked(3)Whenwefinally_togethomeafterthetiringlongjourneywecouldhardlymoveastepfarther.AtriedBsucceededC.managedDattempted(4)Thevisitorsare_at_changethathastakenplaceinthiscountryAamazed；amazedB.amazing；amazingC.amazed；amazingDamazing;amazed(5)Tomy_，hedidntfeel_athismarksA.amazed；amazementBamazed；amazedCamazement；amazingDamazement；amazed(6)1dontthinkhecandotheworkwell,becauseheis_16yearsold.A.morethanB.lessthanC.nomorethanD.notlessthan(7)ThebeautyoftheWestLakeis_wordscandescribe.A.muchthanB.morethanC.nomorethanD.notmorethan(8)Hetoldmeto_,forhewantedtostayforawhileallbyhimself.A.leavehimbehindB.leavehimoutC.forgetaboutD.leavehimalone 选修7第2单元unit2wordsstudy导学单选修七unit2wordsstudyNO.1一依据提示写出下列单词1.desiren.渴望；渴求_v.希望得到；想要2.satisfactionn._v._adj.觉得满足的_adj.令人满意的；令人满足的3._vt.使警觉；使恐慌_n._adj.担忧的；胆怯的4._n.怜悯心_v._adj._adj.令人的担忧的5._n.宠爱，恩惠_v.偏袒；宠爱favouriten._adj._favourableadj._6.affairn._affairsn._7._vt.宣布，声明，表明_n._8.staten._adj._v._9.imaginationn._v._10.junioradj./n_反义词_adj._11._n.天才；才能_adj._12._adj.理论上的；假设的_n._13._v.听从，听从_v.不听从；违背14._n.全体员工，手杖15._n.（由他人撰写的）传记，传记文学16._n.离婚，断绝关系_v.与。离婚，脱离17._试验，考验18._给。打电话19._转向，回转20._不管，别惹，让。一个人呆着21._将。放在一边22._肯定做23._一共，总计二阅读课本page10-12，写出下列短语1.designtodo2.由人操作3.不同种类的4.故事中的人物5.列举清单6.科幻小说7.为一个公司工作8.试验一个家用机器人9.试验，测试10.缺席，不在11.感到惊异12.更像。而不像。13.面部表情14.戴着围裙15.觉得尴尬16.提升某人的社会地位17.从图书馆借了一摞书18.允许陪她去商店19.对。粗鲁20.转向21.有暧昧关系22.从梯子上摔下来23.爱护以免受24.阻挡25.对。没危急26.爱上某人单词拼法1Weall_(渴望)peaceandhappiness2Flowerarrangementisan_(高雅的)art3Thiskindofmaterialfeelsas_(光滑的)assilk4Theparliament_(宣告)thatthecolonywasindependent5She_(陪伴)herfriendtotheconcertlastnight.6.HowIe_yougettinganextradaysholiday.7.Tomys_,mysonpassedtheexamination.8.Noneofthemcouldofferasatisfactorye_fortheirabsence.9.Remembernottoe_thembyaskingpersonalquestions.10.Hissecondm_washeldatSt.Paulschurch.Grammar:动词不定式教案 Grammar:动词不定式.不定式句法功能1.作主语：Thecatsaid,“Totakerollercoaster”isterrible.不定式短语作主语时，可以干脆放在句首，但在许多状况下，尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中，往往放在谓语之后，而用先行代词it作形式主语。Thecatsaid,“Itsterribletotakerollercoaster.”Howlongdidittakeyoutotakerollercoaster?Howterribleitistotakerollercoaster?不定式作主语常见句型：a)Itis+adj.(easy,important,difficult)+不定式b)Itis+n.(apity,apleasure,onesduty,ashame)+不定式eg.ItsmydutytoteachyouhowtobeastudentofNo.3MiddleSchool.c)Ittakes/needs/requires+sometime(hours,months,days,patience)+不定式eg.Itrequirespatiencetobeagoodteacher.2.作表语：当句子的主语是aim,idea,policy,question,suggestion,wish,task,duty,job,purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。eg.Ourmostimportanttasknowistomakeaplan.注：作表语的不定式都带to，但当主语部分有实义动词do时，to可以省略。eg.Theonlythingwecandonowiswaitandsee.3.作宾语Thecatsaid“Remembernottotakeitnexttime!”.a)可以干脆用不定式作宾语的动词许多，常见的有：agree,afford,tend,ask,decide,determine,expect,fail,hope,learn,intend,manage,offer,plan,promise,refuse,want,wish等Idontwant_likeImspeakingillofanybody,butthemanagersplanisunfair.A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded当不定式短语比宾补长时，往往将不定式放到宾补后，而用先行代词it作形式宾语，常用动词有feel,think,find,believe,consider,make等。Thecatfeltitterribletotakerollercoaster.b)不定式一般不作介词的宾语，只有少数介词如but,except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般状况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to，假如but或except所在句子里的谓语动词都是实义动词do,does,did时，通常省略to。Eg.Wehavenochoicebuttowait.Cf.Wecandonothingbutwait.4.宾语补足语在SVOC句型中，很多动词都可以按不定式作宾语补足语。a)通常作宾语补语的不定式要带to，常用于以下动词之后：ask,tell,advise,allow,enable,expect,force,get,like,order,teach,want,invite,wish,beg等Youshouldgetthemtohelpyou.但在谓语动词believe,find,think,feel,consider,suppose,imagine,prove等后面跟tobe作宾补，不跟todoeg.Theybelievehimtobehonest.b)以下两类动词后跟不定式作宾补时不能带to一些表示“致使”意义的动词，如：let,have,make等一些表示感觉的动词，如：hear,feel,see,watch,notice等Dontletthechildrentroubleyou.Iheardsomeoneopenthedoor.但当这两类动词为被动态时，不定式就成了主补。作主补的不定式必需加上toHisfathermadehimgotobedearly.Hewasmadetogotobedearlybyhisfather.5.作定语不定式可以在句子充当后置定语，修饰名词。以下几类状况常用不定式作定语：能带不定式作宾语的动词，其同源名词可以带不定式作定语。常见的有attempt,decision,promise,plan等eg.Hehasntkepthispromisetowritetohisparentsregularly.常与不定式搭配的形容词，其同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。常见的有ability,determination,anxiety,eagerness等eg.Hiseagernesstofinishhishomeworkwasquiteclear.序数词形容词最高级或被only,last,next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语：Shewastheonlypersontosurviveaftertheearthquake.Tips:不定式在作定语时，有时与被修饰的名词有意义上的主谓关系、同位关系、动宾关系，假如该不定式是不及物动词，它后面须要加上适当介词。Eg.Hesalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.主谓关系Ivenotimetolistentoyourexcuse.同位关系Shehasameetingtoattend.（动宾关系=attendameeting）Theresnothingtoworryabout.(动宾关系=worryaboutnothing)6.作状语不定式可以作状语，表示目的、结果、缘由、条件等。to,inorderto,soasto(不能放在句首)作目的状语Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_intimeforChristmas.A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceiving在soasto,such.asto,onlyto结构中不定式作结果状语，其中onlyto用于表示意想不到的结果。Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadgone.enoughto,tooto结构eg.Theboyisntoldenoughtogotoschool.=Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.形容词（happy,glad,lucky,fortunate,surprised,angry,anxious,ready,quick,slow,cruel,clever等）+不定式结构eg.Imgladtomeetyou.Thequestionisdifferenttoanswer.Heishardtogetalongwith.7.作插入语，用来说明说话人的看法、看法、对整个句子进行说明，如tobefrank（坦白地说），tobesure（的确）等。Eg.Totellyouthetruth,Ihateyou.8.作同位语eg.Theordertostartthegeneralattacksooncame.不定式的复合结构，以it为形式主语或形式宾语引导的复合结构，假如其前的形容词是指行为的性质就用：forsb.todosth.这种复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。ItisnecessaryformetolearnEnglishwell.假如该形容词是指行为的性质，同时又指行为的人，则用ofsb.todosth.。这种句式中的常用形容词有：right,wrong,brave,careful,careless,clever,wise,stupid,cruel,foolish,good,honest,kind,nice,silly等。eg.Itsverykindofyoutocometoseeme.连接代（副）词+不定式（包括whether,what,which,whom,where,when,how,不包括why），在句中起名词的作用，通常跟在诸如tell,know,show,decide,learn,wonder,explain等动词后作宾、主语或表语。Eg.NoonecantellmewheretofindJohn.Whentotheexamisstillunknown.Theproblemishowtogetenoughmoney.不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式不定式的进行式由tobe+V-ing构成，用来表示谓语动词动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行。Eg.SomestudentspretendedtobereadingEnglishwhentheteachercamein.不定式完成式由tohave+V-ed构成，用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。Eg.-IsBobstillperforming?-Imafraidnot.Heissaid_thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenD.tobeleft答案是A不定式的被动式分为一般式被动tobeV-ing和完成式被动tohavebeenV-ed。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动语态。Eg.Itisanhonourformetobeinvitedtotheparty.Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_intimeforChristmas.A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceiving动名词1.动名词的句法功能：动名词由动词加ing构成，与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要起名词作用，在句中担当主语、表语、宾语和定语。作主语，可以干脆放在句首，也可以用先行代词it作为形式主语，而把动名词后置。eg.Seeingisbelieving.(眼见为实)Sayingiseasierthandoing.Collectingstampsisagoodhobby.(单个动名词短语作主语时，动词用单数)动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表答法：Itisnouse(good)+动名词：做某事没有用Eg.Itsnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水难收)Thereisno+动名词(=Itisimpossibletodosth.)Eg.Thereisnoknowingwhatmayhappen.（将来的事无法知道）作表语：通常是说明主语的内容，留意它与谓语动词进行时的区分eg.Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.(此句为SVC结构)可改为：Collectingstampsishishobby.Cf.Heiscollectingstamps.(iscollecting是谓语动词进行时，此句为SVO结构)不能改为：Collectingstampsishe.作宾语A.作及物动词的宾语(enjoy,mind,finish,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,escape,pratise,suggest,keep(on),miss)eg.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldntrisk_thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost答案为B有些动词（attempt,begin,continue,hate,like,love）后面既可以接不定式作宾语，也可以接动名词作宾语，意义差别不大。通常认为用动名词泛指一般的倾向性，用不定式则表示特定或详细某一种动作。Eg.IlikeswimmingbutIdontliketoswiminwinter.动词prefer后面接不定式作宾语时，句子结构与按动名词作宾语是不一样。eg.Iprefertodriveratherthantobedriven.Ipreferdrivingtoriding.有些动词，如forget,remember,regret等，后面接动名词表示的动作先于谓语动词动作，不定式表示的动作后于谓语动词。Eg.Whenaskedbypolice,hesaidthatheremembered_atheparty,butnot_.A.toarrive,leavingB.toarrive,toleaveC.arriving,leavingD.arriving,toleave在下列句型中动名词作真正宾语：动词+it（形式宾语）+宾补+动名词（真正宾语）eg.Ithinkitnousetellingthem.Wethinkitnogoodinvitingtohim.B.作介词的宾语Eg.Thepresidentspokeatthebusinessmeetingfornearlyanhour_hisnotes.A.bringingupB.referringtoC.lookingforD.tryingonbeusedtodoing习惯于做；lookforwardtodoing盼望做；devoteoneslifetodoing致力于做；spenttime(in)doing花时间做；befondofdoing宠爱做；begoodatdoing擅长做；beproudofdoing为做而骄傲；betiredofdoing对做感到厌倦；feellikedoing欲想做；goondoing接着做（原来的事）；keepondoing不停地做；whataboutdoing做怎么样；thinkofdoing考虑做；beinterestedindoing对做感爱好；havesomedifficulty/trouble(in)doing做某事有困难；bebusy(in)doing忙于做；insteadofdoing做而不做eg.EverybodyinthevillagelikesJackbecauseheisgoodattellingand_jokes.A.turningupB.puttingupC.makingupD.showingup答案为C作定语动名词可作前置定语，表示所修饰的词的用途或目的，可用for改写；而现在分词作定语时，可用定语从句改写。swimmingpoolwaitingroomwalkingstickasleepingcar=acarforsleepingasleepingchild=achildwhoissleeping作同位语eg.Thatsthequeensfull-timejob,layingeggs.这就是蚁后的专职工作产卵。2动名词的逻辑主语人称代词做逻辑主语时应用全部格，即形容词性物主代词。Eg.Doyoumindingmysmokinghere?逻辑主语是不定代词或指示代词时，很少用全部格，而用一般格。Eg.Hewasawakenedbysomeoneknockingthedoor.Theresnoneedforthatbeingdone.逻辑主语是名词时，用全部格，但是假如名词为无生命物体时，则用一般格。Eg.MaryslaughingmadeTomangry.Thereisnohopingofthefactorymakingprofit.在口语中，动名词假如不在句首，可以用名词一般格或人称代词宾格作逻辑主语。Eg.Ireallycantunderstand_herlikethat.A.youtreatB.youtotreatC.whytreatD.youtreating3.动名词的完成式、一般式被动和完成式被动。Eg.Afterhavingfinishhiswork,hewenthome.Heattendedthemeetingwithoutbeingasked.Shenevertoldmeaboutherhavingbeeninterviewedbythepolice. 被动语态复习被动语态复习语态(Voice)，作为一个语法范畴，是表示主语和动词之间的主动或被动关系的动词行式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(ActiveVoice)和被动语态(PassiveVoice)。当主语为动作执行者即施动者时，动词用主动态；假如主语是动作的承受者即受动者时，动词便用被动态。例如：(1)JohnhelpedPeter.(2)PeterwashelpedbyJohn.句(1)helped是主动态；句(2)washelped是被动态,可见主动态是无标记的，而被动态是有标记的。构成被动语态由助动词be的时态之一和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可用于各种时态，其时态改变通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。如：一般现在时的被动态构成形式为助动词am/is/are+过去分词；而一般过去时的被动态构成形式为was/were+过去分词。本册要驾驭的被动语态形式有：一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词e.g.Footballisplayedallovertheworld.Imoftenaskedtodothiswork.我经常被派做这项工作。一般过去时：was/were+过去分词e.g.Theterracottawarriorswerefoundin1974nearXian.Theywerediscoveredbyworkersinafieldoutsidethecity.Whenwasthebuildingcompleted?这座大楼什么时候建成的？一般将来时：will(shall)+be+过去分词begoingto+be+过去分词e.g.Theresultoftheexamwillbeknownsoon.Theyaregoingtobegivenadifficulttest.一般过去将来时：should(would)be+过去分词e.g.Theteachersaidtheresultswouldbepublishedsoon.Hetoldmethatthefilmwouldbeshownthenextweek.现在进行时：am/is/are+being+过去分词e.g.Thenewairportisbeingbuiltbyaforeigncompany.一家外国公司正在承建这座新机场。Thesongisbeingsungbythegirlsnow.过去进行时：was/werebeing+过去分词e.g.ThesongwasbeingsungbythegirlswhenIgotthere.ThestudentwasbeingcriticizedwhenIwentintotheteachersoffice.将来完成时：willhavebeen+过去分词e.g.Bytheendofnextterm2000Englishwordswillhavebeenlearned.Thebuildingwillhavebeenbuiltbynextyear.现在完成时：has/have+been+过去分词e.g.Alltheticketshavebeensold.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.这本书已被译成多种语言。过去完成时：hadbeen+过去分词e.g.Fortyschoolshadbeenvisitedbylastyear.AlltheticketshadbeensoldoutwhenIgottothecinema.过去将来完成时：wouldhavebeen+过去分词e.g.Hesaidmanywordswouldhavebeenlearnedby2022.Theypromisedthattenbookswouldhavebeenpublishedbythenextmonth.情态动词：情态动词+be+过去分词e.g.Thisroadmustbemended.Themachinepartsmaybeneededinourwork.工作中可能须要这些机器零部件。动词不定式：tobe+过去分词e.g.Imgladtobeaskedquestions.Itisimpossibleforlosttimetobemadeup.失去的时间不行弥补。主要用法被动态常用于下列几种场合：1当不知道或不必提出动作的执行者时（这时都不带由by引起的短语）；PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina.印刷术是从中国引入欧洲的。TheairplanewasmadeinU.S.Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren.这种书是为儿童写的。2.动作的承受者是谈话的中心（这时可带有由by引起的短语）；Thesongwascomposedbyastudent.这首歌曲是一个学生谱写的。Thousandsofriversarepollutedinthecountry.3.出于礼貌措词等缘由而不愿说出动作执行者是谁。Youarerequestedtogethereintime.请您准时来这儿。带行为主体的被动态行为主体就是动作的执行者，即执行动词所表达的动作的人或物。在被动句中，往往不提及行为主体；但当强调动作的执行者时，可用介词by引出行为(by+主体行为主体),置于被动态句的末尾，说明是什么人或物应对有关事务负责。e.g.Thevillagewasdestroyedbyabomb.这个村庄毁于炸弹。Thepaintingisveryvaluable.ItwaspaintedbyVanGogh.这幅画很值钱，它是梵高画的。其它用法补充1.“It+被动语态+that从句”。表示谨慎或不太确定的语气。常用于该结构的动词有：say,think,believe,agree,expect,consider,feel,know,decide,report,suggest,prove等。e.g.Itissaidthatpriceswillriseagainthismonth.据说本月物价还将上涨。Itisthoughtthataboutamilliondogsareborneachyear.据认为每年约有一百条狗诞生。Itisreportedthatallthepassengersdiedinthecrash.据报导全部乘客在那次飞机坠毁中遇难。Itisagreedthatwewillhavetwoweeksholidaythisyear.2.用于通告标题广告等的被动态往往省去助动词be。e.g.NoChinesespokenhere.Shoesrepaired.FamousPaintingStolen.名画被盗。第17页 共17页第 17 页 共 17 页第 17 页 共 17 页第 17 页 共 17 页第 17 页 共 17 页第 17 页 共 17 页第 17 页 共 17 页第 17 页 共 17 页第 17 页 共 17 页第 17 页 共 17 页第 17 页 共 17 页