定语从句讲解及练习课件-高三英语二轮复习.pptx

定语从句定语从句1.She brought with her three friends,some of _ I had ever met before.A them B who C whom D these2.A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.A who B whom C whose D whoever3.Theyve won their last three matches,_ I find a bit surprising actually.A that B when C what D which4.Ive reached a point in my life_ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A which B where C how D why5.The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.A in it B in C in that D in which6.The boss in _ department Mr.King worked had heard about the accident.A which B what C that D whoseCCDBBD定语定语定语定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词分词、不定不定式式、介词短语介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）例：The girl behind the tree is Kate.The man driving too fast was a drunk.定语从句定语从句放在主句中的某一名词名词或代词代词之后，起修饰限定或补充说明作用的从句从句叫定语从句。例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.He lent me some money,which is very generous of him先行词和关系词先行词和关系词q先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。q关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。q先行词、关系词先行词、关系词/引导词引导词对等对等 代替代替 That is the bike which my father bought for me.先行词先行词关系词关系词 bikeq关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定 语语从句中充当某种成分。从句中充当某种成分。定语从句的引导词：定语从句的引导词：关系代词：关系代词：who,whom,which,that,as,whose关系副词：关系副词：when,where,why如何区分关系代词和关系副词？如何区分关系代词和关系副词？在选择引导词时，最重要的是分析一下在选择引导词时，最重要的是分析一下定语从句中的成分，定语从句中的成分，若从句中缺主语、宾语若从句中缺主语、宾语或表语或表语，那么必须要用，那么必须要用关系代词关系代词；若从句中；若从句中不缺不缺主语、宾语或表语，那么必须要用主语、宾语或表语，那么必须要用关系关系副词。副词。Do you still remember the days_ we spent in Qingdao?Do you still remember the days_ we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao?that/which/省略省略when试比较：试比较：关系代词的使用方法关系代词的使用方法定语从句常用的关系代词有：that、who(m)、whose、which等。1.that指人或物，在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语。（作宾语时可省.）1)Have you found the bike that you lost?Have you found the bike which you lost?Have you found the bike you lost?2)She is the girl（that/who/whom）I went with there.2.which 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略;作宾语可以省略。(which 与that 指物时可以互相代替，that 更常见。）1)His father works in a factory that makes TV sets.His father works in a factory which makes TV sets.2)The film that we saw last night was very wonderful.The film which we saw last night was very wonderful.The film 省略 we saw last night was very wonderful.3.who 指人(既它的先行词必须是人),在从句中作主语或宾语。但whom 是宾格,只能作宾语。(that也指人.代替who,whom,可作主语或宾语)1)The girls who werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates.The girls that werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates.2)He knew the teacher who we met yesterday.He knew the teacher whom we met yesterday.He knew the teacher(that)we met yesterday.4.whose 是代词的所有格形式是代词的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。它既可以代人也可以代物。q I saw a woman.Her bag was stolen.I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.qPlease show me the book.Its cover is red.Please show me the book whose cover is red.1)This is the hero(whom)we are proud of.This is the hero of whom we are proud.This is the hero(that)we are proud of.2)She is the girl whom I went with there.She is the girl with whom I went there.She is the girl that I went with there.She is the girl 省略 I went with there.注意:固定动介词组不可分割固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前介词不能提前.例如例如:look after,look at v关系代词与介词关系代词与介词 介词放在关系代词的前面时介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用介词宾语只能用which代物代物,和和whom代人代人。(介词在末尾时介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略关系词可以省略)3)The room(that)I live in is very big.The room(which)I live in is very big.The room in which I live is very big.The room where I live is very big.Here are the picture-books that the children are looking for.Here are the picture-books which the children are looking for.Here are the picture-books the children are looking for.As 引导定语从句引导定语从句1、当先行词前有、当先行词前有such the sameas连用，用连用，用as 代指代指物在从句中做主语或宾语物在从句中做主语或宾语 This is the same pen as I bought yesterday 2、在非限制性定语从句中：、在非限制性定语从句中：表示的意思是表示的意思是 正如、正象正如、正象其引导的定语从句即可以放在主句之前也可以放在主其引导的定语从句即可以放在主句之前也可以放在主句之后。句之后。The Pacific is the largest ocean,as we all know.As we expect,we won the game Whose 引导定语从句引导定语从句 在定语从句中作定语，先行词既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语，先行词既可指人，也可指物。例如：例如：The classroom,whose doors face the south,is ours.My best friend Tom,whose father is a policeman,often helps me with my homework.注意：注意：whose 兼做兼做 who和和which 的所有格形式，因此的所有格形式，因此 指人时，指人时，whose+n.=the+n.+of whom 或或 =of whom+the+n.指物时，指物时，whose+n.=the+n.+of which 或或 =of which+the+n.The classroom,whose face the south,is ours.=the doors of which/of which the doors face the south,is ours.例如：例如：This kind of book is for children,whose native language is Chinese=the native language of whom is Chinese关系副词的用法：关系副词的用法：关系副词关系副词和关系代词一样，和关系代词一样，o 在从句中代替先行词。在从句中代替先行词。o在句中在句中作状语作状语。o连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。关系副词关系副词有有三种三种：where:在从句中作在从句中作地点状语地点状语,指代地点指代地点.(on/in/atwhich)when:在从句中作在从句中作时间状语时间状语,指代时间。指代时间。(on/inwhich)why:在从句中作在从句中作原因状语原因状语,指代原因。指代原因。the reason why 关系副词的用法：关系副词的用法：1.where 的用法：的用法：(先行词应是地点名词）先行词应是地点名词）The hotel wasnt clean.+We stayed =The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel which/that we stayed at wasnt clean The hotel 关系词略关系词略we stayed at wasnt clean.at the hotel.We stayedthere.先行词先行词关系词关系词高考中高考中where的考察需注意一：的考察需注意一：地点的模糊化（或抽象的地点）地点的模糊化（或抽象的地点）先行词常为先行词常为 situation,case,point,activity,position,job 等。等。Its helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.A.that B.when C.which D.where DThe accident had reached to a point _both their parents are to be called in.A which B.that C.where D.whenC高考中高考中where的考察需注意二：的考察需注意二：Where Where 引导定语从句可放在介词引导定语从句可放在介词 from from 的后面，表示的后面，表示更加精确的地点。更加精确的地点。1、from 后面本身就可以接介词短语表示精确的地点，如：后面本身就可以接介词短语表示精确的地点，如：A dog jumped out from under the table A voice came from behind me2、Look over there,some people are standing under the big tree,from where they can enjoy the whole view.from where=from under the tree2.when的用法：的用法：（先行词应是表示时间的名词）先行词应是表示时间的名词）Ill never forget the day.+I joined the League on that day.Ill never forget the day on which I joined the League.Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.从从句句1.A friend of mine from _ I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.A how B whom C when D which 2.She went to Japan 2 years ago,since _ I havent heard from her.A it B which C when D thatCC3.why的用法：的用法：常用于常用于 reason 的后面。的后面。The reason _Im calling you is to invite you to a party.The reason_ he explained to me is unbelievable.(which/that)why限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：1.限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。书写时不如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。书写时不用逗号分开。例如：用逗号分开。例如：I was the only person in my office who was invited.2.非限制性定语从句同主句的关系不十分密切，只是非限制性定语从句同主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作附加或补充的说明，不起限制的作用，如对先行词作附加或补充的说明，不起限制的作用，如果省去，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。果省去，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。Last week I met John,who seemed to be very excited.区别：区别：1 1、前者不用逗号，而后者用逗号隔开；、前者不用逗号，而后者用逗号隔开；2 2、前者可用、前者可用 thatthat代替代替 which/who/whom,which/who/whom,而后者不用而后者不用thatthat；3 3、前者引导词做宾语时可省略，而后者不能省略引导词。前者引导词做宾语时可省略，而后者不能省略引导词。其他需要注意的几点：其他需要注意的几点：Flowers of warFlowers of war is one of the most wonderful movies that _ been made by Director Zhang Yimou.(have/has)The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that _ seen from the moon.(is/are)注意注意1、先行词为、先行词为 one of+one of+复数名词复数名词复数名词复数名词 时，定语从句用复数；先行词时，定语从句用复数；先行词为为 the only one of+the only one of+复数名词复数名词复数名词复数名词 是，定语从句用单数：是，定语从句用单数：注意：注意：not the only one of =one of 如：如：Tom isnt the only one of the boys who have passed the exam.=Tom is one of the boys who have passed the exam.注意注意2、当先行词为当先行词为 way,且意为且意为“方式、方法方式、方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词有三种形式时，引导定语从句的关系词有三种形式:The way that/in which/that/in which/不填不填不填不填 he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand试比较：试比较：The way that/which/that/which/不填不填不填不填 he explained to us was quite simple.What surprised me was not what he said but the way _ he said it.A which B how C that D whichCThis is the second time _ he has visited our city.A that B which C when D in whichA注意注意3、当先行词为、当先行词为 time 时，时，意思为意思为“次数次数”，用关系，用关系代词代词 that,做宾语时可省略做宾语时可省略I could hardly remember how many times(that)Ive failed.II.单项选择。1.This is the job _they laughed at.A.which B.as C.it D.who 2.Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ago.A.where was B.that were C.which was D.where3.Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting?A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw who D.she was seen4.The man _is painting the house is my uncle.A.he B.whom C.whose D.who5.What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket?A.who B.whose C.its D.which6.This book is for the students _native language isnt English.A.that B.of whom C.whose D.whos7.The robbers shouted,“Hands up!Ill shoot anyone _moves!”A.whom B.that C.who D.whose8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is very useful.A.which B.for which C.on which D.about which9The boy_parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now.A.whose B.who C.his D/10.The man_is smoking is a tailor.A.whom B.who C.which D.what _ACBDBCCAAB