动词时态讲义--2023届高考英语一轮复习.docx

动词时态讲义英语时态共分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的 进行时、完成时和完成进行时。高考常考的时态按照现在时态家族、过去时态家族以及将 来时态家族划分，共有以下12个时态。1.一般现在时(do/does; is/am/are)1)表示现在或近期的经常性、习惯性动作或状态特征。We have meals three times a day.Mr. Smith is a doctor.John runs fast.He is always ready to help others.2)表示客观真理、客观规律或科学事实。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.3)常与always, often, usually, sometimes, every day等时间状语连用，表示经常发生 的动作或存在的状态。The boy plays basketball every Saturday.4)一般现在时代指将来，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。仅限于某些表示“来(come)、去(go)、动(move/run)、停(stop)、开始(begin/start)、结 束(end)”等的动词，可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 常见的用法体现在：飞机、火车、 轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.5)一般现在时代还常用于指将来，在时间状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状语从句中 经常用一般现在表示将的来事情.(即:主将从现原则)I'll go with you as soon as I finish my work.I will call you as soon as I arrive at the airport.We won't go if it rains.2现在进行时（am/is/are doing）1）表示在说话的此时此刻正在进行或发生的动作或当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的 动作或状态。He is listening to English songs now.2）表示目前一段时间内一直在做的事情或存在的状态，但不一定此时此刻正在做。He is learning law at present.He is presently living in New York.I am studying music this term.3）现在进行时可以表示将来的含义。I am leaving this afternoon我下午要离开了。I am flying to the south tonight.今晚我要飞往南方。I am travelling next month.下个月我要去旅行。4）现在进行时常与always, forever, constantly等副词连用，带有厌恶、赞扬等感情色彩。He is always helping others.他总是帮助别人。She is always telling people about her glorious past.她总是跟别人讲她辉煌的过去。3.现在完成时（have/has done）1）表示一个动作开始于过去，并于过去结束，但对当下（现在）产生了影响。It's so cold inside the room. Who has opened the window?2）表示一个动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在。I love basketball and I have played it for 9 years.The couple have been married for 10 years.3）常与 already, just, yet, recently, lately,currently,so far, up to now, until now, up to date, in/for/during/over the last/past 10 months,since, ever since 等时间状语连，表示一段时间以来的动作或状态。I have been sad for the past few years.Up to now, I have learned 3000 English words.4现在完成进行时（have/has been doing）1）某一个动作于过去某个时间开始、一直持续到现在、动作此时正在进行、动作还可 能持续下去。We have been working on this project for over a month now.到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月时间了。2）动作已于过去某个时间开始，动作持续到现在，过程中从未间断。Allen Guo has been playing on CBA for more than 10 years.5 .一般过去时（did; was/we re）1）表示某个动作或情况发生于过去，并结束了，常与a moment ago, then, yesterday, the other day, just now, last month, in 2010, at that time, in those days 等表示过去的时间状语连 用。I bought some food yesterday.H.G. Wells wrote this science fiction story in 1895.Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike.2）表示过去时间内连续发生的几个动作。In the dark, Philip got up, had breakfast and left the house.3)表示过去时间内经常的或习惯性的动作或状态。When I was a boy, I often swam in that river.After lunch, Dad usually had a nap in the bedroom.6 .过去将来时(would do)表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事.即“站过去看将来”。Mary said yesterday she would buy a gift for his son if he made progress in the coming exam.7 .过去进行时(was/ were doing)1)表示在过去某个具体时刻正在发生的动作。Mary was listening to light music at 9 this morning.今天早上9点，玛丽正在听轻音乐。2)表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情。I was travelling in London last summer vacation.去年暑假我在伦敦旅行。3)come, go, stay, leave等动词的过去将来时可以用来表示过去将来时，表示按计划或安 排要做某事。We were leaving very early so we packed the night before.8 .过去完成时(had done)表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的"过去的过去"，或“更过去”。Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.Until then, his family hadn't heard from him for six months.到那时为止，他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。I arrived at school at 7 this morning, before that, I had breakfast at home.9 .过去完成进行时(had been doing)表示截止到过去具体某时刻，某件事已经持续发生或进行了多久。Mary had been crying until her parents reached home.All of us had been searching for Mary until she appeared.All of us had been searching for Mary before yesterday.10 .一般将来时l)w川 do表示临时决定。Mary has been ill for a week.Oh, I didn't know. I will go and see her.表示客观将来。Fish will die without water.离开水，鱼会死。2)am/is/are going to do表示心中早有计划、早有打算要做某事。I am going to play basketball this weekend.表示从客观迹象看，很可能或即将发生的事情，表推测。Look at the dark clouds in the sky. It's going to rain.重点讲解有些动词如come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start等，其一般现在时和现在进行时均可以表 示按计划、安排将来要发生的动作或状态。区别在于：表示常态化、固定化、有规律的安排，如交通时间表或某人通勤时间表，要用一般 现在时指将来。The train leaves Nanjing at 2 pm. this afternoon.The cleaner cleans the ground at 7 this morning.表示某一次具体、非常态无规律的情况，要用现在进行时指将来。Today is my birthday. My uncle is coming to my home at about 7 this evening.3)am/is/are about to do表示“即将、正要”时，可用。说完即发生的事。Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.4)be to do表示某事早已规划好，时间到了即发生。She is to get married on National Day.该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一种命令、 规劝性语气。You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. It's 12 now.11 .将来进行时(will be doing)强调在将来某个具体时刻将正在发生的动作或事情。Don't call me at 7 tomorrow morning, because I will be sleeping then.12 .将来完成时(will have done)表示截止到将来的某一具体时刻，某件事已经持续了多久或已经完成了。The conference will have lasted a full week by the time it ends.We will have graduated by next June.