英语新设计江苏专用版选修六讲义Unit1PeriodTwo.docx

Period Two Word power & Grammar and usagePart I Language Focus课前颈习学前热身，成竹在胸I .单词自测1. fitness n.健壮，健康；适合及"你适合的；健康的V.（使）适合n.合身slrenglhen vt.& 5.增强；巩固strength n.力量strong 力.强壮的,结实的Darticipate 5.参力口, 参与participant n.参加者，参与者participation n.参加，参与2. deep-brealhing c©.深呼吸的positive。力.积极的:正面的；肯定的negative a亦消极的;反面的；否认的guarantee vt. & n.保证；担保3. foolishness n. 愚蠢foolish adj.愚蠢的II .短语默写in charge 掌管1. be supposed to 应该be made up of 由组成occur to sb被某人想起，突然浮现于某人脑海participate in 参加2. drive away驱赶；赶走要点探究I互动课堂，高效学习 单词 Loccur H发生，出现【语境感悟（1）（教材 P6）This means all the action occurs at one time, in one place.11接作主语非谓语动词I)非谓语动词I)非谓语动词I)岫队用i【作形式主语,柞谓语动词作真正主语作前设定语、后设定语e/动词不定式表将来区别现在分词表主动、进行长过去分词表械动、完成动词表示名词的性质、功能等判断与宾语的关系K包k 作使役动词、感它和心理状态动词的宾补陶国精讲一、动词不定式和动名词作主语.动词不定式和动名词作主语的异同动词不定式和动名词都可以作主语。动词不定式作主语多表示具体的或一次性的动作，动名 词作主语那么多表示抽象概念或一般性的动作或情况。To play with fire in the room will be dangerous.在房间里玩火是危险的。（指具体动作）Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火是危险的。（泛指玩火）.当动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，有些情况下该动词不定式前面还可以加“for/of 十代词（宾格）”结构，该代词作动词不定式的逻辑主语。It will take us half a day to participate in the activity.参加这项活动将花费我们半天的时间。It is difficult for us to come up with a solution to the problem in an hour.对我们来说在一个小时之内想出这个问题的解决方法是困难的。1 .当动名词作主语时，常用it作形式主语。如在It is no use/no good/not any use/not any good/useless doing s由句式中，就是用it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语。It is no use arguing with him.和他争论是没有用的。二、动词不定式、分词和动名词作定语.动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语，应位于所修饰词之后，也就是作后置定语。动词不定式常常放在名词或 不定代词后面作后置定语，其逻辑主语往往是句子的主语，故动词不定式作定语时往往用主 动式。Do you have anything to do tonight?你今晚有什么事要做吗？（主动：do的逻辑主语是you）名师点津（1）当被修饰的词与动词不定式之间为被动关系时，假设该动词是不及物动词，要根据句子的需 要在动词不定式后加上适当的介词，这个介词的选用取决于被修饰词或动词不定式本身的要 求。She is a very nice person to work with.她是一个很好共事的人。This is an important issue to talk about.这是一个要谈论的重要话题。I need a pen to write with.我需要一支钢笔写字。（2）动词不定式经常修饰以下名词：ability能力，本领；chance机会；courage勇气；intention 意向，意图；wish希望，愿望；way方法。As a comedian, I have the courage to make fun of myself.作为一名喜剧演员，我有嘲弄自己的勇气。在由only, first, last, next以及其他序数词或形容词最高级修饰的词后，也常接动词不定 式作定语。Who was the only one to stand up for us?唯一支持我们的人是谁？1 .分词作定语分词作定语，其逻辑主语是分词修饰的名词或代词。现在分词（短语）作定语，分词所表示动 作发生的时间有两种：一是表示正在进行的动作，变为从句时需要用进行时态；二是表示经 常性的动作或现在的状态，变为从句时用一般时态。而过去分词（短语）作定语表示动作在谓 语所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。一般来说，如果逻辑主语与分词是主动 关系，那么选用现在分词；如果是被动关系，那么选用过去分词。换句话说，及物动词的过去分 词作定语，被修饰词与它之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现在已经完成。 而被修饰词与现在分词之间是主动关系，表示动作与谓语动作同时发生，而且表示进行。The man standing by the window is our previous English teacher.站在窗边的那个人是我们先前的英语老师。（the man与stand构成主动关系）An island is a piece of land completely surrounded by water.岛屿就是一片完全被水围绕的陆地。（land与surround构成被动关系）名师点津单个分词作定语，往往放在被修饰词之前；分词短语作定语，一般要放在被修 饰词的后面。China is a developing country.中国是一个开展中国家。The boy tripping over a chair is Tom's younger brother.被椅子绊倒的那个男孩是汤姆的弟弟。2 .动名词作定语动名词作定语修饰名词，表示该名词的性质、功能等。He can't walk without a walking stick.没有拐杖他不能走路。Is there a swimming pool in your school?你们学校有游泳池吗？名师点津动词不定式作定语表示将来的动作，现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作，过 去分词作定语表示过去的动作或被动含义。现在分词的被动式作定语表示正在进行的被动， 动词不定式的被动式作定语表示将来的被动。The building to be built next year is our new teaching building.明年要建造的那库楼是我们的新教学楼。The school built last year is intended for the disabled children.去年建的学校是为残障儿童而建的。The building being built now is our new teaching building.现在正在建造的那座楼是我们的新教学楼。三、动词不定式和分词作宾语补足语.动词不定式作宾语补足语英语中有些动词能够接动词不定式作宾语补足语，常见的这类动词有advise,allow, ask, invite, order, tell, want, wish 等。The doctor advised her not to eat too much sugar.医生建议她不要吃太多的糖。I wish you to watch the performance with me.我希望你和我一起去看这次演出。1 .分词作宾语补足语分词作宾语补足语，其逻辑主语是宾语。现在分词作宾语补足语时宾语与它之间是主动关系， 过去分词作宾语补足语时宾语与它之间是被动关系。The little girl had the light burning all night long.这个小女孩一整夜都让灯亮着。(light与burn之间是主动关系)ril have my hair cut.我要找人理发。(hair与cut之间是被动关系)能跟过去分词或现在分词作宾语补足语的动词大致可分为以下几类：(l)make, get, have, keep等使役动词，此类动词使用范围最广。The thief kept the money hidden in shoes.那个小偷把钱藏在鞋里。We need to get the machine repaired at once.我们需要立即找人修理这台机器。(2)see, hear, feel, find等表示感官和心理状态的动词。We saw Jack mourning his pet dog's death.我们看到杰克正在为他宠物狗的死感到悲伤。The mother can't stand seeing her baby left alone at home.那个母亲不能忍受看到她的宝宝被单独一人留在家里。We heard the old lady chatting with her neighbour.我们听到那位老太太正在和她的邻居聊天。名师点津在"四看"(see, look at, watch, notice)"二听"(hear, listen to) “一感觉"(feel) 以及使役动词make, have后跟动词不定式作宾补时，要省略动词不定式符号to。但变为被动 结构时，lo要加上。Wc heard the old lady chat with her neighbour.我们听到那位老太太和她的邻居聊天了。He was made to do exercise to improve his fitness by the doctor.医生让他锻炼身体以增进健康。 跟踪 1 .用所给单词的适当形式填空Determining(determine) where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.1. But unlike school friends, 16yearold Sarah is not spending half-term rcsting(rcst).2. Don't only look at other people dance(dance).3. The workers were made to work(work)day and night.4. Her library used to be a meeting(meet)place for all who loved books and liked to share knowledge.5. Working(work) with the medical team in Africa has brought out the best in her as a doctor.6. I myself went through this searching(scarch) process and found something that has changed my experience at college for the better： I discovered ASL-American Sign Language(美式手语).7. This newness just left me wanting(want)inore.8. “It was absolutely out of control, thousands of e-mails, people around the world sharing(share) their stories of travel.nJim has retired, but he still remembers the happy lime spent(spend) with his students.n.单项填空I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train. (2017-天津高考)A. catchingB. caughtC. to catchD. to be caught答案C解析 根据 I was watching the clock all through the meeting 可知，"我”要赶火车,同时,I 与catch之间是主动关系，应选C。1. Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online their valuabletime.(2017北京高考)A. saveB. savingC. to saveD. saved答案C解析 句意：为了节省乘客珍贵的时间，许多航空公司现在允许乘客在网上打印登机卡。由 句意可知，不定式短语作目的状语。2. lb return to the problem of water pollution, rd like you to look at a studyin Australiain 2012.(2016浙江高考)A. having conductedB. to be conductedC. conductingD. conducted答案D解析 句意：为了再讨论一下水污染的问题，我想让大家看一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研 究。a study与conduct之间是被动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。此题中return to是 正式用语，表示“再讨论，重新处理（某个主题）”之意。3. In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message within the work.（2016江苏高考）A. to hideB. hiddenC. hidingD. being hidden答案B解析 句意：进行艺术评论时，你得假设艺术家在作品中藏了一个隐秘信息。四个选项都是 hide的非谓语动词形式，关键看a secret message和hide是什么关系。它们是被动关系，应选 B项hidden作后置定语。Dr.Lee from his two - year medical service in Africa, Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home.（2015陕西高考）A. takingB. takenC. takeD. be taken答案B解析 句意：李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务，回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很 好他很高兴。此处是“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，宾语补足语可以是do,doing或者done。 此处his mother与take good care of之间是被动关系，应选B项。6. It's standard practice fbr a company like this one a security officcr.（2014-山东 高考）A. employedB. being employedC. to employD. employs答案C解析 分析句子结构可知，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的“a security officer”; 再根据句型 “It is+儿+ for sb lo do slh”，应选 lo employ。7. your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions。14湖南高考）A. UnderstandingB. To be understoodC. Being understoodD. Having understood答案A解析 your own needs and styles of communication作题干的主语，应用动名词形式； 因为“了解”的动作由自己发出，用主动动作；且是陈述一个客观事实，用动名词的一般式， 应选AoToday there arc more airplanes more people than ever before in the skics.(2014-大纲全国卷)A. carryB. carryingC. carriedD. to be carrying答案B解析 句意：现在天空中比以前有更多的飞机，这些飞机能搭载更多的人。分析句子结构可 知，此处是there be结构，主语more airplanes后接了非谓语动词；并且airplanes与carry之 间为主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，所以B项正确。课时作业沙场练兵，大显身手I .词形变换The Derformer gained warm applause for her perfect perfoneance on the stage.(perform)The variety (vary) of a magazine provides the readers with an important cultural experience.1. She convinced us of her fitness (fit) for the job.2. It is sharing that slrenglhens (strong) the friendship between us.3. It was foolish (fool) of him to refer to his notes during that important test, and as a result, he got punished.n.单项填空一Why did you go to the wrong office?一Well, I forgot which room I was to go to.A. demandedB. hopedC. supposedD. suggested答案C解析 be supposed to do sth为考查固定搭配“应该做某事Alan.Tellry to any excuse, Alan.Tell me why you didn't come to school today.A. show upB. make upC. bring upD. keep up答案B解析 make up在这里意思是“编造"。showup出现；bringup抚养，呕吐；keepup保持， 16/22维持。3. To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their andweaknesses.A. strengthsB. benefitsC. techniquesD. values答案A解析strength此处意为“长处，优势”，应选A。4. As a young man he the students' movements and later died fbr his homeland.A. joinedB. attendedC. participated inD. took part答案C解析 participate in参加（活动、运动等）。take part in, join in也可表示此意。attend指出席会 议，参加婚礼等。5. Who do you have the problem?A. solveB. to solveC. solvingD. solved答案A解析 还原成陈述语序you have who solve后，发现此题考查have sb do sth, have后加不带lo 的不定式作宾语补足语。6. In spring people often get trees here and there.A. plantB. to plantC. plantingD. planted答案D解析 在这里，树木只能是“被种植”，故用“get+宾语+过去分词”的形式。7. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and less than 40 poundsmust be in a child safety seat.A. being weighedB. to weighC. weighedD. weighing答案D解析 句意：交通规那么规定4岁以下以及体重缺乏40磅的儿童必须坐在儿童安全座椅里。分 析句子结构可以看出，横线上的词及less than 40 pounds一起作定语，修饰children; children与weigh之间构成主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语，表示主动。8. at my classmates, faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.A. LookingB. LookC. To lookD. Looked答案A解析 句意：看着我的同学们的脸庞，我读懂了他们眼中同样的兴奋。look与句子的主语I 之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。9. I'm calling to enquire about the position in yesterday's China Daily.A. advertisedB. to be advertisedC. advertisingD. having advertised答案A解析advertised.关昨天在中国日报上刊登广告（招聘）6勺职位。advertised.是过去分词短 语作后置定语，被修饰词position与advertise是被动关系。10. I noticed my little son the words on his small blackboard.A. read； writingB. reading； writingC. to read； writtenD. read； written答案D解析 句意：我注意到我的小儿子读写在小黑板上的单词。notice sb do sth看见某人做某事； words和write是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，修饰words。应选D。in.阅读理解Laughter is pain“Why are you so funny? ” "You're hilarious（极其滑稽的）! How do you do it? ” “Do you know how funny you are? ” lot.Butpeople.Theylot.But Ihe thing is, people make assumptions about funny people.They forget that funny people can be sad because we mistake that laughter for happiness, and that happiness fbr strength.In light of Robin Williams, recent and tragic death, I want to write about what it really means to be someone who is funny.Here's the difference between someone who has an innate（天生的）sense of humour and someone who does not.I see humour in everyday moments and the other person does nol.Not only do I find regular, seemingly uninteresting moments funny, I also know how to communicate them so that a person who wouldn't normally find them humorous docs.Finding humour in everyday moments is a way to be artificially happy all the tiine.Often, you'll find that comedians are the saddest, most depressed beings there are out there.We use humour to transform the pain, but once the audience leaves, we're reminded of what was underneath the smiles and nods.Humour is our way of masking our unhappiness.lt seems slightly ironic, but since when has human behavior ever made sense?It's not a bad thing to be light-hearted about the world, but the problem is, few people are.I am not light-hearted. I may come off that way, but I don't feel that way. People see what they want to see, and they don't bother to dig deeper following first impressions.There's no need to worry about the girl who is so closely followed by laughter.I can't speak fbr the great Robin Williams, but I can say that I know what it's like to feel hopeless, to not want to get out of bed in the morning.But there are moments in life I wouldn't give up for anything： Seeing a smile on my brother's face after he wins a tennis match, the satisfaction of having a meal so delicious that you can't believe it's real, getting a kiss from a loved one.Those are the moments worth living for, and those are the moments that don't need sugar coating.They are real and they are mine.They are the things that keep me going and they don't need laughter to make me happy.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。喜剧演员的生活真的如我们想象的那样吗？ 一 位好的喜剧演员有什么特点呢？作者生活中力量和幸福的源泉来自哪里呢？快来读一下本文 吧。1. What is the author's main purpose in writing the article?A. To teach the readers how to become a funny and happy person.B. To tell the readers what the world of comedians is really like.C. To grieve over（哀悼）lhe recent and tragic death of Robin Wiliams.这就是说所有的演出都是在同一个时间、同一个地点发生的。(2)1 suppose it didn't occur to you to phone the police?我想你根本就没打 报警吧？(3)It suddenly occurred to me that we could use a robot to do the job.我突然想到我们可以用机器人来做这项工作。归纳拓展sth occurs to sb某人想起某事It occurs/occurred to sb+that 从句 某人想起即时跟踪完成句子例如，中国很可能发生年轻劳动力的大幅度下降。A great decline in young workforce is likely lo occur in China, fbr instance.他从来没有想到他会在教学事业上获得如此巨大的成功。It never occurred I。 him that he would make such a great success in teaching career.A good idea me suddenly.A. occurredB. happenedC. occurred toD. happened to答案C解析sth occur(s) to sb某人突然想到某事；sth h叩pen(s) lo sb某事发生在某人身上，某人遇 上某事。2.strengthen v.加强,巩固语境感悟(1)(教材 P9)This is because laughter strengthens the heart and the lungs.这是因为大笑能增强心脏能力与肺活量。(2)The wind strengthened during the night.夜里风刮得更大了。(3)0nc idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories.一个观点是睡觉帮助我们增强新的记忆。(4)He helped me identify my strengths and weaknesses.他帮助我认清了我的优缺点。归纳拓展To explain why the author has a good sense of humour.答案B解析 主旨大意题。第一段作者先引用了别人的几个问题，然后说“In light of Robin Williams' recent and tragic death, I want to write about what it really means to be someone who is funny. ”。 在接下来的几段里作者阐述了自己的观点。由此可知应选B项。2. The underlined word“masking“in Paragraph 3 probably means ”A. forgettingB. showingC. hidingD. remembering答案C解析 词义猜测题。由画线词所在句之前的一句和后面的一句可知，masking意为“掩盖”， 应选 hidingoAccording to the article, a top comedian.A. is good at digging up funny things about ordinary lifeis usually the saddest and most depressed personis more likely to do things that don't make any senseoften pays a lot of attention to the brighter side of life答案A解析 推理判断题。由第三段中的"Finding humour in everyday moments.there are out there.” 可知，一位优秀的喜剧演员善于挖掘日常生活中的有趣事情。3. We can infer from the last two paragraphs that the author.A. is always optimistic about her lifedeveloped a good friendship with Robin Williamsregards her family as the source of her strength and happinessmanages to get through the troubles in her life by herself答案C解析 推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的 “I am not lighthearted. I may come off that way, but 1 don't feel that way.”可排除A项；作者在文中只是提到了 Robin Williams,并没有说和他开展 了良好的友谊，故排除B项；由最后一段中的最后两句可排除D项，选C项。BIf you tell a woman a joke and get a blank look, don't immediately despair.She5s just takingher time to understand it.But if the joke does eventually make her laugh it will be worth the wait.Scientists have found that while women are slower than men at getting jokes, they enjoy them more.