部分倒装和完全倒装.ppt

部分倒装和完全倒装句何谓倒装？n英语最基本的词序“主语部分+谓语部分”n如果把谓语动词放在主语前面，这就叫做倒装。n将谓语动词完全移至主语之前，称为完全倒装；n如果只是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，称为部分倒装。倒装的原因有二：n1)由于一定语法结构的需要，如疑问句：Have you known Mr.Davis long?你认识戴维斯先生很久了吗?Where have you been?你刚才到哪里去了?n或者为了避免头重脚轻，如：nGone are the days when we had nothing to eatn2)由于强调，如：Never have I heard such a funny story.我从来没听过这样有趣的故事。Only then did I fully understand what my father said.只有到那时，我才充分理解我父亲讲的话。一、全部倒装n1以here，there，now，then开头的句子,谓语动词要放在句子的主语之前。这种句子中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如：Here comes the train！There goes the bell！n注意：如果句子的主语是人称代词，则不能使用倒装结构。如：Here it comes！There it goes！n2有些动词短语以副词out，in，up，down，away等结尾，构成不及物动词短语。这时，为了使句子更形象，常将这些副词提前到句首。这时，句中的谓语动词要放在句子主语的前面，构成全部倒装。n如:nUp went the rocketn注意，这时句子的主语也必须是名词。如果是人称代词，人称代词，也不能使用倒装结构。也不能使用倒装结构。n如：Up it wentn3为了强调表示地点的介词短语，常将这个介词短语放在句首，构成全部倒装。注意，这时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。n如：In the front of the lecture hall sat the speakern4表语置于句首，且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装。如：Gone are the days when we had nothing to eatn5soneithernor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者，其倒装结构为“soneithernor助动词系动词情态动词主语”（so表示肯定意义，neithernor表示否定意义）。如：She has finished her homework，so has her brotherShe hasnt gone there，neithernor has hen（但如果so表示强调，即强调前面所说的情况的真实性时，其结构是“so主语助动词系动词情态动词”，这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。如：She knows little English，so she does 她英语懂得不多。她的确如此。）n二部分倒装n1用于疑问句中。如：How did you do thatDid you see the film yesterday2用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句中。如果我们将连词if省略，应把were，had，should提到主语前面。如：If you had come yesterday，you would have seen himHad you come yesterday，you would have seen him n3用于as引导的让步状语从句中。as引导的让步状语从句引起的倒装有以下几种形式：1)副词置于句首。如：Much as I like it(Although I like it very much),I will not buy it2)动词原形置于句首。如Wait as you may(Although you may wait),he will not see you3)形容词或名词置于句首。如：Proud as the nobles are(Although the nobles are proud),they are afraid to see meChild as he is(Although he is a child),he can tell right from wrongn（注意：如果名词前有形容词修饰时，as 引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词。如：A bad-tempered man as he is(Although he is a bad-tempered man),he loves me deeply）n4具有否定意义的副词或连词(not，hardly，no sooner,not until,seldom，not once，at no time，never，little等)置于句首时，句子（主句）采用部分倒装。如：Little do we know about himNo sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell asleepSeldom does he come back on SundaysNot until he came back did I know about itn5not onlybut also 连接两个并列分句时，第一个分句应使用部分倒装。如：Not only does he do well in his lessons,but also he often helps others with their lessonsn6sothat结构中的倒装。有时要强调so所修饰的形容词或副词，常将so连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首。这时，主句要用倒装结构。如：He runs so fast that he is far ahead of othersSo fast does he run that he is far ahead of othersHe is so clever that he can work out all the difficult problems in the bookSo clever is he that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book（全部倒装）