新视野大学英语第4册PPT课件4-7.ppt

新视野大学英语第新视野大学英语第4册册PPT课件课件4-7Stage1:Warming-upActivitiesStage1:Warming-upActivities Stage2:Stage2:Reading-CentredActivitiesReading-CentredActivities Stage3:After-ReadingActivitiesStage3:After-ReadingActivities Stage4:Listening-and-SpeakingStage4:Listening-and-SpeakingPracticePracticeWarming-upActivitiesGroupworkGroupwork QuestionsforthoughtanddiscussionQuestionsforthoughtanddiscussionBackgroundinformationBackgroundinformation EnrichingyourvocabularyEnrichingyourvocabularyComparingthefollowingwordsComparingthefollowingwordsGroupworkGooverthepreview,thepre-readingquestionsandthetitleofthetextbeforelisteningtothesummaryofthestoryandanticipatewhatwearegoingtoread.Questionsforthoughtanddiscussion Listentoashortpassagecarefullyandthenanswerthefollowingquestions.BackgroundinformationLucaCavalli-Sforza:Cavalli-Sforza,borninGenoa,Italy,waseducatedattheUniversityofPaviawherehegainedhisMDin1944.AfterworkingonbacterialgeneticsatCambridge(19481950)andMilan(19501957)hehasheldchairsingeneticsatParma(19581962)andPavia(19621970).In1970hewasappointedprofessorofgeneticsattheUniversityofStanford,California,apositionhehelduntilhisretirementin1992.Cavalli-Sforzahasspecializedmainlyinthegeneticsofhumanpopulations,producingwithWalterBodmeracomprehensivesurveyofthesubjectintheirGenetics,EvolutionandMan(1976).Hehasalsodonemuchtoshowhowgeneticdatafrompresenthumanracialgroupscouldbeusedtoreconstructtheirpastseparations.Thisreconstruction,basedontheanalysisof58genes,yieldsabifurcatedevolutionarytreewithCaucasianandAfricanracesinonebranchandOrientals,Oceanians,andAmerindsintheother.Columbus:ChristopherColumbus,anItalian-bornmasternavigator(borninGenoa,Italyin1451anddiedatValladolid,Spainin1506)whosailedintheserviceofSpain,iscommonlydescribedasthediscovereroftheNewWorldAmerica.Hisfourtransatlanticvoyages(14921493,14931496,14981500,and15021504)openedthewayforEuropeanexploration,exploitation,andcolonizationoftheAmericas.ColumbussrealgreatnessliesinthefactthathavingfoundtheWestIndiesmakingmajorerrorsinhisnavigationalcomputationsandlocationindoingsohewasabletofindhiswaybacktoEuropeandreturntotheIndies.ItisastheresultofColumbuss“discovery”thattheNewWorldbecamepartoftheEuropeanworld.humangeneticmap:Ourbodiesarecomprisedoftrillionsofmicroscopicunitscalledcells.Cellsinturnarebuiltupfrommanyspecifictypesofmolecules,bothlargeandsmall.Thelargemoleculesormacromoleculesincludepolysaccharides,nucleicacidsandproteins.Proteinsaretheworkhorsesofourcells.Thereareabout40,000differenttypesofproteinsinourbodies.Eachproteinispresentinmany,manycopies.Anadult,forexample,carriesabout1021(abilliontrillion)hemoglobinmolecules.TheflowofgeneticinformationisfromDNAtoRNAtoProtein.Eachproteinisalinearpolymerofaspecificsequenceof20differentaminoacids.DNAisalsoalinearpolymercomprisedof4typesofnucleotides.ThesequenceofaminoacidsineachproteinisencodedbyasegmentofDNAcalledagene.Threeconsecutivenucleotidesinageneencodeasingleaminoacidinthecorrespondingprotein.Thegeneticcodeisuniversalamongalllivingthings.Khoisan:KhoisanisthenamebywhichthelighterskinnedindigenouspeoplesofsouthernAfrica,theKhoi(Hottentots)andtheSan(Bushmen)areknown.ThesepeopleweretheearliestinhabitantsofAfricaanddominatedthesub-continentformillenniabeforetheappearanceoftheNguniandotherblackpeoples.Therewereprobablyabout120,000livinginSouthAfricaaround1500.Basques:TheBasquesareapeoplewholiveinasmallregion(aboutthesizeofRhodeIslandintheUnitedStates)thatstraddlestheborderofSpainandFrancefromtheseainthewestintothePyreneesintheeast.ThisareaiscalledEuskalHerria(comprisingsevenprovinces,historically:Araba,Bizkaia,Gipuzkoa,andNavarraontheSpanishside;Laburdi,Zuberoa,andBehe-NafarroaontheFrenchside).Thereareabout660,000,accordingtothe1991census.Fewerthan80,000oftheseareontheFrenchsideofthefrontierwhichrunsthroughtheBasqueCountry,therestontheSpanishside.Basquesspeakalanguagecalledeuskara,buttodayonlyabout25%ofthepopulationisfluentinthattongue.Evenso,thewordforaBasqueperson,euskaldun,means“possessoroftheBasquelanguage”.TheBasquepopulationisdistinguishedphysicallybyahighincidenceofRhNegativefactorintheblood.NooneknowsexactlywheretheBasquescamefrom.SomesaytheyhavelivedinthatareasinceCro-MagnonmanfirstroamedEurope.Estimatesofhowlongtheyhavelivedtherevaryfrom10,000to75,000years.SomesaytheyaredescendedfromtheoriginalIberians.Morefancifultheoriesexist,aswell.OneisthattheBasquesarethedescendentsofthesurvivorsofAtlantis.EnrichingyourvocabularyReadthesentencescarefullyandguessthemeaningoftheitalicizedtermineachsentenceaccordingtothecontextandyourownexperiences.Thereisafeelingofourownsuperiorityandourpridethatlieattherootofourresponsetothem.Wehavearguedthatthebroadcastingwas biased towardstherightwingandthegovernmentoftoday.To date,researchontheapplicationofthegeneticmapisverylimited.优越性优越性对对有偏见有偏见至今至今Itwasnotpossibletochangedirectionsuddenly,yetthedamagetoeducationwasobviousascampusessometimesresembledmarket-placesratherthaninstitutionsofhigherlearning.Whatshesawwasthefaceofastrangerwhoresembledher:mouthpulledoutofshape,skinwhite,hairwithoutcolor.Paulsfeaturesboreastrongresemblancetohisfathers.TheLondonofthe1990sbearslittleresemblancetotheLondonofmyyouth.Whatwasneededwas nothing less thananewindustrialrevolutionandathrivingmarket.Yourenothinglessthanamurderer!Thesettingupofthisplantinthreemonthsisnothinglessthanamiracle.Thepresenttrendisnothinglessthanalarming.就是就是简直是简直是简直就是简直就是确实确实Hisremarksshouldhaveserved asanencouragementtotheauthoritiestodevelopthisimportantaspectofcommunitycare.Criticismanddebatearetobewelcomedandshouldnotbe confined to academiccircles.As of today,wedonotbelievethatthedeclarationofanemergencystatewouldincreasetheflowofsupplies.视作视作局限于局限于从今天起从今天起In effect,theinfluenceofthisgovernmentwasgoingdowngradually.Onlywhenyourapproachtogoodhealthcanbe adapted toallyourownrequirements,willyoureallysucceedinobtainingyourgoalsofhealthcare.Thenewtreatmentcanbeusedeitheraloneor in combination withthetraditionalone.事实上事实上适应适应与与结合结合Inaddition,theresearchisexpectedtoshed more light on thesocialconsequencesofcitieschangingeconomicroles.Wherevertheyarenow,blackpeopleare descended fromAfricans.更为清楚地说明更为清楚地说明是是的后裔的后裔HomeworkHomework Learnthenewwordsandexpressionsofthetextbyheart.Gooverthetextandtrytogetthemainideaofthetext.Analyzethestructureofthetext.Reading-CentredActivities 1.GlobalReadingTaskReadingSkills:Textstructureanalysis:2.DetailedReadingTask LanguagepointsSimulatedwritingSummaryofthetextAfter-ReadingActivitiesVocabularyExercises TranslatingandWriting Listeningandspeakingactivities Talkingaboutthetopicorretellingthetext ListeningandspeakingpracticeinXPcenter