Unit 8 知识点 冀教版八年级英语下册.docx

冀教版英语Unit8知识点与习题Lesson43-Lesson451. attention 用作不可数名词，意为注意，留心，常见搭配有：sbs attention is on sb./sth.某人的注意力在某人/某物上pay attention to 留心，注意give attention to 关注draw ones attentiom 引起的注意Eg:1.My attention was not really the game. 2.He pays all his attention what the teacher is saying. 3.As a society we need to give more attention the needs of older people.4.His voice my attention.2.pollution 为不可数名词，意为污染 air/noise/water/light pollution 空气/噪声/水/光污染词形变换：polluted形容词：受污染的 pollute动词：污染Eg:The (空气污染)is harmful to our earth.3.explain既可作及物动词，也可做不及物动词，意为解释，说明。常用语短语explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事 explain后还可跟that从句Eg:I the situation to my teacher.4. pick up属于动词+副词型短语，意为“动词+副词”型短语，意为捡起，拿起。名词作其宾语时，放在up之前或之后均可；代词作其宾语时，必须放在pick和up之间。Eg:1.He picked up the letter.= 2.There is a piece of paper on the floor. (请把它捡起来)拓展延伸：pick up(开车)接人 Ill (接你) at the station.收拾，整理 your room before you go out.5. a bit of 一点儿 修饰不可数名词，有时可与a little 互换 a bit 有点儿 修饰形容词，副词原级或比较级，可以与a little 互换 a little 一点儿，有点儿，修饰不可数名词；修饰形容词，副词原级或比较级Eg:We have / (一点儿) homework to do . The dress is / （有点儿）more expensive than that one. He looks / (有点儿) tired.6. least 是little 的最高级，意为“最少的（地），最小的（地）”，其反义词为most.Eg:He is the best teacher,even though he has the (little) experience. 拓展延伸：at least 不少于，至少，起码Eg:It will take you (至少) 20 minutes to get there.7. waste(1)用作动词，意为浪费（金钱、时间、精力等）waste time/momey on sth. 把浪费在waste time/money (in) doing sth 浪费做某事Eg:I dont think we need waste much time this matter. We wasted a whole afternoon (try) to repair the car.(2) waste用作名字，表示（金钱或技能等的）浪费时，为不可数名词，但常和冠词a 连用，后常加介词of. Its a waste of time to do sth. waset也可用来表示“废料，废弃物”Eg:We shouldnt go to the party,because it s a of time. How much of our household (废弃物) is recycled?8. throw away表示扔掉，是“动词+副词”型短语。Eg:Those shoes are still new.You shouldnt throw (they) away.throw sth. to sb./sth. 扔某物给某人/某物（不含恶意）throw sth. at sb./sth. 朝某人/某物扔某物（含有恶意）Eg:He threw a banana the monkey. Someone threw a stone the car.9. turn off意为关掉（电器，自来水，煤气等），是动词+副词型短语，其反义词为turn on 打开归纳拓展：turn up开大，调高 turn down调低；关小 turn in 上交 turn into变成Eg:Would you please the light?I cant sleep well with it on .10. Empty（1）用作及物动词，常为“把弄空，倒空”，后面直接跟宾语。常用empty sth. Into/onto sth. 把倒在里/上（2） empty还可用作形容词，意为空的。Eg:Every day the cleaners the dustbins. I hate coming home to an house.11. litter(1)用作不可数名词，意为（在公共场所乱扔的）垃圾drop litter乱扔垃圾（2）litter还可作及物动词，意为“使乱七八糟”Eg:People who drop will be fined in some cities.Piles of books and newspapers the floor.地板上乱七八糟地堆了很多书。12. Almost all of it can be reused or recycled.几乎所有的垃圾都可以被再利用或循环使用。用法：本句是含有情态动词的被动语态的肯定句。含情态动词的被动语态的句式如下：（1） 肯定句：主语+情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词+（by+动作执行者）。（2） 否定句：主语+情态动词+be+not+及物动词的过去分词+（by+动作执行者）。（3） 一般疑问句：情态动词+主语+be及物动词的过去分词+（by+动作执行者）？（4） 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句？Eg:（1）Teenagers (应该被同意)to go out with their friends.（2）These books (禁止被带出) the library.(3) These children to play outside now?(可以被允许)(4) When the bridge ?(可以被修完)Lesson46-Lesson481. unlike用作介词，意为“不像，”是like 反义词，由un-+like 构成。Eg：Tom was other boys I have ever known.Tom和我认识的其他男孩不同。拓展延伸：unhappy不高兴的 unusual 不寻常的 unfair不公平的 unfortunately不幸地2. make a difference to对 有影响，期中difference为名词，其前常用big,great等词修饰；to为介词，其后接名词，代词，动名词作宾语。make no difference to对没有影响Eg:What you do now can (对 有影响) your future. The accident has (对 有重大影响)his life.3. die作动词，意为死亡 die of/from死于，表示死亡的原因。die不能与表示一段时间的状语搭配使用，如果表示状态，与一段时间连用，要用be dead. dead形容词死的，失去生命的 death名词 死亡 dying临终的，垂死的Eg:(1)The old man three years ago.(2) The old man (死于) cancer.His made his son very sad.(3) The old man has for three years.4. start out(1)启程，出发。 （2）开始（生活、职业或重要阶段）Eg:Jack at five in the morning,when it was still dark. When the band first ,they played at small clubs.5. divide 作动词，分开，分割，分隔 常用短语：divide into把分成 be divided into被分成devidefrom把与隔开Eg:Scientists traditionally divide the oceans different parts. The book is four parts.A fence divides our garden neighbourss garden.6. （1）seat用作可数名词，意为座位。have/take a seat坐下，就坐 book a seat预定座位(2) 还可以用作及物动词，坐得下人，能供给人座位Eg:I was sitting in the the back ,and Jo was driving. This meeting room 500.7. used形容词，用过的，二手的，旧的Eg:I dont like things.8. Its ones duty to do sth做某事是某人的职责，期中it作形式宾语，不定时短语为真正的主语。 duty作名词，意为责任，义务。固定搭配 on duty意为值日Eg:Its our duty (keep) our hometown clean and beautiful.We must do something for it.Who is (值日)today？语法：1.it的基本用法（1） 指代前面提到的事物 -Where is my car? - is in the garage.（2） 指代动物或无生命的事物 is a dog.（3） 指婴儿，用于不知道其性别时 What will you call if its a boy?（4） 指打电话或接电话的人 Hello, is Lily here.（5） 指代身份不明的人 Someone is at the door.Who is ?（6） 指代符合不定代词，如somethig、anythig、nothing等。 Nothing is wrong,isnt ?(7) 用来指代天气、时间、距离等时作句子主语。Eg: is still raining. Is four oclock. is over 5 kilometres from my home to my school.2. it作形式主语（1） 代替不定式短语作形式主语。 It is not right (waste) food.（2） 代替动词ing作形式主语 It is much fun (play) on the beach. It is worth (make) another try.(3) 代替主语从句作形式主语 is lucky that the boy hasnt fallen from the tree.3. it作形式宾语(1) 代替不定式短语作形式宾语。Eg:I find quite necessary to make some changes.(2) 代替动词ing作形式宾语I think wrong doing it this way.(3) 代替宾语从句作形式宾语。Our teacher thinks a ptiy that he didnt pass the exam.学科网（北京）股份有限公司