高中英语作文第15讲：说明文写作.ppt

第第 十十 五五 说说 明明 文文由实例说起由实例说起课下多练笔课下多练笔专专题题讲讲座座写写作作写作三步曲写作三步曲题目要求题目要求(2012湖北名校模拟湖北名校模拟)请根据下表提供的信息写一篇文章请根据下表提供的信息写一篇文章向外宾介绍国家体育馆向外宾介绍国家体育馆“鸟巢鸟巢”。地点地点北京北部北京北部建筑面积建筑面积25.8万平方米，可容万平方米，可容纳纳9万多名万多名观观众众开开/竣工时间竣工时间2003年年12月月2008年年外观外观犹如树枝搭成的鸟巢犹如树枝搭成的鸟巢用途用途奥运会期间可举办田径、足球比赛奥奥运会期间可举办田径、足球比赛奥运会后可用于举办各种大型活动运会后可用于举办各种大型活动专家评价专家评价奥运史上一个难以置信的标志性建筑奥运史上一个难以置信的标志性建筑注意：词数注意：词数120左右。左右。参考词汇：标志参考词汇：标志symbol;鸟巢鸟巢Birds Nest_技法指导技法指导 说明文是阐述事物的特征、本质、性能、结构、用途或说明文是阐述事物的特征、本质、性能、结构、用途或科学原理的一种文体。高考英语说明文内容集中在反映社会科学原理的一种文体。高考英语说明文内容集中在反映社会现象、介绍方位地点和指导如何做事情这些方面，要求考生现象、介绍方位地点和指导如何做事情这些方面，要求考生能够按照一定的说明顺序进行介绍和说明，以达到实际应用能够按照一定的说明顺序进行介绍和说明，以达到实际应用和交际的目的。和交际的目的。写说明文宜采用三段式：第一段主要介绍要说明的对写说明文宜采用三段式：第一段主要介绍要说明的对象及说明的目的；第二段说明事物的主要特征或做事情的方象及说明的目的；第二段说明事物的主要特征或做事情的方法步骤；第三段进行总结概括。时态通常用一般现在时。写法步骤；第三段进行总结概括。时态通常用一般现在时。写作时应注意以下几个方面：作时应注意以下几个方面：1仔细审题：明确说明对象，抓住要说明的事物或事理的仔细审题：明确说明对象，抓住要说明的事物或事理的主要特征。主要特征。2选择合理的说明顺序：比如时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑选择合理的说明顺序：比如时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑顺序，分层次进行说明，注意条理清晰。顺序，分层次进行说明，注意条理清晰。3选择恰当的说明方法：比如定义法、举例法、比较法和选择恰当的说明方法：比如定义法、举例法、比较法和细节描述法等，来增加文章的色彩。细节描述法等，来增加文章的色彩。4语言：既要确切无误，又要通俗浅显。适当使用一些结语言：既要确切无误，又要通俗浅显。适当使用一些结构比较复杂的句式，如定语从句、名词性从句、倒装句、构比较复杂的句式，如定语从句、名词性从句、倒装句、强调句及非谓语动词等，以增加语言表达效果。强调句及非谓语动词等，以增加语言表达效果。第一步构建框架，清晰行文第一步构建框架，清晰行文谋篇布局谋篇布局黄金模板黄金模板模板一：地理介绍型模板一：地理介绍型 _ is located in _(位置位置),covering an area of _(面积面积).It has a population of _(人口人口).It grows _，and it is rich in _(特点特点)In a word,_ is a fascinating place with fascinating people.Welcome to _.模板二：路线描绘型模板二：路线描绘型 We are going to _(举行活动举行活动)at/in/on _(时间时间)at/in _(地点地点).It is not very difficult to find your way to this place./Now let me tell you the way to this place.When you get out of _(某地一某地一),you can take Bus _(几路公交车几路公交车)to _(某地二某地二),and get off at the second/third crossing.Walk across the crossing to the east/west/south/north until you see _(某地三某地三)on your left/right.Turn left/right there(at the corner)and go straight on/ahead.Then you can see/find _(某地四某地四)is on your left/right.The place is next to/opposite to _(某地点某地点).The place is _(多远多远)yards/kilometers down the street on the left/right.Find Room _(几号房间几号房间)and we will be meeting you there.模板三：说明原因型模板三：说明原因型 Nowadays,more and more _(阐述现象阐述现象).Why _(提出问题提出问题)?The reasons for it are as follows.First of all,_(原因一原因一).Besides,_(原因原因二二).Whats more,_(原因三原因三)As a matter of fact,the main cause of it is due to _(最主要原因最主要原因)In my opinion,it is high time that we did something to _(解决措施解决措施)Only in this way will we _(要实现的目标要实现的目标)第二步打造亮句，增色文章第二步打造亮句，增色文章1鸟巢，也就是国家体育馆，位于北京北部，占地面积鸟巢，也就是国家体育馆，位于北京北部，占地面积25.8万平方米，可容纳万平方米，可容纳9万多名观众。万多名观众。The Birds Nest,the national stadium,is located in the north of Beijing,with an area of 258,000 square meters,able to hold more than 90,000 audience members.The Birds Nest the national stadium located in the north of Beijing,covering an area of 258,000 square meters,is able to hold more than 90,000 audience members.2从外观看，它犹如树枝搭建的鸟巢，这就解释了这个名字从外观看，它犹如树枝搭建的鸟巢，这就解释了这个名字的由来。的由来。Seen from the outside,it resembles a real bird nest made of branches,which explains where its name came from.When it is seen from the outside,it resembles a real bird nest made of branches,which explains where its name came from.第三步串句成文，保证流畅第三步串句成文，保证流畅 The Birds Nest,the national stadium,is located in the north of Beijing,with an area of 258,000 square meters,able to hold more than 90,000 audience members.Started in December 2003 and completed in 2008,it was used for track and field events and football matches during the Beijing Olympic Games.After that it will be used to hold all kinds of grand activities.Seen from the outside,it resembles a real bird nest made of branches,which explains where its name came from.No wonder experts regard it as an incredible symbol for Olympic history.最近某教科院对最近某教科院对15000名高中生的课外阅读情况作了一名高中生的课外阅读情况作了一次调查。请根据下图提示的信息，用英语写一篇次调查。请根据下图提示的信息，用英语写一篇100120词词的短文，介绍调查情况。的短文，介绍调查情况。注意：注意：1.短文必须包括调查对象、调查问题及调查结果。短文必须包括调查对象、调查问题及调查结果。2参考词汇：课外读物参考词汇：课外读物 collateral reading漫画书漫画书 comic学习参考书学习参考书learning reference book_参考范文：参考范文：As the saying goes“Reading makes one full;writing makes one accurate”，reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life,for it can make people knowledgeable and smart.Recently a survey has been done to find out what books are senior middle school students favorite collateral readings.15,000 middle school students took part in the survey.According to the survey,fortysix percent of the students who took part,like reading popular science booksand science fiction best.Twentyseven percent of the students say that comic books are their favorite and sixteen percent of the students say they read learning reference books in their spare time.Only eleven percent of them are more interested in famous works and other novels.