高二英语学案.pdf

U nits 1-2(B2)【知识网络】-、重点词汇与短语1.observe（1）.observe后可接名词作宾语，也 可 接that从句，它还是个感官动词，可 以 说observe sb do/doing sth,被动 结 构 为be observed to d o.例 如：As a c hild,he liked to observe the behaviour ofinsec ts.他 小 时 候 喜 欢 观 察 昆 虫 的 习 性.（接名词）I spent some time observing their c ustoms.我花了 一 些 时 间 观 察它 们 的 生 活 习 惯.（接名词）S he observed a man walking/walk on the opposite sideof the way.她看到一个人在路 那 边 走 着.（接复合宾语）They were observed entering the hall.有 人 看 见 他 们 走 进 大 厅 去 了.（接现在分词）The woman was observed to follow him c losely.有 人 看 到 那 女 子 紧 跟 着 他.（被 动 语 态 中 接 带to的不定式）H e observed someone open the door.他看见有人开 门.(接复合宾语)The boy observed what is going on between them.这男孩子注意到他们之间发生的情况.(接从句)(2).在正式文体中，observe还 有“遵守；应祝”的意思.例如：We must observe these princ iples in ourac tion.在行动上我们必须遵循这些原则.Do you observe Christmas in you c ountry?你们国家过圣诞节吗？(3).习语：the observed of all observers众矢之的(4).近义词：w a t c h 匕观察2.seek(1).seek可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词.用作不及物动词时，后常接介词for或 after.例如：Most men seek wealth;all men seek happiness.大多数人寻求财富；每个人都追求幸福.H e s eek s y o u r adv i c e.他请求你给他一些忠告.Y o u n g p eo p l e l i k e t o s eek (af t er/f o r)s u c c es s i n l i f e.年轻人喜欢探索人生的成功之途T h e exp l an at i o n i s n o t f ar t o s eek.这种解释不难理解.(2).习语：s eek o u t搜出；挑出.s eek h el p 求助s eek o n e s f o rt u n e 碰运气s eek o n e s h o m e 回家s eek o n e s b ed 就寝s eek af t er/f o r 探索s eek t h ro u g h 找遍(3).近义词：exp l o re v.探索3.addi c t(1).addi c t是名词，表示因吸毒或饮酒等“有瘾的人”，或对某事有强烈兴趣的人，是可数名词.例如：M an y h ero i n addi c t s h av e c o n t rac t ed A L D S.许多吸食海洛因的人感染了艾滋病.H is brother is a football addic t他的弟弟是个足球迷(2).Addic ted 是其形容词，常用于 be addic ted tosth结构中，表 示“沉溺于”.在句中作表语，不能作定语修饰名词.例如：H e was addic ted to drug.他吸毒成瘾H er sister is addic ted to TV soap operas.她妹妹沉迷于电视连续剧4.c onc ern(1)c onc ern作动词，表 示“担心”的意思时，常与about/for连用，也可以跟that从句.例如：I was muc h c onc erned about her.我很担心她.We re all c onc erned for her safety.我们都为她的安全担心.I m c onc erned that they may have got lost.我担心他们可能迷路.(2).c onc ern作名词，意 思 是“关怀；关心”.例如：H e didn,t show muc h c onc ern about it他对此不是很关心.(3)习语：be c onc erned with 与.有牵连be c onc erned about/for 关心；担心二、词义辨析1.instead of,in plac e of 和 in spite of 的区别(1).instead o f是短语介词，表 示“代替”的意义时，还含 有“对比”的意思，译成汉语时，“代替”两词不一定译出.instead o f常常和in plac e o f互相使用，其后常可用名词，代词，动名词.例如：If you have no time,I 11 go instead of/in plac e of you.如果你没有时间，我愿替你去.We use plastic s instead of/in plac e of iron.我们用塑料代替铁.(2).有时候instead of还能起连词作用，常 译 为“反而;而不”.例如：Things will be better instead of worse.事情将更好而不会更糟.(3).in spite o f 是“不管；不顾；尽管”的意思，后跟名词或名词短语.例如：In spite of all his efforts he failed他已竭尽全力，但仍然失败了.They went out in spite of rain尽管下着雨，他们还是出去了.observe,notic e,look,see,watc h,stare,glare 和 glanc e的区别(1).observe 是及物动词，意为 watc h c arefully,see andnotic e,表 示“观察；注意地看；仔细地看”等意思.例如：I spent some time observing their c ustoms.我花了 一些时间观察它们的生活习惯.(2)notic e 也是及物动词,意为 pay attention(to)withwyes,表 示“注意到”的意思.例如：I notic ed him enter the offic e.我看到他走进办公室.(3).look;watc h;try to se e指有意识地使视线对着某物，强调动作.look是不及物动词，如跟宾语，要和at连用,强调注意的是其后的宾语.例如：The old lady was looking at him from head to foot.这位老妇人从头到脚地看着他.I am looking at the boy.我注视着这孩子.(4).see强调结果，意 为“看见；看 到(notic e sb/sthwith one s eyes);强调结果.例如：I looked but saw nothing.我看了，但什么也没看见.(5).watc h侧重所看事物的变化,移动和发展(to look atsomething whic h is happening),指有意识地以期待，警觉等心情看上一段时间，强调注意的是它后面的宾语.例如：We watc hed that boy swim.我们观看那个男孩游泳I am watc hing the boy.我在注视这孩子的举动 注意 根据习惯,看电视用watc h,看电影用see.(6).stare指“睁大眼睛出神地看，注 视(look atsomeone or something with wide open eyes for a long time),这种注视出于惊讶，好奇，恐惧，有时是粗鲁无礼，与at连用.例如：The little boy stared at the stranger for a few minutesbefore answering his questions.这个小男孩惊讶地睁大眼睛望了那个陌生人好儿分钟，才回答他的问题(7).glare 指 怒 视”(to look angrily),强调敌对或威胁的态度，与at连用.例如:H e glared at the naughty c hildren.他瞪了那些淘气的孩子一眼.(8).glanc e 指“瞥视，匆匆一看”(take a quic k look),与at连用.例如：S he glanc ed shyly at him out of the c orner of her eyes.她羞涩地用眼角打了他一眼.3.辨析 more than,no more than,more than,not morethan请翻译下列句子：1.The speed is more than 80 miles per hour.2.The villagers were more than glad to help thosetourists.3.All his educ ation added up to no more than one year.4.There were not more than a hundred people at themeeting.5.S he is more thoughtless than stupid.Key：1.时速超过了 80英里。(more than多于，超过)2.乡亲们很愿意帮助那些游客。（more than不只是）3.他所受的教育加起来不到一年。（no more than仅仅，只有，少于）4.大概不到一百人参加了会议。（not more than不超过，不多于）5.与其说她笨，倒不如说她粗心大意。（more.than与其说.倒不如说.）三、重点句型1.There did not seem muc h point in working on my PhD-I did not expec t to survive that long.There is no point（in）doing sth.“做某事没有作用或意义”，类似的句型有：There is no sense（in）doing sth.例如：There seems little point protesting;itwon,t help.There was no sense in making a c hild sufferlike that.2.What if如果将会怎样;即使又有什么要紧。例如：What if he finds out that you have lost her book?What if还可以用来表示建议、邀请、要求等。例如：What if you go instead of me?3.Experienc ed editors and reporters make informeddec isions about what events to report,how to report them,and why.What events to report是“疑问词+不定式”结构，在句中作宾语。此结构中的不定式与前面的疑问代词有动宾关系，但不定式要用主动形式。例如：I really don t know what to write at the moment.4.The result is a better understanding of the world onall sides,leading to a future world where people from allc ountries are respec ted and different views and opinionsare tolerated.Leading t o-.是现在分词短语作状语，表示结果。例如：H er father died in 1979,leaving her with four youngersisters.四、语法复习(-)动词不定式动词不定形式：to+动词原形；或者省略to.没有人称和数量的变化，具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中作谓语以外的成分。1.作主语：What does it mean to be a sc ientist?2.作宾语：People who listen to H awking s lec ture findit diffic ult to understand him.3.作表语：Nothing in life is to be feared.It is onlyto be understood.4.作宾语补足语：H e told me to bring some books for you.5.作定语：The doc tor told him he might not have more thantwelve months to 1ive.6.作结果状语：R eaders were pleased and surprised to findthat a sc ientist c ould write about this work in a way thatordinary people c ould understand.7.目的状语：In order to get married,I needed a job,andin order to get a job,I needed a PhD.8.某些固定的形容词搭配用于口语中，例如：Glad to meet you.S orry to trouble you.9.和常见的疑问词搭配作动词的宾语，相当于宾语 从 句（宾语从句的主语和主句的主语要一致）。例如：I don t know what to say/what I should say.Could youtell me when to start/when I should start?（二）过去分词作定语和表语过去分词在句子中可以作定语、状语、表语和补足语，通常与句子中的某个名词有逻辑上的被动关系，有时还表示动作的完成或者状态。1.作 定 语：单个的过去分词作定语放在名词的前面，过去分词词组作定语放在名词的后面，有时相当于非限制性定语从句。例如：a broken glass,the used books,in an organized way,experienc ed editorChen wrote about the efforts to bring stolen c ulturalrelic s to China.I want to wrote about people addic ted to drugs/who areaddic ted to drugs.过去分词作后置定语时，有时有时态的区别,例如：Do you live in the building built last year?I will live in the building being built now.The building to be built will be for teac hing.过去分词作定语表示被动的和已经发生的动作;现在分词作定语表示主动和的和正在发生的动作。例如：fallen leaves,falling leaves,fading flowers,fadedflowers,boiling water,boiled water1.作 表语：表示事物或人所处的状态：We were all surprised at his arrival.This c up is broken.My sister feels very interested in c ooking.过去分词作表语表示主语的状态是由于外界而引起，而现在分词作表语表示主语是动作的发出者，“令人的”，例如：This snake is so frightening that the bravest boys arefrightened at it.H e is interested in this interesting game.This c limbing is tiring and they are all tired now.过去分词作表语表示状态，而被动语态表示动作。例如：This c up is broken.This c up was broken by a c areless boy.H e is well educ ated.H e was well educ ated in a famous c ollege.【考点透视考例精析】考例 1 more about university c ourses,c all(920)746-3789.A.To find out B.Finding outC.Find out D.H aving foundout 点拨 选A o动词不定式作目的状语。To find out moreabout university c ourse表示拨打这个电话的目的。考 例2 r m going to the supermarket thisafternoon.Do you have a n y t h i n g?A.to be buying B.to buy C.forbuying D.bought 点拨 选B。动词不定式作定语。意思是：你有什么要买的东西吗？考例 3 The weather to be very good,whic h wasmore than we c ould expec ted.A.made out B.turned outC.went out D.c arried out 点拨选B。make o u t起 草，辨认出，理解；turn o u t结果是，证明是，生产；go o u t外 出，熄 灭，不流行；c arry out完成，执 行，实行。考 例 4 with a diffic ult situation,Arnolddec ided to ask his boss for advic e.A.To fac e B.H aving fac edC.Fac ed D.Fac ing 点拨选C。fac e作动词用意为“面临、面 对”，常 用 于fac es t h或be fac ed with sth.两种结构。这 里fac e与 主 语Arnold有被动关系，要用过去分词作状语。【基础演练】-、根据所给首字母或括号中的汉语意思填写句子空格中所缺的单词。1.Medic ine should not be left w reac h of smallc hildren.2.In the ac c ident the man suffered serious i in bothhis head and legs.3.Oh,your nose is b.U se a c lean towel to stopit.4.The nose is the o of smelling and the ears forhearing.5.The fac tory are p our rivers with c hemic al waste.6.The patient is rec eiving c hemic al t bec ausehe has lung c anc er.7.H e took a friendly （态度）to us.8.The polic e still do not have （精确的）information on the number of people injured in the trainac c ident.9.Please state your name,address and（职业）in this form.10.H e felt a little bit（内疚）after breakinghis promise.二.单项填空：1.They are now in great need of help.S o your support willc ertainly make a.A.deal B.dec ision C.pointD.differenc e2.The c limbers are after the long and hard trip.Theyneed rest and food badly.A.used up B.made up C.given outD.run out3.It has been raining every day so far.I hope tomorrowwill fine.A.turn to B.turn up C.turn intoD.turn out4.Children are naturally about everything aroundthem.A.c uriousBworriedC.interestedD.serious5.no doubthe c an win the game this time.A.There s;thatB.There s;whetherC.It s;that D.It s;whether6.To our delight she quickly adapted herself thesituation.A.with B.of C.to D.into7.He badly injured in the accident and was takento hospital immediately.A.made B.got C.received D.suffered8.In order to keep their trade,they would have tobuy less goods in the United States.A.balanced B.balancing C.tobalance D.being balanced9.The old lady making clothes for her neighbor,schildren.A.engaged to B.was engaged toC.engaged in D.was engaged in10.I never dreamed of there such a quiet place inthe noisy city.A.was B.had been C.beingD.to be【能力拓展】完形填空：In Britain,people have different attitudes to the polic e.Most people generally them and the job they do-although there are c ertain people who do not believe thatthe polic e 2 have the power that do.What does a polic eman ac tually do?It is not 3 jobto desc ribe.After all,a polic eman has a number of jobsin 4.A polic eman often has to c ontrol traffic,either5 foot in the c enter of a town,or in a polic e c ar on theroads.Indeed,in Britain,he might be in the Traffic Polic eand spend all,or a lot of,his time 6 up and down mainroads and motorways.A traffic polic eman has to help keepthe traffic moving,stop 7 motorists and help whenthere is an ac c ident.A polic eman has to help keep the 8,too.If thereis a fight or some other disturbanc e,we 9 the polic eto c ome and restore order.And they often have to 10situation at great risk to their own 11.We expec t the polic e to solve c rimes,of c ourse,so anordinary polic eman,12 he is not a detec tive（侦探），will often have to help 13 and arrest c riminals.And 14 do we c all when there is an emergenc y-anair c rash,a 15,a road ac c ident,or a robbery?Wec all the polic e.16 polic eman has to be 17 to fac eany unpleasant emergenc y that may happen in the 18 world.The polic e do an absolutely nec essary job,they do it19 well and I support them,but I do not envy polic emen,I do not think that I c ould 20 do the job of a polic eman.1.A.dislikeB.joinC.apprec iateD.admire2.A.shouldB.wouldC.c ouldD.must3.A.a funnyB.a pleasantC.aninterestingD.an easy4.A.itB.oneC.hisD.them5.A.onB.byC.underD.with6.C.A.walkingB.drivingwanderingD.searching7.A.restingB.tiredC.speedingD.drunken8.A.peaceB.silenceC.situationD.condition9.A.wait forB.callC.think ofD.expect10.A.turn toB.avoidC.deal withD.treat11.A.safetyB.familiesC.futureD.friends12.A.althoughB.as ifC.howeverD.even if13.,A.get rid ofB.questionC.look forD.sentence14.A.howB.whereC.whatD.who15.A.power failureB.fireC.thunderstorm D.thief16.A.YetB.ThenC.AsD.S o17.A.providedB.promisedC.preparedD.presented18.A.futureB.modernC.realD.whole19.A.extremelyBspec iallyC.surprisinglyD.partic ularly20.A.hardlyB.foreverC.everD.never参考答案高二部分U nits 1-2(B2)基础演练、1.within;2.injuries;3.bleeding;4.organ;5.polluting/poisoning;6.treatment;7.attitude;8.ac c urate;9.oc c upation;10.guilty二、1.D 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.D10.C能力拓展1 5 CADBA 6 10 BCADC 11 15 ADCDB 16 20 DCBAC1.C 根据下文作者的观点可以排除A、B 项，作者非常“欣赏”警察的工作，而不是“羡慕”。2.A should此处的意思是“应该”，此句的意思是“有一些人认为警察不应该有他们所拥有的权力3.D 根据下文的描述，警察的工作种类很多，又充满危险，所以选 an easy。4.B 根据下文的叙述，警察要做的工作有很多，所以“a numberof jobs in one。这里的 jobs 的意思是piec es of work,tasks（多种工作，任务）5.A此 处“on foot”为固定词组。6.B在 motorway上不能步行，只能开车，所以要用driving。7.C此处“speeding motorists”指的是超速行驶的机动车辆。选 项“drunken”的意思是“喝醉酒的”，警察不可能一下子就判断出来哪个司机是喝醉酒的。8.A 下文“t h e r e i s a f i g h t”告诉我们，警察的任务是要维护和平。9.D此题考察动词及词组的意义。w a i t f o r 意思是“等待某人 ;c a l l 意 思 是“打电话；e x p e c t s o m e b o d y t o d os o m e t h i n g 表示“期待某人做某事；t h i n k o f 意思是“想起，想到”。D项最符合文中的意思”一旦有打架或者骚乱，人们就期待警察出现并维护秩序。”1 0.C 面对的情况是需要处理的，所以选择词组d e a l w i t h；动词 t r e a t 的意思是“对待、治疗”。1 1.A 警察在工作时会有危险，对他们的安全造成威胁。所以此处选s a f e t y01 2.D 这里的“a l t h o u g h、e v e n i f”都可以引导让步状语从句，但是e v e n i f 是一种不是事实的假设，而 a l t h o u g h 与主句的关系为转折，此处警察不是侦探，所以选e v e n i f01 3.C此题考察词组的意义区别。l o o k f o r 表示“寻找”;g e t r i do f 表示“摆脱,除掉”;qu e s t i o n 意思是“质问；s e n t e n c e作为动词意思是“判处，宣判”。此处的意思是“警察寻找并追捕犯罪分子。1 4.D根据下文的 w e c a l l t h e po l i c e”,选择疑问词w h o,指人。1 5.B 根据前文的e m e rg e n c y （紧急情况），可以看出只有选项af i re （火灾）属 于“紧急情况”。1 6.D由前文可以知道，当我们面对紧急情况时总是会找警察，所以按照意思顺下来，就应该用s o 表 示“因此，结 果”。1 7.C 根据上文，面对e m e rg e n c y,警察随时随地都要“pre pa re d”。另外，要注意词组“b e pre pa re d d o t o s o m e t h i n g 。1 8.B i n t h e m o d e rn w o rl d：在现代社会里。1 9.A“e xt re m e l y”在此处意思是“非常，极端”,此处是赞扬警察的工作非常好。20.C 本句的否定前移了。当主句主语为第一人称、动词为t h i n k等词时，常用此否定前移结构，翻译成汉语应该是“我认为我 不”。A、D 项都是否定词，与 n o t 构成双重否定，意思不对；f o re v e r不合此语境。高中二年级英语学案U n i t s 3-4（B2）【知识网络】一、重点词汇与短语1.impress(1).impress作“铭刻”讲时，是及物动词.常用于impress sth on/upon sb“使某人铭记某事物”.例如：H is words impressed themselves on my memory.他的话铭刻在我的记忆里.(2).impress还可以表示“给某人留下深刻印象”，常用于被动语态.例如：We were deeply impressed by his words.他的话给我们留下了深刻的印象.H is ac ting impressed me as being somewhat artific ial.他的演技给我的印象是有点做作.(3).习语：impress sb with sth.使某人牢记某事.be impressed on one,s mind/memory 被印在脑海里；留下很深的印象.(4).同义词：affec t v方给.以印象；影响.2.c lose 与 c losely 的区别c lose和 c losely用作副词意义上有差别。Close是指距离、场所、地点等的“接近，靠近”，可以说是一种实际意义上的“接近”。Close to有“接近,儿乎，大概,差不多”的意思。例如：We live c lose to the c hurc h.我们住在教堂附近。They sat c lose together.他们紧挨着坐在一起。H e c ame c lose to losing his temper.他差一点发脾气了。Closely是指抽象意义上的“接近”，多用比喻意义，有“亲密地，严密地，仔细地”等意思。例如：The sec ret must be c losely guarded.这个秘密要严加保守。H e is looking at the bill c losely.他正仔细地看着帐单。拓展 由c lo s e和c lo s e ly这种意义上的区别,我们可以很轻 松 地 区 别h i g h和h i g h ly w i d e和w i d e ly等一类词。带Ty的副词往往用作抽象意义或比喻意义，而不带Ty的副词多用作实际意义。例如:He th r e w th e b a ll h i g h i nto th e a i r.他把球高高地抛向空中。（h i g h是 指 实 际 意 义 上 的“高”）T h e y s p o ke h i g h ly o f h i s b e h a v i o u r.他们高度地赞扬了他的行为。（h i g h ly用 作 比 喻 意 义“高度地”）T h e d e nti s t a s ke d me to o p e n w i d e.牙医要我张大嘴巴。（w i d e是 指 实 际 意 义 的“大、阔”）He i s w i d e ly r e a d.他博览群书。（w i d e ly是 指 抽 象 意 义 上 的“广 泛 地”）3.recommend（1）.r e c o mme nd作 推 荐；介 绍“解时，是及物动 词.与to搭配，表 示“将 推荐给”，与f o r搭配，表 示“推荐做 ”，与a s搭配，表 示“推荐为例如:I c an rec ommend this dish.我可以推荐这道菜.Will you rec ommend a good dic tionary to me?你能推荐(介绍