专题27完形填空之记叙文类-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点•题型 •技巧》精讲与精练资料（学生版）.docx

专题27完形填空之记叙文类考点题型 技巧考向分析全国卷对完形填空的考查，近几年来一直以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，以说明文和议论文为辅。从选材到试题的设置都呈现出稳中有变的特点：1. 题材相对稳定：文章的选材都是中学生熟悉的话题，能够传递正能量，弘扬社会主义核心价值观，读后 能给考生带来心灵的启迪。且文章大多原汁原味，语言地道，注重思想性和教育性，具有积极的教育意义，体现出了课程标准中对培养学生的情感、态度和价值观的要求。2. 文章短小精悍：完形填空的文章长度一般为250词左右，结构完整，脉络清晰，难度适中，全文设置20个空格，要求考生根据文章的整体内容，从层次结构和上下文的逻辑关系方面选择符合文章情节的选项， 很少涉及纯语法知识试题。3. 稳定中有变化：近几年高考完形填空在选项的设置上，打破了传统的四个选项类别一致的命题规律。复习建议在记叙文类完形填空的解题过程中，除了需要具备扎实的语言知识之外，还需要一套过硬的解题方法和技巧，很明显，如果掌握了正确的解题思路，就会起到事半功倍的效果，从而大幅度提高正确率。1. 读透首句，掌握主旨重视首句，明确短文话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。绝大多数记叙文的作者都会用一句话点明人物的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再逐渐深入介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结论，所以读透句首对学生了解全文至关重要，这就是我们理解文章内在联系的突破口。2. 跳空速读全文，掌握中心速读全文要求一气呵成，跳过空格，快速阅读，领会大意，把握中心。重点了解记叙文的要素，如：时间、地点、人物和事件等，从整体上把握文章的叙述顺序和结构主线。3. 身临其境，故事重构采取换位思考的方式，假设自己就是故事的主人公，在此情此景下，模拟故事的情景，体会人物的心情，推理故事的发展，体验作者的心情以及观点和态度等，这样才能对故事或事件有一个贴切的把握，才能选出符合语境的选项。同时要注意文化背景知识和生活常识。4. 关注末段，注意感想最后一段通常是作者的有感而发、心理体验或经验教训等。要注意结合语境选用合适的形容词、副词、动词或名词等。5. 浏览全文，复查核定根据记叙文的线索，考生一定要进行回查，仔细推敲，校正全文，使故事恢复原貌。检查要点是：（1）语意是否前后一致；（2）上下文是否通顺连贯，内容是否完整；（3）所选词汇是否符合语法、句法结构；（4）文化背景和生活常识是否合理。考点导航记叙文是记人叙事的文章，它主要是用于说明事件的时间、背景、起因、过程及结果，即我们通常所说的五个" W "( what, who, when, where, why )和一个" H "( how )。记叙文的重点在于"述说"和"描写"，因此一篇好的记叙文要叙述条理清楚，描写生动形象。 1. 叙述的人称英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过"我"来传达给读者，使人读后感到真实可信，如身临其境。如：The other day, I was driving along the street. Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast. I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side. But it was too late. The car hit my bike and I fell off it.用第三人称叙述，优点在于叙述者不受"我"活动范围以内的人和事物的限制，而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者，直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前，文章的客观性很强。如：Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard. On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover. Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short. What could he do? Then he had a good idea.2. 动词的时态在记叙文中，记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高，且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的，这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化，正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。3. 叙述的顺序记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙，都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作，较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙，读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果，让所叙之事跌宕起伏，使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃，从而为文章所吸引，深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当，则容易弄巧成拙，使文章结构散乱，头绪不清，让读者不知所云。4. 叙述的过渡过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如：In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things. Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao. It is really a beautiful city. There are many places of interest to see. But what impressed me most was the sunrise. The next morning I got up early. I was very happy because it was a fine day. By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red. In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing. The sun was very red, not shining. It rose slowly. At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball. At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright.What a moving and unforgettable scene! 5. 叙述与对话引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述，可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态，使记叙生动、有趣，使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果：I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something. Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front. I thought maybe someone was knocking the door. I asked who it was but I heard no reply. After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor. I realized it was the cat. I felt released.这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字，但经作者这么一写，就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式，没有人物语言，把"悬念"给冲淡了。可作如下调整：I was in the kitchen cooking something. "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front. Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply. After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor. "Its you." I said, quite released.记叙文类完形填空可分为记事和记人两种形式，记叙时间、地点、人物和事件等，文章长度在300词左右。文章首句一般不设空，以情景意义考查为主，淡化对语法的考查，4个选项词类相同，设空以实词为主，即动词、名词、形容词、副词为主，虚词为辅，即介词、连词，代词为辅，几乎不涉及情态动词与冠词。近几年记叙文文体完形填空的选文突出了叙述上的灵活性、事件的趣味性和教育性，再加上生词量的增大，及复合句的增多，考生在此题上的失分仍然很严重。因此，如在读懂原文的情况下减少失误是目前考生面临的重大问题。1.细读文章首句，推测全文内容完形填空通常首句是一个完整的句子，它提供的信息是把握全文主旨的关键，是理解全文大意的一扇窗户，所以理解首句信息显得很重要。一般情况下，高考完形填空首句不设空。少数情况下，即使设空，也是在句子末尾，不影响考生对句意的把握。2.通读全文，理清各个角色一般来说，记叙文有两个或两个以上的角色，作者对这些角色的态度是不一样的，即便是对做同样一件事的人，作文突出了叙述上的灵者也不一定采用同样的态度来描述。只有把握好每个人物生词量的增大，及复：的特点和内心世界，才能更好地定位文章的中心思想，更准然很严重。因此，如何确地选出答案。3.理顺事件线索，找准发展方向记叙文一般按事件发展的顺序来叙述（有时用倒叙）,正确把握文章的发展顺序对把握文章的主脉有着重要的意义。因此，在选择答案时要事先理清人物间的关系及各自所做的事情。4.描摩作者意图，弄清蕴含哲理记叙文一般通过一件平常事来说明一个人生哲理，或作者的感悟，因此把握好其中的道理，对理解细节有更为准确的作用。注意不要把自己的观点放到文章中去，一切都以作者或主人公的态度和观点为线索展开。5.把握时间线索，做出正确判断有些记叙文叙述一件事，故事情节随着时间而不断推进。我们可以抓住里面的时间线索，利用情节的变化来巧妙地做出判断。【题型分析】My previous home had a stand of woods behind it and many animals in the backyard.That first year, I 11 feeding peanuts to the blue jays, then the squirrels. The squirrels had no 12 coming up right to me for them . As the months went by , the rabbits saw that I was no 13 and didn't escape.11.A.avoided B. started C. canceled D. suggested12.A.business B. fun C. problem D. privilege13.A.help B. cheat C. threat D. exceptionI passed the clean comb back to Dad. He smiled at me and 41 placed his comb on his wallet. But this time, I noticed something 42 .Dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled, 43 his smile was still as 44 as before, the smile of a father who just wanted a good 45 for his family.41.A.firmly B. hurriedly C. casually D. carefully42.A.different B. exciting C. interesting D. urgent43 . A . for B. or C. so D. yet44.A.convincing B. heartwarming C. cautious D. innocent45.A.origin B. life C. reputation D. educationObediently(顺从地）,my class lay their heads on their desks, closed their eyes and 42 . When the music started , the room was filled with the most beautiful tones and musical colors I could have ever imagined. All the children were 43. When the music finished, I asked them all to raise their 44 slowly so that we could share our musical journeys.42.A.slept B. nodded C. waited D. continued43.A.talking B. singing C. dancing D. listening44.A.legs B. heads C. arms D. shouldersIt 37 me that playing against the other team was a great 38 moment for all the girls on the team. I think it is a general principle. 39 is the best teacher. The lessons they learned may not be 40 what they would have gotten in school, but are certainly more personal and meaningful , because they had to work them out on their own .37.A.confused B. struck C. reminded D. warned38 . A . touching B. thinking C. encouraging D. learning39 . A . Experience B. Independence C. Curiosity D. Interest40.A.harmful to B. mixed with C. different from D. applied toThat second year, the rabbits 15 me, and one would even sit up for slices!.By year three, the rabbits and the groundhog were back.The groundhog 23 didn't have a problem with me scratching her back , and I got an idea .15.A.feared B. ignored C. discovered D. remembered23 . A . also B. thus C. just D. still检测训练1、Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 21 . He learned the value and beauty of 22 there from a very young age.When he was 16, Molai began to notice something _23_ happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the _24_ it caused had driven away a number of birds. _25_, the number of snakes had declined as well. He _26_ that it was because there werent enough trees to protect them from the 27 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 28 during the daytime. He turned to the 29 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 30 a nearby island where he began to plant trees. 31 young plants in the dry season was 32 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 33 of each sapling(幼树)a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 34 rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below.Molai _35_ to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.21. A. dreamB. jobC. homeD. choice22. A. natureB. youthC. cultureD. knowledge23. A. preciousB. interestingC. disturbingD. awkward24. A. wasteB. tensionC. painD. damage25. A. BesidesB. HoweverC. ThereforeD. Otherwise26. A. agreedB. realizedC. rememberedD. predicted27. A. noiseB. heatC. diseaseD. dust28. A. directionsB. partnersC. helpD. shelter29. A. laborB. policeC. forestD. finance30. A. rebuiltB. discoveredC. leftD. managed31. A. DecoratingB. ObservingC. WateringD. Guarding32. A. toughB. illegalC. fantasticD. beneficial33. A. backB. topC. footD. side34. A. cool downB. keep offC. purifyD. collect35. A. returnedB. learnedC. failedD. continued2、There are good stories to be found in nearly every volunteer experience. But Laurie Scott is positive that 1 an exchange student produces some of the greatest.As a long-time volunteer with an agency that helps 2 students connect with warm and caring 3 during their time in the US, Scot sees first-hand both the humor and the very deeply meaningful outcomes. Scott 4 Christine, for example, a student from Norway. 5 at a restaurant one day, Christine was asked if she wanted a soup or salad. The girl turned to Scott with 6 , “Why would I want a super salad?” Trying not to laugh too hard, Scott 7 that what the waiter had asked was whether she wanted “soup or salad”.Scott and her husband 8 volunteered to be a host family in August 2003. They had just moved to Las Vegas, and she was looking for a way to get connected in the community. “The concept of helping 9 world peace through understanding is what makes me 10 . Through the agency I have found the best part of my community in our great families and have been able to share the 11 side of the US with our students.”Time and again, her 12 to service has opened hearts. In fact, she says, one of their amazing experiences came from 13 one hosted student, a young man from Germany named Jens, about how Americans volunteer. In Germany, where young people are 14 to spend a year serving in the army, volunteer service is 15 . Therefore, Jens was so 16 by the concept of giving that he 17 the agency to help promote exchanges, and became very involved with local schools. 18 all stories that come out of international exchange, theres a (an) 19 in this one: Opening our hearts and 20 is something we can all do.1. A. adoptingB. hostingC. raisingD. teaching2. A. internationalB. promisingC. needyD. urban3. A. relativesB. collegesC. housesD. friends4. A. missesB. remembersC. praisesD. loves5. A. QueuingB. WorkingC. CallingD. Ordering6. A. surpriseB. angerC. delightD. fear7. A. announcedB. realisedC. explainedD. concluded8. A. obviouslyB. frequentlyC. probablyD. originally9. A. make upB. give awayC. take overD. bring about10. A. talentedB. involvedC. organizedD. relaxed11. A. familiarB. flexibleC. positiveD. controversial12. A. sacrificeB. devotionC. responseD. addiction13. A. teachingB. remindingC. questioningD. warning14. A. requiredB. advisedC. determinedD. considered15. A. compulsoryB. widespreadC. validD. unusual16. A. frightenedB. relievedC. attractedD. challenged17. A. foundedB. inspiredC. joinedD. permitted18. A. ExceptB. LikeC. Rather thanD. Regardless of19. A. differenceB. anecdoteC. amusementD. lesson20. A. mindsB. homesC. eyesD. schools3、I work as a waiter at a restaurant. Last night an elderly couple came into the restaurant and my co-worker 1 them. We usually do our own tables, but because we were so 2 last night that we helped each other out. Then the elderly couple 3 to me that they were ready to order.The husband began ordering and it was very clear that he had a 4 disorder. I could tell the wife had told her husband very complexly what she wanted, as a way for him to 5 ordering. It took a while for him to order, and in the meantime she was sitting there and she looked so proud and 6 despite her husbands immense stammering (结巴). Honestly, the whole thing just had a strong influence on me. It was beautiful and just made me that a huge part of 8 is acceptance, tolerance and support. She could have made the order and made things a lot 9 for her husband and avoided the 10 from other tables, but she didnt. Instead, she 11 him and was proud to see him 12 the order.This whole thing reminded me that life is 13 for all of us. I assumed these wealthy people had everything going well for them and Im sure they do, but it just reminded me that all of us have our 14 . I initially took their 15 of wanting to order as being rude, but I think they signaled it because he really wanted to get the order right.1. A. comfortedB. seatedC. askedD. ignored2. A. cautiousB. anxiousC. lateD. busy3. A. signaledB. pointedC. adjustedD. appealed4. A. hearingB. mindC. speechD. sleep5. A. considerB. enjoyC. imagineD. practice6. A. awkwardB. contentC. upsetD. curious7. A. realizeB. expectC. wonderD. admit8. A. loveB. praiseC. rewardD. dream9. A. clearerB. slowerC. saferD. easier10. A. congratulationsB. cheersC. wishesD. stares11. A. protectedB. supportedC. evaluatedD. urged12. A. completeB. acceptC. takeD. obey13. A. valuableB. difficultC. unfairD. peaceful14. A. strengthsB. problemsC. fearsD. mistakes15. A. commandB. opinionC. gestureD. purpose4、When my daughter, Mia, was invited to a kids pool party, my heart sunk. My 41 sometimes got in the way of me doing activities with her.There were moments that should have 42 as a warning, like the family party where I had frightening heart palpitations(心悸) and saw Mia looking at me in 43 , but I just nut it to the back of my 44 .One day, one close friend 45 me, “Seriously, you are the biggest YOU Ive ever seen. So, from now on youre coming to the Slimming World group with me.” Later, her words 46 in my mind. There I was, aged 33, overweight and starting to have heart 47 . What would Mia do if she lost her dad? 48 , I was pulled into the group. With the consultant