北京导游词:六大景点英文导游词之天坛.docx
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1、北京导游词:六大景点英文导游词之天坛 北京导游词 LadiesandGentlemen: WelcometothetempleofHeaven.(Afterself-introduction)preservedculturalheritagesofChina.Therearebasicallytwokindsofvisitorswhocomehere:localpensionerswhodoexerciseshereinthemorningandeveningandsightseersbothfromhomeandabroad.Allinall,thereare12millionvisitor
2、sveryyear.Nowwearegoingtogoalongtheroutethatleadstothealter.Itwilltakeroughlyonehour.Mindyou,theemperoralsowalkedalongthisroutetopaytributetotheGodofHeaven. (AlongtheSouthernSacredRoadleadingtotheCircularMoundAltar) ThelargestgroupofarchitecturesevertobededicatedtoHeaven,theTempleofHeavenservedasane
3、xclusivealtarforChinesemonarchsduringtheMingandQingdynasties.ItwasdecreedthatrulersofsuccessivedynastieswouldplacealtarsintheirowncapitalstoworshipHeavenandprayforgoodharvest.Butwhy? TheancientChinesebelievedthatHeavenwasthesupremeruleroftheuniverseandthefateofmankind,andthusworshipingritesdedicated
4、toHeavencameintobeing.TheHeaventheancientChinesereferredtowasactuallytheUniverse,ornature.Inthosedays,therewerespecficritesofworship.ThiswasespeciallytrueduringtheMingandQingdynastieswhenelaborateceremonieswereheld. TheTempleofHeavenwasbuiltin1420duringthereignofEmperorYoungleoftheMingDynasty.Situat
5、edinthesouthernpartofthecity,thisgrandsetofstructurescoversanareaof273hectares.Tobettersymbolizeheavenandearth,thenorthernpartoftheTempleiscircularwhilethesouthernpartissquare.Thewholecompoundisenclosedbytwowalls,asquarewalloutsidearoundone.Theouterareaischaracterizedbysuburbanscenery,whiletheinnerp
6、artisusedforsacrifices.TheinnerenclosureconsistsoftheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvestandtheCircularMoundAltar. (AlongtheImperialPassageleadingfromtheSouthernLatticeStarGateinfrontoftheCircularMoundAltar) theCircularMoundAltarisenclosedbytwowalls,eachcontainingfourgroupsofSouthernLatticeStarGate,eachinturn
7、consistingofthreedoors,with24marbledoorsaltogether.Standingonthepassagefacingnorth,youwillnoticethatwitheachpairofdoorsonisnarrowerthantheother.Thisreflectsthefeudalhierarchy:thewiderdoorwasreservedformonarchs,whilethenarroweronewasusedbycourtiers. Onthedayoftheceremony,theemperorwoulddonhisritualco
8、stumeandbeusheredinbytheofficialinchargeofreligiousaffairs.Heascendedthethreeterracesintheforefronttopaytributeatthealter. (AtoptheCircularMoundAlter) wearenowonthetopterraceoftheAltar,orthethirdterrace.Eachterracehasaflightof9steps.Atthecenterofthisterraceliesaroundstonesurroundedby9steps.Atthecent
9、erofthisterraceliesaroundstonesurroundedby9concentricringsofstone.Thenumberofstonesinthefirstringis9,inthesecond,18,upto81inthe9thring.Eventhenumberofcarvedbalustradesontheseterracesisamultipleeof9.Butwhy? AccordingtoancientChinesephilosophy,yinandyangweretwoopposingfactors.Heavenandtheoddnumbersbel
10、ongedtoyangwhiletheEarthandevennumbersbelongedtoyin.Ninewasthelargestheavenlynumberaccessibletoman.Whatismore,theancientpeoplealsobelievedthatheavenconsistedofninelayersandthattheemperorsabodewasontheuppermosttier. Oncemorelookattheroundstoneinthecenter.Theupperterraceisninezhang(aChineseunitoflengt
11、h,onezhangequals3.3meters)incircumference,whilethemiddleis15zhang,thelower,21zhang.Classifiedasyangnumbers,thesumofthesenumeralsis45zhangwhichwasmeanttosymbolizedsuccess.Whatismore,byapplyingtheconceptofoddnumbersandstrengtheningnineanditsmultiples,theconceptofheavenwasthusillustratedandrealized.The
12、conceptofninewillalsobementionedwhenwevisitsomeotherbuildings. NowIwillgiveyouabriefaccountofwhathappenedhereannuallyontheInterSolstice.ThememorialtabletdedicatedtoHeavenwouldbesetuponthenorthsideoftheterrace,whiletabletsdedicatedtotheemperorsancestorswouldbeenshrinedontheflanks.Theservicewouldbegin
13、around4oclockinthemorning.Allofthelanternswouldbelit.Intheforeground,asacrificialcalfisbeingbarbecued.Onthesquareinfrontofthealtar,theemperor,underheavyescortofnearlyathousandcourtiers,princesofroyalblood,musicians,dancersanduniformedsoldiers,wouldslowlyascendthealtartooffersacrificeandprayinhonorof
14、Heaven.Whentheservicedrewtoaclose,thesacrificeofferedinfrontofthememorialtabletswouldbeincinerated.AllofparticipantswouldwatchthethicksmokeriseupwardasiftheywereseeingGodoff.Musicanddancingwouldfollow.Intheend,theemperorwouldreturntotheForbiddenCitysecureinthebeliefthathewouldbeblessedandprotectedby
15、HeavenuntilthenextwinterSolstice. Itisinterestingtonotethat,thestoneintheverymiddleofthealtarwasofmajorimportance,sinceitwaswheretheemperorusedtostandtosayhisprayer.Thestone,whichisknownastheGodsheartStone,ispeculiarinthatitischaracterizedbyaspecificacousticphenomenon:itmadetheemperorsvoicecleareran
16、dlouder,thusaddingtothemysticatmosphereoftheservice.Youcantrythisoutbyyourself.(ProceednorthwardtopassthroughtheLatticeStarGate) (InfrontoftheGateofglazedtiles) thisstructureisknownasHeavensStorehouse.ItisenteredthroughtheGateofglazedTiles.Theroofing,beams,andbracketsareallmadeofglazedtilesorbricks.
17、Thisistheonlystructureofitskindinchinatoday. theHeavensStorehousewaswherememorialtabletsdedicatedtothegodswerekept.DouglasHurd,aformerBritishforeighsecretary,oncesaid,“GodattendstoHisaffairsontheCir4cularMoundAltarbutstayshere.”Nowletsgointotoseeit(Gothroughtheleftsidedoor) (InthecourtyardofHeavensS
18、torehouse) thisistheImperialVaultofHeaven,themainstructureofHeavensStorehouse.Itwasbuiltin1530andis17metersinheightand19metersindiameter.Thestructurefeatureblueroofstoppedbyagildedball,andcarvedwoodendoorsandwindows.Itisdecoratedwithcoloredpaintings.Foundedona3-meter-hignroundmarbleterrace,thebuildi
19、ngalsofeaturesagiganticcarvedmarbleramplaidinthestonestaircaseleadinguptothefrontentrance.Therampiscarvedin“TwodragonsPlayingwithapearl”designinrelief.Wewillenterthemainhallbygoingupthestonestaircaseontheeasternside. (Onthemarbleterraceofthemainhall) thearchofthehallisbuttressedby16giantpillarsontwo
20、rings.Ontopofthepillarstherearegiltbracketssupportingacircularcaisson,orcoveredceiling.Theceilingischaracterizedbyagoldencoilingdragondesign.The8pillaroftheinnerringarepaintedscarletanddecoratedwithgoldenlotuses. Tothenorthofthehallthereisamarblepedestal.Atopit,upawoodenflightof9steps,iswherethemajo
21、rtabletdedicatetoHeavenwasenshrined.OneachflankfourtabletsareenshrinedinhonoroftheancestorsoftheQingemperors.IntheannexhallinhornoroftheancestorsoftheQingemperors.Intheannexhallsinthecourtyard,therearetabletsdedicatedtothedeitiesofthesun,moon,constellation,cloud,rain,windandthunder. (EchoWallandTrip
22、lesoundStones) Asidefromexquisitelylaidoutarchitectures,HeavensStorehouseisalsofamousfortwostructureswithpeculiaracousticfeatures,i.E.theEchoWallandtheTriple-SoundStone.Amerewhisperatanypointclosetothewallcanbeheardclearlyontheotherside,althoughthepartiesmaybe40or50metersapart.Thisispossiblebecauset
23、hewallisroundandhermeticallyconstructedwithsmooth,solidbricks. InfrontofthestepsleadingawayfromthehallsistheTripleSoundStone.Ifyoustandonthefirststoneandcalloutorclapyourhands,thesoundwillechoonce;onthesecondstone,thesoundwillbeheardtwice;andonthethirdstone,thesoundwillrepeatthreetimes.Hencethename.
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