八种句子成分(共4页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上句子成分一 定义定义构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分主要成分主语和谓语次要成分宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语二 八种成分的用法【主语】主语定义主语是一个句子所叙述的主体.主语位置一般位于句首.但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语为疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面哪些词可以作主语名词,代词,数词,不定式,动名词,名词化的形容词,短语,句子The village is very beautiful.(名词)Who is speaking,please?(电话中问对方是谁)(代词)Two will be enough.(数词)To tran
2、slate this ideal into reality needs hard work.(不定式)Skating is good exercise.(动名词)The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.(名词化的形容词)How to do well is an important question.(短语)What has happened proves that our policy is right.(句子)【谓语】谓语定义谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态.动词在句中作谓语谓语位置一般放在主语之后.谓语的构成
3、如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成.如:He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成.如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.(2)由系动词加表语构成.如:We are students.【宾语】宾语定义宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者宾语位置一般位于及物动词和介词后面哪些词可以作宾语名词,代词,数词,名词化的形容词,不定式,动名词,动名词短语,句子She is doing her homework now.(名词)I l
4、ike it very much.(代词)How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)He likes to play basketball.(不定式)I like swimming.(动名词)We enjoy listening to the music.(动名词短语)He told me that he was a teacher before.(句子)宾语种类(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)例如:Lend me
5、your dictionary, please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补)例如:They elected him their monitor.【定语】定语定义修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语定语位置被修饰的词前或后哪些词可以作定语名词,代词,名词或代词所有格,数词,形容词(限观形龄色国材),分词,动名词,不定式,介词短语,句子可以作定语.Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)There are thirty women teach
6、ers is our school.(名词)His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词)His son needs Toms pen.(代词和名词所有格)Two boys need two pens.(数词)Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)He is reading an article about how to learn Eng
7、lish.(介词短语)The boy who is tall is my brother.(句子)【状语】状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语状语位置句首,句中,句尾哪些词可以作状语名词,数词,形容词,副词,副词性词组,介词短语,不定式,分词,句子.Wait a minute.(名词)Ive done it hundreds of times.(数词)I got home,tired and thirsty.(形容词)Light travels most quickly.(副词)Generally speaking,when taken accordin
8、g to the directions,the medicine has no side effect.(副词性词组)He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语)They came out of the classroom,talking and laughing.(现在分词)Mr Black came back drunk that night.(过去分词)Once you begin, you
9、must continue.(句子)状语种类时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,条件状语,方式状语,比较状语,让步状语,目的状语,结果状语,伴随状语How about meeting again at six?(时间状语)Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语)I shall go there if it doesnt rain.(条件状语)Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语)She put the eggs into the basket with grea
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