一般将来时和一般过去时知识点及练习(共16页).docx
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上一般将来时A、概念 一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。一般将来时由助动词shall(第一人称),will(第二、三人称)+动词原形构成。美国英语则不管什么人称,一律用will。 B、一般将来时的形式 will 常简略为 ll,并与主语连写在一起,如:Ill,hell,itll,well,youll,theyll。 一般疑问句如用Will you?其简略答语须是Yes,I will或 No,I will not;如用 Shall you?(较少见)其简略答语须是 Yes,I shall或 No, I shall not。 C、一
2、般将来时的用法 1)表示将来的动作或状态 一般将来时常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用,如:tomorrow(明天), next week(下周), from now on(从现在开始);in the future(将来)等。 2)表示将来经常发生的动作。 一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,其表达形式除了“shall(第一人称),will(第二、三人称)+动词原形构成”外,还有以下几种形式。 1)“to be going to+动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。例如: It is going to rain. 要下雨了。 We are going to have a meeting
3、 today. 今天我们开会。 2)go, come,start,move,sail,leave,arrive,stay等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作,例如: Im leaving for Beijing. 我要去北京。3)“be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。例如: Are we to go on with this work?我们继续干吗? The boy is to go to school tomorrow.这个男孩明天要去上学。 4)“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作,意为:很快,马上。后面一般不跟时间状语。例如: We are ab
4、out to leave.我们马上就走。 5)某些词,如come, go, leave, arrive, start, get, stay 等的一般现在时也可表示将来。 The meeting starts at five oclock.会议五点开始。 He gets off at the next stop.他下一站下车D、一般将来时特点1)shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first? Will you be at home at seven this even
5、ing?2)be going to +不定式,表示将来。a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?b. 计划,安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。c. 有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3)be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4)be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。 H
6、e is about to leave for Beijing.注意:be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。E、一般将来时常见用法1、表示将要发生的动作。例如:I shall go to see a friend this evening.2、shall用于第一人称作主语的问句里,表示征求对方的意见或询问情况。例如:Shall I open the door?3、will用于第二人称的问句里,征求对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令。例如:Will you please read the word?4、be going to打算、准
7、备做某事或即将发生的事。例如:We are going to plant trees.这种时态由be的将来时形式+现在分词构成。如主语为第一人称,除在疑问句外will要比shall更常用.可用做一般进行时;也可表示不含意图又未发生的动作。5、be to do按计划安排要发生的事或征求对方意见。例如:When is the swimming pool to open?6、be going在go,come,leave,stay等按计划安排要发生的事中。这些动词经常具有趋向性。例如:They are leaving here tomorrow.F be going to 和will 区别be goi
8、ng to与will两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事,但它们有如下几点区别: 1. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,will 表示的将来时间则较远一些,如: He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. 2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. 3. be going to
9、含有“计划,准备”的意思,而 will 则没有这个意思,如: She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. 4.在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如: If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you. 在下列情况下用will: 1.根据说话者的见解和观点对未来作出预言时 I think Smiley will make a good footballer. Smith will beat Patt
10、erson with a knock-out in the second round. 2.在说话时突然作出的决定时,一般用will的缩约式ll Im tired. I think Ill go to bed. Come to supper. OK, thanks. Ill bring a bottle. 3.表示意图、提议、许诺、自愿做某事或坚持做某事时 Theres the door-bell. Ill go. I will stop smoking I really will! 4.表示请求和邀请时 Will you give me a hand? Will you come in an
11、d have a drink? 5.表示命令或威胁时 You will start work at six oclock. Ill beat you if you do that again. 6.表示习惯和规律时 She will greet me when she meets me. Man will die. 在下列情况下用be going to 1.根据现在所见,预计不久肯定会发生的事情时 Look!its going to rain! The car is going to turn over. 2.谈及打算或事先决定了的事情时 What are you going to be wh
12、en you grow up? Why have you torn the paper into pieces? I am going to rewrite it.一般过去时态A、概念表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。通常在句子里找到表示过去时间的词或词组。如:yesterday,yesterday morning,yesterday afternoon,yesterday evening,the day before yesterday(前天),last night,last week,last month, last year,a moment ago(刚才),just no
13、w(刚才), two days ago,a week ago,in 1990等。 如: I went to bed at eleven last night. 昨晚我11:00睡觉。B、动词过去式的构成规律(一)规则动词的过去式1、一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed;如:looklooked playplayed;2、以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d;如:livelived useused;3、以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词,先将 y 改为i ,再加 ed;如:studystudied, trytried flyflied4、以重读闭音节(即辅音元音辅音)或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字
14、母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加 ed。如:stopstoppedplanplanned;(二)不规则动词的过去式(后附不规则动词变化表)1、改变动词中的元音;beginbegan drinkdrank comecame eatate growgrew runran knowknew winwon speakspoketaketook writewrote getgot2、变词尾的d 为t ; buildbuilt lendlent sendsent spendspent bendbent3、与动词原形一样; cutcut putput costcost hurthurt shutshu
15、t4、变-ay 为-aid (少数动词); saysaid paypaid laylaid 5、采用不同词根;sellsold teachtaught buybought6、其他。如:am/iswas arewere have/hashad dodidC、句式变化(一)一般过去时的一般疑问句1、把was, were放在句首,其余位置不变。由Was?引导的一般疑问句,肯定答为:Yes, was. 否定回答为:No,. wasnt. 由Were?引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答为:Yes, were. 否定回答为:No, werent. 如:(1)I was born in Shanghai. Were
16、 you born in Shanghai?Yes, I was. (肯定回答) No, I wasnt. (否定回答)(2)They were in Li Yans home last night. Were they in Li Yans home last night?Yes, they were. (肯定回答) No, they werent. (否定回答)2、在行为动词的句子中,要用助动词词did来引导,其余的语序不变。要注意的是,要把行为动词的过去式改为原形。肯定回答为:Yes, did. 否定回答:No, didnt. 如:John played computer games l
17、ast night.Did John play computer games last night?Yes, he did. (肯定回答) No, he didnt. (否定回答)D一般过去时的否定句1、在表示过去存在的状态的句子中,相接在was, were的后面加上not。如:(1)He was in the park the day before yesterday. He was not in the park the day before yesterday.(2)We were busy last week. We were not busy last week.2、在表示过去的时间
18、发生的动作的句子中,要在行为动词的前面加助动词didnt.然后把过去式的行为动词改为动词原形。即:didnt + 动词原形。如:(1)She played the violin last night. She didnt play the violin last night.(2) They swam in the lake yesterday. They didnt swim in the lake yesterday.F 一般过去式的特殊疑问句1.What did ?(主要是询问过去发生了什么事情,注意要把过去式改为动词原形。)We ate Chinese food last night.
19、 What did we eat last night?2.Where did ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的地方。)They sang and dance in the music room yesterday morning.Where did they sing and dance yesterday morning?3.Who + 动词过去式 ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的人物。)Mike and Tom climbed mountains last weekend. Who climbed mountains last weekend?G、句子结构1、在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子
20、,系动词用过式was,were构成。如:(1)I was at home yesterday.昨天我在家。 (2)We were in the gym just now. 刚才我们在体育馆。2、在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作,用动词的过去式构成。如:I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜访了我的叔叔。3各种句式(1)一般过去时的肯定陈述句:主语 动词过去式 宾语或表语。He worked in Shanghai ten years ago.(2)一般过去时的否定句:a主语 didnt 动词原形 宾语。 (did + not = didnt)He didnt do
21、morning exercises yesterday.b主语 wasnt/werent 表语。(was + not = wasnt were + not = werent)He wasnt an English teacher ten years ago.(3)一般过去时的一般疑问句:aDid 主语 动词原形 宾语 ?Did you study English in 1990 ?bWas/Were + 主语 表语 ?Was he a pupil five years ago ?(4)一般过去时的特殊疑问句:a特殊疑问词 did + 主语 动词原形 宾语?Where did your pare
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