英语句子成分讲解及句子类型.ppt
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1、取得英语语法成功的基石取得英语语法成功的基石词类词类作作 用用例例 词词1. (n.)名名 词词表示人或事表示人或事物的名称。物的名称。I bought a book .She is a student.2. (pron.)代词代词代替名词、代替名词、数词等。数词等。This is my friend. He likes that book becauseit is very useful to him. Parts of Speech3. (adj.)形容词形容词表示人或表示人或事物的特事物的特征或性状。征或性状。He is small but he is clever. The red p
2、en is useful for the teacher. He painted the wall white yesterday.4. (num.)数词数词表示数表示数目或顺目或顺序。序。There are ten apples on the table and I will take the first one.5. (v.)动动 词词表示动表示动作或状作或状态。态。We are working hard at English.I want to become an engineer.6. (adv.)副副 词词表示动表示动作的特作的特征或性征或性状特征。状特征。I like Englis
3、h very much.The teacher treats us kindly .The train goes fast. He seldom comes to see us. 7. (prep.)介介 词词表示名表示名词、代词、代词和其词和其他词之他词之间的关间的关系。系。He usually stay at home on Sundays.8. (conj.)连词连词连接词与词连接词与词或句与句的或句与句的作用。作用。He and I are in the same class and we are good friends. Two or three of us can dance w
4、ell but I cant .9. (interj.)感叹词感叹词表示强烈的表示强烈的感情感情Oh ! How beautiful the scene is! What a good idea! Goodness !10. (art.)冠词冠词用来限制名用来限制名词的意义词的意义I have a pet dog . The dog is very lovely. He is an old man but very strong.一、主语一、主语主语(主语(subject):):句子说明的人或事物。句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于主语一般位于_ 。1.Lucy likes her new bi
5、ke. 2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.句首句首 1. We love China. 2. She seems tired. 3. He can speak English 4. We have finished reading this book.二、谓语二、谓语谓语谓语:说明主语说明主语做什么做什么或或怎么样怎么样。通常由。通常由_ 充当充当.动词常分为实义动词动词常分为实义动词,连系动词连系动词,情态动词和助动词情态动
6、词和助动词.动词动词实义动词实义动词连系动词连系动词情态动词情态动词助动词助动词(V.)情态动词情态动词和和助动词助动词不能单独充当谓语不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.They can speak English well.They are playing over there.1)状态状态系动词系动词,用来表示主语状态,只有,用来表示主语状态,只有be (am,is ,are,was,were,been,being)一词)一词 He is a teacher. 2)持续持续系动词,用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或系动词,用来表示主语继续
7、或保持一种状况或态度,主要有态度,主要有keep, remain, stay He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。他开会时总保持沉默。 系动词系动词3)表像表像系动词,用来表示系动词,用来表示看起来像看起来像这一概念,主要这一概念,主要有有seem, appear, look, 例如:例如:He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad.4)感官感官系动词,主要有系动词,主要有feel, smell, sound, tasteThis flower smells very sweet. 5)变化变化系动词,
8、表示主语变成什么样,主要有系动词,表示主语变成什么样,主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, comeHe became mad after that. 6)终止终止系动词,表示主语已终止动作,主要有系动词,表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn outThe rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。这谣言证实有假。His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。他的计划终于成功了。谓语谓语(V.)实义动词实义动词连系动词连系动词情态动词情态动词助动词助动词三、宾语三、宾语宾语宾语:动作行为的对象,
9、说明主语做什么。一:动作行为的对象,说明主语做什么。一般放在般放在_或或_后面后面.1.We study English. 2.Our teacher said that he would go there.3.He is looking at the dog.双宾语双宾语:指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。:指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。 He gave me two books.及物动词及物动词介词介词表语表语:跟在:跟在连系动词连系动词后面的词语或从句后面的词语或从句,用用来说明主语的身份来说明主语的身份,特征特征,状态状态.The trees turn green.The fl
10、owers are beautiful .My job is to teach you English.The question is how we can get there.四、表语四、表语定语:用来修饰限定定语:用来修饰限定_. This is a red car. The building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have something to tell you. The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. Every student has an En
11、glish book.五、定语五、定语名词名词状语状语:修饰修饰动动词、词、形形容词、容词、副副词或词或全全句句,说明,说明时间、地点、方式、因果、时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。等。 六、六、状语状语John often came to chat with me As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday. She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. My father worked in this school ten years ag
12、o.Though he is young, he knows a lot.He came running. (程度程度 目的目的)(地点(地点 伴随)伴随) (地点(地点 时间)时间)(让步)(让步)(方式)(方式)(原因原因) 补语补语是用于补充说明是用于补充说明主语主语或或宾语宾语的身份或的身份或特征。特征。七、七、补语补语Everyone calls him Jack. (宾补)(宾补)He is called Jack.(主补)(主补) 同位语同位语是位于是位于名词或或代词后后面的个别名词面的个别名词或名词词组,对前者进行补充说明或名词词组,对前者进行补充说明 The Great Wa
13、ll, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends.八、八、同位语同位语1. The sun rises in the east. ( ) 2. He likes dancing. ( )3. Two will be enough.( ) 4. Seeing is believing. ( ) 6. To see is to believe. ( ) 7. When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet. ( )8. What he n
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