中考英语动词语法ppt课件.ppt
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1、二、动词的分类二、动词的分类(1)(3)(2)一、动词的定义一、动词的定义三、动词的时态三、动词的时态四、非谓语动词四、非谓语动词五、被动语态五、被动语态1.一般现在时 2.一般过去时 3.一般将来时 4.现在进行时5.过去进行时 6.现在完成时 7.过去完成时 8.过去将来时六、动词的基本形式六、动词的基本形式类别类别特点特点意义意义举例举例实义动词实义动词 (vt. vi.)及物动词跟宾语须跟宾语一起才能表达完整的意思I have a book.不及物动词不能直接接宾语能独立作谓语She always comes late.系动词系动词(link-v)跟表语不能独立做谓语,跟表语构成完整意
2、思I am a student.助动词助动词(aux. v.)跟动词原形或分词(无词汇意义)不能独立做谓语,跟主要动词构成谓语,表示疑问,否定及各种时态He doesnt speak Chinese.I am watching TV.情态动词情态动词 (mod. v.) 跟动词原形(有自己的词汇意思)不能独立做谓语。表示说话人语气、情态,无人称和数的变化We can do it by ourselves.That would be better.一、按词义和句中的作用,动词可以分为四类一、按词义和句中的作用,动词可以分为四类返回二、短语动词二、短语动词构成方式构成方式举例举例动词动词+介词介词
3、Look at, look after动词动词+副词副词Give up, put into动词动词+副词副词+介词介词Catch up with, look down upon动词动词+名词名词+介词介词Take care of, pay attention to Be+形容词形容词+介词介词Be proud of, be afraid of 复杂结构复杂结构Make up ones mind:由一些动词和其它词构成短语,:由一些动词和其它词构成短语,表达一个完整的意思。其构成方式表达一个完整的意思。其构成方式如下如下返回三、按动词的形式可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词三、按动词的形式可以分为谓语
4、动词和非谓语动词形形 式式意意 义义举举 例例人称人称与主语在人称一致与主语在人称一致I am reading now. I am reading now. 第一人称第一人称数数与主语在数上一致与主语在数上一致He writes well. He writes well. 第三人称单数第三人称单数时态时态表示动作发生的时间表示动作发生的时间He wrote a letter to me last month. He wrote a letter to me last month. 过去时态过去时态语态语态主语是动作的发生者或者承受主语是动作的发生者或者承受者者We study English.
5、We study English.主动主动The road was filled with rubbish. The road was filled with rubbish. 被被动动语气语气说话人表达事实、要求、愿望说话人表达事实、要求、愿望等等He has flown to America. He has flown to America. 事实事实I wish I could fly to the moon some I wish I could fly to the moon some day. day. 愿望愿望1、谓语动词、谓语动词(如下如下)2、非谓语动词、非谓语动词返回2、非
6、谓语动词、非谓语动词形式意义用途举例不定式起形容词和起形容词和名词作用名词作用可作主语、表语、宾可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语语、定语、状语It takes me 20 minutes to go to school动名词起名词作用起名词作用作主语和宾语作主语和宾语She likes reading.分词现在分词起形容词、起形容词、副词作用,副词作用,表主动表主动作表语、定语、状语、作表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语宾语补足语The cup is broken过去分词起形容词、起形容词、副词作用,副词作用,表被动表被动The steam is seen rising from the wet c
7、lothes.1.一般现在时一般现在时(1 1)表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态)表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态(2 2)表示主语现在的性格、特征、能力)表示主语现在的性格、特征、能力(3 3)表示客观事实或普遍用法)表示客观事实或普遍用法(4 4)用于状语从句代替一般将来时)用于状语从句代替一般将来时eg.Weeg.We oftenoften writewrite toto eacheach other. other. 我们时常相互通信。我们时常相互通信。 常与常与alwaysalways,usuallyusually,oftenoften,sometimessometimes,every
8、every dayday,onceonce a a weekweek,yearlyyearly每年,每年,monthlymonthly每月,每月, 等时间状语或频率副词连用。等时间状语或频率副词连用。 eg.He works hard.eg.He works hard.他努力工作他努力工作eg.The sun rises in the east. Light goes faster than soundeg.The sun rises in the east. Light goes faster than soundeg.You will succeed if you try .eg.You
9、will succeed if you try .I will tell him about it as soon as I see him next Monday.I will tell him about it as soon as I see him next Monday. 常与连词:常与连词:when , as soon as , before , after , until , if when , as soon as , before , after , until , if 如果,等引导的如果,等引导的时间状语或条件状语从句时间状语或条件状语从句练习返回2.一般过去时一般过去时
10、(1).(1).表示过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态表示过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态. . e.g. He arrived in Hangzhou an hour ago. Where were you just now?(2).(2).表示过去某一时间里反复出现的动作或状态表示过去某一时间里反复出现的动作或状态. . e.g. Their children often went hungry in the old days. During his middle school years, he played football nearly every day.(3).(3).表示
11、主语过去的特征或性格等表示主语过去的特征或性格等. . e.g. At that time she spoke very good English. (4).(4).一般过去时往往和明确的过去时间状语连用一般过去时往往和明确的过去时间状语连用. .如如:yesterday, last night, :yesterday, last night, two days (months, weeks) ago, in 1996, at that time two days (months, weeks) ago, in 1996, at that time 等等, ,也常和也常和when, ifwhe
12、n, if等引导的状语从句连用等引导的状语从句连用. . e.g. Did you play volleyball yesterday afternoon? My father, when he was a child, worked 15 hours for the landlord a day.(5).(5).一般过去时可与一般过去时可与today, this week, this monthtoday, this week, this month等时间状语连用等时间状语连用. . e.g. I saw him today. He came late three times this we
13、ek.练习返回一般过去时的练习一般过去时的练习1. I saw him this morning.(改为否定句、疑问句并做回答)(改为否定句、疑问句并做回答)2. He came late three times this week.(同上)(同上)3. Jim came late three times this week.(分别对分别对a,b,c,d提问提问) a b c d4. AI_(be) 12 last year. B_(be)the doctor in the hospital last night? No, he_(be not). C. What _he_(do) yeste
14、rday? He_(draw)some pictures in the park.5.A. _ _a sweater on the desk just now.B. There are some children in the aquarium now. (用用 yesterday替换替换 now) _ _some children in the aquarium yesterday.C. There were some buildings here in the past. (改为一般疑问句改为一般疑问句) _ _ _ buildings here in the past?返回3.一般将来时
15、一般将来时a.will / shall +动词原形(备:在口语中,备:在口语中,shall和和will常缩写成常缩写成ll,紧接在主语之后。其否定式紧接在主语之后。其否定式shall not和和will not的简略式分别为的简略式分别为shant和和wont)(1)构成构成b. be going to + 动词原形c. be + 动词-ing形式(动词动词-ing形式通常是表示位置转移的动词,形式通常是表示位置转移的动词,如如arrive, come, go, leave, move, start, stay, get等)等)d.be + 动词不定式 (例:例:You are to be b
16、ack before 10:00 p.m. 你必须在上午你必须在上午10点前回来。表示按计划或正式安排将发生的事点前回来。表示按计划或正式安排将发生的事 )(2)用法用法表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。表示将要反复发生的动作表示将要反复发生的动作 (3)常用结构常用结构用于用于祈使句祈使句 + and + 陈术句陈术句中。中。Eg.Work hard and you will succeed. 与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用。与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用。If you ask him, he will help you. 用于用于I expect, Im su
17、re, I think, I wonder + 宾语从句宾语从句中。中。 I dont think the test will be very difficult.返回练习4.现在进行时现在进行时(1)(1)意义:意义:a.a.表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作。表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作。 常与常与now,the moment等连用。等连用。(2)(2)构成:构成:主语主语+be+现在分词现在分词(v.+ing)练习返回例:Listen! Mary is singing an English song in the classroom. b.表示现在时间段中正在进行的动作。表示现在时间段中正在进
18、行的动作。 例:They are planting trees on the hill these days.c.表示一种重复的动作,带有表示一种重复的动作,带有“厌恶厌恶”、“赞叹赞叹”等感情色彩。等感情色彩。 例:My brother is always leaving things about. 注注:现在进行时往往与always连用,给现在的动作披上一层感情色彩。现在进行时的练习现在进行时的练习1. What are you _(do) now? I _(eat) bread.2. Its nine oclock. My father_(work) in the office. 3.
19、Look, the boy_(put) the rubbish into the bin.4. _he_(clean) the classroom? No, he isnt. He_(play).5.Where is Mak? He_(run) on the grass. 6. Listen, who_(sing) in the music room? Oh, Mary_(sing) there.7.The birds are singing in the tree.(就划线部分提问).8.The children are playing games near the house.(就划线部分
20、提问)9.The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成一般疑问句) 返回5.过去进行时过去进行时(1)(1)意义:意义:(2 2)构成:)构成:主语主语+was/were+现在分词现在分词1表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。如:What were you doing when I phoned you last night? 2表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作。 如:They were building a dam last winter. 去年冬天他们在建一个大坝。 3用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置转
21、移的动词,以表示过去将要发生的动作。如: They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai. 返回练习6.现在完成时现在完成时(1)意义:)意义:现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。一直延续到现在的动作或状态。(2)结构:)结构:助动词助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词(3)四大标志词:)四大标志词: * 以以already, just和和yet为标志:为标志:
22、表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生 * 以以ever和和never为标志:为标志:表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过 * 以动作发生的次数为标志:以动作发生的次数为标志:He says he has been to the USA three times. * 以以so far为标志:为标志:表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生(4)注:)注:a.*“终止终止”、“延续延续”要转换要转换常见的有常见的有:come-be, go out -be out, leave-be away (from), be
23、gin-be on, buy-have, borrow-keep , join-be a member / 介词短语介词短语, die-be dead, become-be, open(v.)-be open(adj.) 等。等。 b. * 时间时间“点点”、“段段”须分清须分清 for+时间段时间段 since+过去某一过去某一时刻时刻返回练习现在完成时的练习现在完成时的练习A)选用have, has填空:1.I _ told him the news.2.She _ come back from school.3.You _ won the game.B)按要求改写下列各句:4.They
24、have bought a computer.(改成否定句)5.He has lost his book.(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)C) 单项选择6. -Where have you _, Kate?-Ive _ to the bank.A. gone, goneB. been, beenC. gone, beenD. been, gone7. Her grandfather _ for two years. A. diedB. has diedC. has been deadD. has been died8. Its six weeks _ I met you last.A.
25、 whenB. sinceC. beforeD. for9. Tom and Jack _ West Hill Farm already.A. have gotB. have gone toC. have been toD. have reached返回7.过去完成时过去完成时(1)概念概念:过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经发生的动过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经发生的动作或情况,即:过去的过去。如作或情况,即:过去的过去。如: When we got there, the football match had already started. 当我们赶到时,足球比
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