2022宁夏考研英语考试真题卷(5).docx
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1、2022宁夏考研英语考试真题卷(5)本卷共分为1大题50小题,作答时间为180分钟,总分100分,60分及格。一、单项选择题(共50题,每题2分。每题的备选项中,只有一个最符合题意) 1.Text 3Scholars and students have always been great travelers. The official case for academic mobility is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in t
2、he world, and debated in the corridors of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold.Mob
3、ility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas, their transference across frontier, their simuhaneous impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues; one presumes that only eccentrics have no interest in being credited with a startl
4、ing discovery, or a new technique. It must ’also have be6n reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the word were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confronted by inquisition, ridicule or neglect.In the twenti
5、eth century, and particularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane, making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible, and providing fo
6、r the very rapid transmission of knowledge.Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention: there are far more centres of learning, a
7、 far greater number of scholars and students.In addition one must recognize the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced study has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely de
8、fined. These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.Frequently these specialisations lie in areas where very rapid developments are taking place, and also where the research needed for developments is extremely costl
9、y and takes a long time. It is precisely in these areas that the advantages of collaboration and sharing of expertise appear most evident. Associated with this is the growth of specialist periodicals, which enable scholars to become aware of what is happening in different centres of research and to
10、meet each other in conferences and symposia. From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalised schemes of cooperation, and provide them with their most satisfactory stimulus.But as the specialisations have increased in number and narrowed in range,
11、there has been an opposite movement towards interdisciplinary studies. These owe much to the belief that one cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world, and by recent advances in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline. This trend ha
12、s led to a great deal of academic contact between disciplines, and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of specialist knowledge, reflected in the broad subjects chosen in many international conferences.The writer thinks that the growth of specialist societies and periodicals has helped scholars to(
13、)Acut down research costsBkeep up with current developmentsCspend less time travelingDdevelop their ideas more quickly2.Text 3Scholars and students have always been great travelers. The official case for academic mobility is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economi
14、c and social progress in the world, and debated in the corridors of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the
15、likeliest road to gold.Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas, their transference across frontier, their simuhaneous impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues; one presumes that only eccentrics have no interest in be
16、ing credited with a startling discovery, or a new technique. It must ’also have be6n reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the word were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confronted by inquisition, ridicul
17、e or neglect.In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane, making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately
18、feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge.Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention: there are far m
19、ore centres of learning, a far greater number of scholars and students.In addition one must recognize the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced study has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular
20、interests are precisely defined. These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.Frequently these specialisations lie in areas where very rapid developments are taking place, and also where the research needed for devel
21、opments is extremely costly and takes a long time. It is precisely in these areas that the advantages of collaboration and sharing of expertise appear most evident. Associated with this is the growth of specialist periodicals, which enable scholars to become aware of what is happening in different c
22、entres of research and to meet each other in conferences and symposia. From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalised schemes of cooperation, and provide them with their most satisfactory stimulus.But as the specialisations have increased in numb
23、er and narrowed in range, there has been an opposite movement towards interdisciplinary studies. These owe much to the belief that one cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world, and by recent advances in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single
24、 discipline. This trend has led to a great deal of academic contact between disciplines, and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of specialist knowledge, reflected in the broad subjects chosen in many international conferences.The writer claims that it is important for specialists to be able to tr
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