Unit3语法课件.ppt
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1、主语主语 不及物动词不及物动词She came/ My head aches.主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语She likes English.主语主语 系动词系动词 主语补语主语补语(表语)表语)She is happy主语主语 双宾动词双宾动词 间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.主语主语 宾补动词宾补动词 宾语宾语 宾语补语宾语补语She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked me to read the passage.There +beThere i
2、s a book on the desk.简单句基本句型实例简单句基本句型实例简单句的基本词序简单句的基本词序主语主语动词部分动词部分宾语宾语 状语状语(谓语)(谓语) 方式方式 地点地点 时间时间Iboughta hat yesterday.The children ran home.We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly.Point out the function of each noun in the following sentences: 1.The world loves nature. 2.Knowledge is
3、 power .3.We Chinese are peace-loving.subjectobjectpredicativesubjectsubjectsubjectappositionpredicative名词性从句名词性从句 名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语主语 His job is important.What he does is important.表语表语This is his job.This is what he does every day. 宾语宾语 I dont like his job.I dont like what he does eve
4、ry day.同位语同位语 I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.什么叫名词性从句? 名词性从句名词性从句 noun clause 主语从句主语从句subject clause 宾语从句宾语从句object clause 表语从句表语从句predicative clause 同位语从句同位语从句appositive clauseWhat are noun clauses?What are noun clauses? His story is interesting
5、. What he said is interesting. I heard his story. I heard what he said. I listen to his story. I listen to what he said. This is his story. This is what he said. The idea of going there is good. The idea that we go there is good.Subject clauseObject clauseObject clause after a prepositionPredictive
6、clauseAppositive clausePractice time:指出下列各名词性从句的种类指出下列各名词性从句的种类At lunchtime, the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.2. She wondered if the buses would still be running.3. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.4. She sensed t
7、hat she was being watched by a tall man ina dark coat.5. When we will start is not clear.6. I had no idea that you were her friend.Object clauseObject clausePredicative clauseObject clauseSubject clauseAppositive clause名词性从句中的名词性从句中的连接词连接词有有:连词连词: that / whether / as if(though);连接代词连接代词: what / who/
8、 which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever,连接副词连接副词: where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。 Object Clauses 宾语从句宾语从句如何区分宾语从句? They know the teacher. 主语 谓语 宾语 They know the teacher is a man . 主语 谓语 宾语从句 句子做宾语就是宾语从句。 I know him . 2. I know who he is . 主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语(简单句)(简单句)主语主语
9、谓语谓语宾宾 语语 从从 句句连词连词 从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主主 句句(复合句)(复合句)宾语从句的概念:宾语从句的概念:宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。句子结构:句子结构:主句主句 + +连词(引导词)连词(引导词)+ + 宾语从句宾语从句 2.宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况在以下三种情况下不能省略:下不能省略: (1)当)当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,第二个宾语时,第二个that不能省;不能省; (2)当)当that作介词宾语时,作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。不可省掉。
10、(3)用)用it做形式宾语的宾语从句做形式宾语的宾语从句 Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.if 和和whether 的选用的选用不能使用不能使用if 的情况:的情况:a. 介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句b. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用做动词宾语不能用if to do.c
11、 .whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不连在一起引导宾语从句时不用用if.d.引导引导discuss的宾语从句时,只能用的宾语从句时,只能用whether,不能用不能用ifif / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I dont know _ he is well or not.4. I dont know _ or not he is well.5.The doctors are discussing _ the old man will recover
12、soon.6. I dont know _ to go.if / whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherThe radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. I hear they _ (return) it already. He said that they _ members of th
13、e Party since 1948. (be) will be goes were playing have returned had been 6. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)7. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take)8. Ling Feng told me he _ to the Great Wall several times. (be) wrote has taken had been 否定的转移否定的转移:若主语谓语动词为若主语谓语动词为thin
14、k, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等等,其后的宾语从句若其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。从句谓语用肯定式。 I dont think this dress fits you well. (我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。) it常可以放在动词常可以放在动词think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作为形式宾语等后作为形式宾语:it不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为不仅可以
15、作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语形式宾语而真正的宾语-that从句则放从句则放在句尾在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 We heard it that she would get married next month.Translate these sentences into English using noun clauses.1.这是我们所想要的东西。这是我们所想要的东西。 This is what we want. 2. 我认为你是对的。我认为你是对的。 I think you are right. 3. 我想知道他是否能帮助我。我想知道他是
16、否能帮助我。 Id like to know whether he can help me or not.4. 天气不是昨天那样了。天气不是昨天那样了。 The weather is not what it was yesterday.5. 问题是我们怎么能完成任务。问题是我们怎么能完成任务。 The problem is how we can finish the task.Predicative Clauses 表语从句表语从句表语从句表语从句在句子中作表语,在系动词之后在句子中作表语,在系动词之后 The question is whether we can complete the d
17、ifficult task. The fact is that we will have two days off.常见的系动词分为三种:常见的系动词分为三种:A表示特征和状态:表示特征和状态: be, look, sound, taste, smell, seem,appear等等 B表示由一类状态转为另一类状态:表示由一类状态转为另一类状态: get, become, grow, turn, fall, go, come, run等等C表示某种状态的:表示某种状态的: remain, keep, prove, rest, continue, stay等等3.表语从句表语从句 表语从句就是从
18、句在主句中作表语从句就是从句在主句中作表语表语的名词性从的名词性从句,放在系动词之后句,放在系动词之后1.The trouble is (that )I have lost his address. 2.The question is whether they will be able to help us.3.That is what he has done.4.The problem remains how to get some financial support.表语从句:表语从句:注注 意:意: 在表语从句中,表在表语从句中,表“是否是否” 时,只能用时,只能用 “whether”不
19、能用不能用“If”。 一般情况下,一般情况下,“that”不能省。不能省。 It is /was because . It is /was why. 3. The reason (why/for)is /was that.4 The reason is because /whythat .名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句在这种句型中,常用表示事实,真理的名词,如:fact, truth 或表示看法,观点的名词,如:idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan等作主语。如:1.The fact is that our team has w
20、on the game.2.The truth is that she was the very person who informed against her husband.注意注意表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同从句相同. . 但但: 1. : 1. that引导表语从句时不能省引导表语从句时不能省. . 2. 2. if不能引导表语从句不能引导表语从句. . 1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is
21、 unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether3 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. what C. which D. where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when Subject Clauses 主语从句主语从句1. 主语从句:从句在句中充当主语成分主语从句:从句在句中充当主语成分1). That he will succeed is cer
22、tain .2) Whether he will go there is not known .3) What he said is not true .4) Where he hid the money is to be found out .5) Whoever comes is welcome.6) Its certain that he will succeed .7) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 8)When theyll start the project has not been deci
23、ded yet. 考点一考点一:主语从句后置主语从句后置! 为了避免主语冗长免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻句子头重脚轻,经常用经常用it作作形式主语形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. 例:That we shall be late is certain.- Its certain that we shall be late.1. That the earth is round is known to all.- 2. That you missed the chance is a pity.- 由连词由连词 whether 和和 if, 连接代词连接代词 what,
24、who,which 和连接副词和连接副词 when,where,why,how 等引导等引导.也也 常常后置常常后置:It is a pity that you missed the chance.Its known to all that the earth is round.It 的用法:的用法: (形式主语)(形式主语) It possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能很可能/重要的是重要的是/必要的是必要的是/很清楚很清楚 Its said/ reported that.据说据说/据报道据报道 Its been announced/declar
25、ed that.已经通知已经通知/宣宣布布 It seems/appears/happens. that显然、明显、显然、明显、 碰巧碰巧. Its no wonder that并不奇怪并不奇怪/无疑无疑 Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知)众所周知) / a common saying.(俗话说)俗话说) 考点二 注意:主语从句中 ,谓语动词一般用单数 What引导的主语从句,可根据表语决定 What he needs _is_ that book. What he needs _are_ some book. what引导名词性从句时在从
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