大学英语—剪枝阅读.pptx
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1、剪枝英语阅读法,什么是剪枝阅读法?,一眼看到句子“骨架”剪枝=去除细枝末节减掉句子“枝杈”,露出句子“骨架”。剪枝后,句子结构就能鲜明地呈现出来,英语中可修剪的“6种枝”,“介词+名词/代词”剪枝基本介词+名词需要注意的介词+名词介词+名词扩充介词+代词介词+动名词介词+名词性从句,2.“副词”剪枝以ly结尾的副词时间副词/需要注意的副词,英语中可修剪的“6种枝”,3.“动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词”剪枝名词后“动词不定式”名词后“现在分词”名词后“过去分词”,4.名词后“关系代/副词+主语+谓语”剪枝表示人的名词后“who/whose/whom/that”表示物的名词后“which/who
2、se(ofwhich)/that”名词后“关系副词where/when/why”,英语中可修剪的“6种枝”,5.“连词+主语+谓语”剪枝基本连词+主语+谓语需要注意的连词+主语+谓语,6.“逗号前后的四种形式”剪枝现在分词过去分词动词不定式(to+动词原形)主语、谓语,Day01基本介词+名词,在英语句子中表达什么时间、在哪里、如何等细节信息的时候,主要使用介词短语,即“介词+名词”的表达方式。在大多数情况下,通过主语+谓语来表达核心内容,次要内容用“介词+名词”形式表达。Englishisimportant(inlife),becausepeoplecangetahighersalary(w
3、ithEnglishskills).减掉“介词+名词”后,最终句子只剩下“英语很重要,因为人们能领到更高的薪水”,练习,Ienjoyshoppingwithmyfriendsatamallnearourneighborhood.ThenameofthebuildingonFifthAvenueisTrunmpTower.Heplacedthepaintingagainstawallofthegallery.Adepartmentstoreinourtownwillbetorndownbyworkersintwoweeks.Thereisabookcafwithacoolinterioronth
4、ecornerofthenextblock.,除了前面学过的基本介词外,还有特别需要注意的介词及介词短语。需要注意的介词有:like,unlike,despite;-ing形式的including,regarding;由两个或两个以上单词构成的becauseof,dueto,infrontof,inadditionto,accordingto,suchas,in/withregardto,regardlessof,inspiteof,asto,outof,alongwith;也有可作连词使用的介词as,since.(这些介词需要背下来)Peoplelovebrand-nameitems(suc
5、hasthose)(byGucciandNike)(becauseoftheirstylishdesign.)最终剩下“人们最喜爱品牌产品”,Day02需要注意的介词+名词,练习,UnliketheSouthKoreans,theJapanesestudentsinthisclassareshy.Regardlessoftheirage,manypeopledreamaboutromance.ThishotelroominLasVegascostsfourhundreddollars,includingtax.ParentsinSouthKoreaoftensendtheirchildrent
6、oothercountriestotakelanguagecoursesdespitethehighcosts.Smallinsectslikespidersaredangerous.,如同约会的时候用漂亮的衣服和各种配饰打扮自己一样,名词前也能用多种“小枝”来修饰。Isawamovie(withmyclosefriend).IchosethemovieNationalRepresentative(amongmanymovies)(includingHaeundae).Themoviewasmyfavorite(ofalltime).最终理解为“我看了电影。挑选了名叫国家代表的电影。这部电影是
7、我最喜欢的。”其中,withmyclosefriend,with后面没有直接接friend,而是在中间插入了“形容词性物主代词my+形容词close”,这种在名词前附加副词、形容词等的形式称为“名词扩充”名词扩充=冠词/形容词性物主代词+(副词)+(形容词)+名词,Day03介词+名词扩充,练习,Hollywoodcelebritiesliveinluxuriousmansions.Switzerlandissurroundedbymuchstrongercountries.Moviesconveymessagesinmanydifferentways.Beyoncewastheleadmem
8、berofaverypopularfemalegroup.Despitethehorriblyshockingnews,everyonedidtheirbest.,Day04介词+代词,介词之后可以接像me,you,him之类的宾格人称代词,也可以接mine,yours,his之类的名词性物主代词,还可以接anyone,everyone,another,others,eachother等其他代词。“介词+名词”剪枝和“介词+代词”剪枝一起进行的化,句子会变得更简单。(Afterourtrip)(toLondon)weknewourfeelings(abouteachother).Loveisd
9、ifficult(tome).最终核心内容变为“我们知道了我们的真实感受,爱情太难了。”,练习,KingKongmetagirlwithblondehair.Jeremyintroducedafriendofhistohisparents.Vanillamuffinsweredistributedforfreetopeopleintheparade.Thegirlwiththewhitehatisafriendofmine.Themenwithblacksunglassesknoweverythingaboutus.,Day05介词+动名词,动名词是指在动词后加上ing形式,具有名词词性的同时
10、也具有动词的性质,所以动名词可以直接加在介词后。要注意的是,并不是只给“介词+动名词”剪枝,而是连同接在动名词后的宾语和修饰词也一起减掉。Ihaddifficulty(inparking),butmyboyfriendhelpedme(bygivingmesomeadvice).核心内容:我有困难,但我男朋友帮助了我。,练习,Thedirectoriscommittedtomakinganawesomemovieonatightbudget.Mostpeopleareveryinterestedinmakinglotsofmoney.Thegirlwasinshockafterseeingas
11、caryghost.Thisjobisdifferentfromwritinganovel.Duringthebusridetothemall,hefocusedhisattentiononsolvingmathproblems.,Day06介词+名词性从句,“从句”是指有主语和谓语,但在复合句中不能独立成句。名词性从句可以理解为在句中起名词作用的句子。“介词+名词性从句”也是为了在句中表达细节信息而加上的附加要素。名词性从句大致结构如下:what/who/why+谓语What/when/where/who/why/how/if/whether+主语+谓语Itsnowonderthatyoud
12、ontunderstandher.Therearedifferences(inhowmenandwomentalk).核心内容:难怪你不能理解她。有差别。,练习,Touristsarecuriousaboutwhenthecastlewasbuilt.Singaporeisinterestedinhowitcanluremoretourists.IhaveaquestionaboutwhypeopleloveNikesneakers.HarryPotterwasworriedaboutwhetherhecouldwintheQuiddichgame.Thereisadifferenceinho
13、weachofthemfeels.,Day07以ly结尾的副词,副词中最典型的就是在形容词后面加ly的形式,例如real-really,slow-slowly,kind-kindly等。I(really)loveLeeHyoRi.Sheisthehottestwoman(amongallSouthKoreansingers).I(desperately)wanttoseeher(inconcert).核心内容:我喜欢李孝利。她是最性感的女人。我想见她。注意:表示“几乎不”意思的副词hardly,barely,scarcely,rarely不能剪枝,否则句子意思完全改变,练习,Thehouseo
14、nthehillisuniquelyshaped.MichaelPhelpsswimsreallyfast.Suddenlythemanstoodupinthemovietheater.Accidentally,shebecamedeeplyinvolvedinadangerousCIAmission.AntoniGaudicreatedmanyuniquearchitecturalworks,primarilyinSpain.,Day08时间副词/需要注意的副词,时间副词:yesterday,tomorrow,yet,already程度副词:very,much,quite,pretty,ev
15、er,so频率副词:sometimes,often,usually可作形容词的副词:hard,late,early,fastMybossis(pretty)picky.Everyone(inmyoffice)hateshim(verymuch).核心内容:我老板挑剔,所有人都讨厌他,练习,Isellmyoldstuffatafleamarketeveryweekend.Hecalledheronceyesterday.Themanwasstillfrozenwithfear.Thismathproblemisquitedifficultforme.Mymotheralwaysgetsupear
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