将来进行时与过去将来时-grammar1.doc
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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date将来进行时与过去将来时-grammar1将来进行时与过去将来时将来进行时与过去将来时(grammar 1)一、将来进行时1、概念将来进行时主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时间开始,并继续下去的动作。常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。2、将来进行时的形式将来进行时由“动词be的将来时+现在分词”构成,具体形式见下表:人称 单数复数第一人称I shall
2、/will be leaving.We shall/will be leaving.第二人称You will be leaving.You will be leaving.第三人称 He/She/It will be leaving.They will be leaving.3、常用时间状语: soon , tomorrow , this evening , on Sunday , by this time tomorrow ,in + 段时间 (e.g. two days ) , tomorrow evening 等 。4、将来进行时的用法将来进行时表示在将来某一时间内正在进行的动作。将来进
3、行时有很强的推测性,因此人们往往在以下几种场合中使用它:(1)表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作或状态,一般带状语。例如: What will you be doing at this time next Monday? 下周一的这个时候你将做什么了? When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report. 明天他来我家时,我将在写报告。(2)表示现在正在进行的动作,但这个动作会延续到将来。例如: I wonder if it will still be raining this afternoon.我想知道今
4、天下午是否还会一直下雨。 I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning.我想她会一直在做这个实验直到第二天早上。(3)表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测。例如: Tomorrow I will be flying to Bombay.明天我将飞往孟买。 After you take the medicine, you will be feeling much better.吃完药后,你会感觉好很多。(4)表示委婉、客气的语气。例如:When shall we be meeting again? 我们什
5、么时候能再见面?(5)表示原因。例如:Please come tomorrow afternoon . Tomorrow morning, Ill be having a meeting.明天下午快点来。明天早上我将有一个会议。(6)表示结果。例如:Stop the child or he will be falling over. 快阻止孩子,要不然他会摔跤的。(7)表示对将来的打算(区别于对将来的预测)例如:My duties will end in July, and Ill be returning to Beijing. 七月我将结束工作,返回北京。5、将来进行时与一般将来时的比较(
6、1) 一般将来时:表示从现在看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常表示一个将来的事实,意愿或者打算 ,意为“将要,将会” 。它的具体用法如下:1) we /I shall do ; sb. will do 表示将要发生某事(will 还可以表示主语的“意愿”;表示客观规律必然发生e.g I will 18 next year .)强调说话人说话时才想到的,不含有打算或计划的意义。2)“be going to+ 动词原形” 表示打算或者计划要做某事有某种迹象表明要发生某事eg . It is going to rain .3)“be + 动词不定式”表示安排、计划要做的事,还可以表示命令,相当于 s
7、hould /must 表示 “能” “该”“想要”“注定、不可避免”的含意。4)be about to+动词原形,表示即将要发生的动作, 不与表示时间的状语 at once , immediately 以及表示具体时间的词语连用。e.g. The bus is about to start.be about to do sth. when + 从句 :正要做某事,这时5) be doing (come,go,leave,arrive,start等动词可用于进行时替代将来时) be doing sth. when + 从句 :正要做某事,这时7) do/ does 通常使用于火车,巴士,飞机,
8、轮船,地铁等有固定时刻表的公共交通的表达结构中。e.g. The flight to ShangHai takes off at 8 oclock tomorrow .(2) 将来进行时 :表示从现在看来在将来某个时间点或时间段可能正在进行的动作或者可能发生的事情 ,可以是对未来某种情景的推理或预测 ,意为“可能正在 、可能会”二、过去将来时1、概念过去将来时的动词表示对过去某一时间来说将要发生的动作或呈现的状态。这个时态常用在宾语从句中。2、过去将来时用法(1)should/would+动词原形do例如:1) He said he would be there before Monday.
9、他说他星期一以前将在那里。 ( be 动词肯定式 )2) We hoped she should not go the next week. 我们希望下星期她不去。 ( do 动词的否定式 ) 注意:这个时态是一个相对的时态,立足于过去某时,从过去的观点看未来。在一定的语境中也可于其他从句或句子中。例如: 1) It was a problem whether he would support us. 他是否会支持我们还是一个问题。 2) It was seven oclock. The sun would soon set. 这时是七点钟,太阳即将落山。 (2)was/were going
10、+ to do :过去将来将要发生的动作;本打算做例如:1) They told me that they were going to have a picnic. 他们告诉我他们本打算要举行一次野餐。2) We were going to have a meeting. 我们曾经打算开个会。过去将来时的这种形式可以表示过去将要发生或很有可能发生的事,但未实现的动作。3) I was just going to ring him up when she came. 我刚要给他打电话,她就来了。 (电话没打成)有时也用 was/were + coming 表示过去将来时。例如:She didnt
11、 know when they were coming again. 她不知道他们什么时候会再来。(3)was/were about + to do 表示在过去看来正要做某事。例如:1) They were about to leave when the telephone rang. 他们正要走,电话铃响了。2) I was just about to go to bed when she came to see me. 我正要睡觉,她来看我了。 (4) was/were + to do 表示按过去的计划、安排将在某个过去将来时间发生的动作或者状态 。例如: He was to meet h
12、er at 10 on the street. 他约定和她10点钟在街上见面。 注意: was /were to have done 表示本打算/计划要做例如: They were to have left at 7 last night. 他们本来计划昨晚7点离开的。(5)表示过去习惯性的动作。此时,不管什么人称,一律用would,即would +do 过去常常做某事 例如:1) Whenever she had time,she would do some reading. 她一有时间,总是看书。 2) I would play with them when I was a child.
13、当我还是孩童时,总是和他们一起玩。(6)was/were doing (come,go,leave,arrive,start等动词可用于进行时替代将来时) was/were doing sth. when + 从句 :过去正要做某事,这时注意:条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时e.g. She said she would tell him all about it if she met him .将来进行时与过去进行时用法归纳如下表:将 来 进 行 时构成will /shall be现在分词基本用法1)表示将来某一时间正在进行或持续的动作。2)表示按计划或安排要发生的动
14、作。3)表示委婉语气,有时用将来进行时可使语气更委婉。注意事项1)为避免will给人误以为是表示“意愿”的情态动词,口语中表示单纯的将来时常用将来进行时。2) 条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用现在进行时代替将来进行时。过 去 将 来 时构成should/would+动词原形/was (were) going to/was (were) about+不定式/was (were)+不定式基本用法1)should/would do 表示从过去看某事将要发生。2)用was /were going to do表示过去某时计划或安排要做某事。3)用was /were about+不定式 表示在过去看来正要
15、做某事。4) was/were+不定式,表示过去计划安排将要发生的动作,语气较为正式。注意事项1)表示过去没有实现(或被取消)的计划,则用was (were) to have done 。2) 在条件和时间状语从句中,要表示过去将来须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。3)come,go,leave,arrive,start等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。三、同义句转换1. I was about to leave when Tom came in . I _ _ _ Tom came in .2. During the vacation he would visit me every week
16、. During the vacation he _ _ visit me every week .3. She didnt know when they were coming again. She didnt know when they _ _ again. 4. What are you going to do after graduating from the university ?What _you _ _after graduating from the university ?5. We had intended to finish this unit by the end
17、of last week . We_ _ _ _ this unit by the end of last week .6. She said she was going to go to ShangHai to buy the shoes she likes so much . She said she _ _ _ _ShangHai to buy the shoes she likes so much .7.Newspapers supply lots of information to us every day . Newspapers _ _ _lots of information
18、every day .8.Whatever you say ,I believe you . _ _ _ you say ,I believe you .9.Its cheaper if you book the tickets in advance . Its cheaper if you book the tickets _ _ _ .10.The bad weather kept us inside , ruining our holiday . The bad weather kept us inside , _ _our holiday .四、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. He _
19、 (lie) on one of the sunny beaches in Hawaii all day when he spends his holiday there. 2. Dont call me between 2:00 and 4:00 this afternoon. I _ (have) an test then.3. Nobody knew what _ (happen) to the Earth in a centurys time.4. Mr. Lee said he would give the CD to me as soon as he _ (return) from
20、 Canada.5. When we were young, father_ (take) us for a special treat on Mothers day.6. -Did you invite Sarah to your birthday party? -Sorry, I forget. I _ (call) her now.7. You have to put in more effort if you were _ (pass) the test. 8. I _ (tell) you about my plan, but you stopped me before I coul
21、d speak.9. Will you _(use)your computer this time tomorrow?10. I _ (close) the kitchen door when a little mouse popped its head out.五、完形填空A doctor was once teaching a class of medical students at a famous hospital in Edinburgh. A man, who was 1_, was brought in, and the doctor turned to 2_ of the st
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