化学专业英语有机化合物中英文命名二ppt课件.ppt
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_05.gif)
《化学专业英语有机化合物中英文命名二ppt课件.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《化学专业英语有机化合物中英文命名二ppt课件.ppt(89页珍藏版)》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、有机化合物的命名Nomenclature of Organic Compoundsn非官能团化合物 Nonfunctional Compounds1烃类-(烷烃 Alkane烯烃 Alkene炔烃Alkyne)2单环化合物(Monocyclic compounds) n3、官能团化合物 Functional compounds有机化合物的命名有机化合物的命名n系统命名IUPAC names (systematic names) n 俗名法trivial names (popular names)n国际理论和应用化学联合会 IUPAC: International Union of Pure a
2、nd Applied Chemistry官能团化合物n卤代烃-Alkyl halidesn醇- Alcoholsn硫醇-Thiolsn醇盐-The salts of alcohols (ROM)n硫醇盐-The salts of thiols (RSM)n醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2)官能团化合物n环氧化合物-Epoxidesn硫化物-Sulfides R1-S-R2)n胺-Aminesn醛-Aldehydesn酮-Ketonesn羧酸-Carboxylic acids官能团化合物n酰胺-Amidesn酯-Estern羧酸盐-The salts of acidsn酸酐-Carboxyli
3、c anhydridesn酰氯-Acyl halidesn腈-Nitriles官能团化合物n内酯和内酰胺-Lactones and lactamsn缩醛和缩酮-Acetals and ketalsn亚胺-Iminesn氢过氧化物-Hydroperoxidesn过氧化二乙醚-Ether peroxides (ROOR)n过氧酸-Acid peroxidesRCOOHO1、卤代烃-Alkyl halidesn命名规则halo + the name of alkane - halo+烷烃的名称The name of alkyl group + halide-烷基 + halide卤素halogen-
4、halo 卤化物-halide1、卤代烃-Alkyl halidesSymbolEnglish NamesFFluorineClChlorineBrBromineIIodine卤 族 元 素卤 族 元 素(卤素取代基)halo: fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo(卤化物) Halide: fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide取代基 substituentsSome Functional Groups Named as Prefixes StructureName-ORAlkoxy- *-NH2Amino-N=N-Azo-BrBromo-C
5、lChloro-FFluoro-HHydro-IIodo-NO2Nitro-NONitroso-* methoxy-, ethoxy-, etc., depending upon the R group1、卤代烃-Alkyl halidesnSystematic name: prefix “halo-: fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo-” + the name of alkane n系统命名法:卤素取代基( halo: fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo- )+烷烃名nTrivial name (C1-C4): the name of a
6、lkyl group + fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodiden俗名法:烷基取代基+ Halide( fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide)1、卤代烃-Alkyl halidesn异丙基氯化物n叔丁基氯化物C-C-C-ClC1-chloro-2-methylpropane isobutyl chlorideC-C-CCClC-C-CCl2-chloropropaneisopropyl chloride2-chloro-2-methylpropanetert-butyl chloride2-iodopropaneisopropy
7、l iodide2-bromoisohexane1、卤代烃-Alkyl halidesH3CCHCH3IBrCH3CH3-CH-CH2-CH-CH3Some special names for alkyl halides: CHX3 chloroform bromoform iodoform CH2Cl2 methylene chloride CCl4 carbon tetrachloride Cl3C-CCl3 perchloro ethane1、一些卤代烃的专用名称2、醇- AlcoholsnRule:The name of alcohol are given by replacing t
8、he final letter “e” of the name of alkane(Alkene,Alkyne) with the suffix “ol ”n规则:去掉烃名称Alkane,Alkene,Alkyne的最后一个字母e,加上后缀 “ol”2、醇- AlcoholsnSystematic name: Select the longest continuous chain to which the OH group is directly attached, and give the OH group the possible lower position number.C-C-COH
9、C-C-C-C-CCCOH2-propanol4,4-dimethyl-pentan-2-olC-C-COHC2-methylpropan-2-olCl-C-C-C-OH3-chloropropanol 2、醇- Alcohols Trivial name (C1-C4): the name of alkyl group + alcoholOH2-cyclopenten-1-olOHphenolC-C-COHisopropylalcoholtert-butylalcoholC-C-CCOH2、醇- Alcohols Alcohols containing more than one OH gr
10、oup Systematic name: suffix: -diol, -triol Trivial name: glycol(乙二醇), glycerol (丙三醇)CH2CH2OH OHethylene glycol1,2-ethanediolC C COHOHpropylene glycol1,2-propanediolHO-C-C-C-OHOH glycerol1,2,3-propanetriol2-propanol isopropanolH3CCHCH3OH2、醇- Alcohols5-methyl-3-propyl-2-hexanolH3CCHCH2CH3CHCHCH3C3H7OH
11、2、醇- AlcoholsHClClCH3HO3,4-dichloro-2-butanol2-cyclopentenolHOCH3OHOH2、醇- Alcohols2-methyl-1,4-cyclohexanediol3、硫醇-Thiols -SHnSystematic name: the name of alkane + thioln系统命名法:烷烃名称alkane加上后缀“thiol” H3CH2CCH2SHCH3SH1-propanethiol 0-mercaptotoluene mercapto 含巯基的,含硫氢基的3、硫醇-Thiols -SH C-C-C-C-SHCSHC-C-S
12、HC-C-C-C=CSCH3ethanethiol2-methylbutanethiol4-methylthio-1-pentene3-mercapto-1-cyclopentenesystematic names:3、硫醇-Thiols -SH Trivial name :the name of alkyl group + mercaptantrivial names:C-C-SHC-C-S-C-CC=C-C-S-C=CC-C-C-SHCethyl mercaptanisobutyl mercaptandiethyl sulfideallyl vinyl sulfide4、醇盐-The sa
13、lts of alcohols (ROM)nSystematic name: The name of cation + the name of R group + oxiden规则:阳离子名称+取代基R名称+oxide4、醇盐-The salts of alcohols (ROM)potassium isopentyl oxideH3CCHCH2H2CCH3OKO-NH4+ammonium cyclohexyl oxide5、硫醇盐The salts of thiols (RSM)nSystematic name: the name of cation + the name of thiol
14、+ ate Trivial name :the name of cation + the name of R group + sulfide n规则:系统命名法:阳离子名称+硫醇名称+ 后缀ate俗名法:阳离子名称+取代基R+sulfide5、硫醇盐The salts of thiols (RSM)lithium tert-butyl sulfidelithium tert-butanethiolatelithium 2-methylpropane-2-thiolateLiSCH3CH3CH36、醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2)nSystematic name: name the simp
15、le OR group as a substituent, the long chain as a parent bodyn规则:简单的烷氧基作为取代基,长碳链作为主链 CH3O- C-C-O- C-C-C-O- C-C-C-C-O- methoxy ethoxy propoxy butoxy C5H11O- C6H13O- suffix: -yloxy pentyloxy hexyloxy6、醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2)nSystematic nameC-C-C-C=COC4-methoxy-1-penteneC2H5-OCH3p-ethoxytoluene CH3CH2CH2OCH
16、3O1,2-dimethoxyethane4Hoo furan tetrahydrofuran 1,4-dioxane OO6、醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2)nTrivial name: list the names of both groups that attached to the oxygen in an alphabetic order + ethern俗名法:按照字母顺序列出和氧原子相连的两个烷基+ etherC-O-C=CC-C-O-C-Cmethyl vinyl etherdiethyl etherbenzyl isopropyl etherC6H5CH2O-C-CCse
17、c-butyl methyl ether仲丁基2-methoxybutaneC2H5OC2H5H3CCH2CHCH3O CH3H3C CH2O CHCH3CH3ethyl isopropyl ether6、醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2)(di)ethyl etherTrivial name:冠醚-crown ethers规则:碳原子个数+crown+氧原子个数8-crown-4 12-crown-6OOOOOOOOOO6、醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2)1-chloro-1,2-epoxypropaneCHCHOH3CClCH CHORR 7. 环氧化合物EpoxidesnSyste
18、matic name: epoxy + the name of alkanen规则: epoxy+烷烃名称 2-(methylthio)butaneH3CSCHH2CCH3CH38. 硫醚Sulfides R1-S-R2nthioethers sulfides (RSR, 硫醚)n-SR, alkylthio, 烷基硫基nSystematic name: name the simple SR group as a substituent, the long chain as a parent body. The name of small alkylthio + the name of alk
19、anen规则:简单的烷基硫基作为取代基,长碳链作为主链8. 硫醚Sulfides R1-S-R2nTrivival name: the name of R1 + the name of R2 + sulfide n规则:按照字母顺序列出和硫原子相连的两个烷基+ sulfide sec-butyl methyl sulfide仲丁基H3CSCHH2CCH3CH3p-(ethylthio)benzoicacid p-ethyl(thio)benzoic acidH3CH2CSCOOH8. 硫醚Sulfides R1-S-R2In order to avoid the confusion of SR
20、 and -SH groups in same cases, parenthesis must be correctly used.OHOHS8. 硫醚Sulfides R1-S-R2 C-C-C-C-SHCSHC-C-SHC-C-C-C=CSCH3ethanethiol2-methylbutanethiol4-methylthio-1-pentene3-mercapto-1-cyclopentenesystematic names:8. 硫醚Sulfides R1-S-R2trivial names:C-C-SHC-C-S-C-CC=C-C-S-C=CC-C-C-SHCethyl merca
21、ptanisobutyl mercaptandiethyl sulfideallyl vinyl sulfideRNH2 primary 伯胺 RRNH secondary 仲胺RRRN tertiary 叔胺 R2NR4R1R3X9. 胺Amines RNH2Quarternary ammonium季铵盐AmmoniaAmine9.胺Amines RNH2nSystematic name: list the names of small alkyl groups + the name of parent chain + amine. Replace the final letter “e”
22、in the name of alkane + aminen系统命名法:列出取代基+主链+aminenTrivial name: list the names of alkyl groups that are attached to the nitrogen in an alphabetic order + amine.n俗名法:按照字母顺序列出所有和N原子相连的取代基+ amine1) Simple amines9.胺Amines RNH2nSystematic name :Replace the final letter “e” in the name of alkane + amineN
23、-ethyl-3-methyl-2-pentanamine3 - e t h y l a m i n o - 2 -methylcyclohexanolN-ethyl-2-methyl-3-hydroxycyclohexanamineH3CH2CCHCHCH3CH3NHC2H5OHCH3NHC2H59.胺Amines RNH2NH2cyclopentylaminecyclopentanaminediisopropylamineN-isopropyl-2-propanamine(C-C)2CNH C-C-N-C-C-CCH3ethylmethylpropylamineN-ethyl-N-meth
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 化学 专业 英语 有机化合物 中英文 命名 ppt 课件
![提示](https://www.deliwenku.com/images/bang_tan.gif)
限制150内