2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考07形容词和副词讲解.doc
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1、2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考秘籍 形容词副词知 识 清 单知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!一、形容词用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词,叫形容词。形容词的作用,见下表:作 用例 句定 语You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.表 语Your coat is too small.宾语补足语The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.注意:有些形容词只能作表语,如:alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如:Dont wake the sleepi
2、ng baby up. He is asleep.The old man is alone.形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词,要放在这些词的后面。例如:Youd better tell us something interesting.The police found nothing strange in the room.多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是:1)冠词或人称代词 2)数词 3)性质 4)大小 5)形状6)表示老少,新旧 7)颜色 8)事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。例如:His grandpa still li
3、ves in this small short house.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates.那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。形容词名词化:有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词,表示一类人,谓语常用复数。这类词有:rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。例如:The young should take good care of the old. 年轻人应该好好照顾老人
4、。The rich never help the poor in this country.在这个国家,富人从来不帮助穷人。表示数量的词组。如:One day, a young man, twenty-five years old, came to visit the professor.有一天,一位25岁的年轻人来拜访这位教授。I live in a building about fifty meters high.我住在一做大约50米高的大楼里。形容词短语做定语时要后置。如:They are the students easy to teach.他们是很容易较的学生。We live in
5、a house much larger than yours.我们住的房子比你们的大得多。else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。如:Did you see anybody else?你看到别的人了吗?二、副词英语中副词的位置和汉语不尽相同,它的位置比较灵活。通常用作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等。下面来介绍一下副词的分类方法:多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。如:We are living happily.我们幸福的生活着。He runs slowly.他跑的很慢。时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末。如:They went to the park yesterday morning.
6、昨天上午他们去公园了。I heard him sing English songs over there.我听见他在那边唱英语歌曲。He drove the jeep carefully.他小心地开着吉普。注意: 有时表示时间的副词也可放在句首,起强调作用。如:Yesterday I got up late.昨天我起床很晚。频度副词一般放在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后,实义动词之前如:He is seldom ill. 他很少生病。 You must always remember this. 你一定要记住这一点。 I often write to my parents. 我经常写信给
7、父母。 Do you usually go to school on foot. 你经常走路去上学? He has never been to Beijing. 他从来没有去过北京。注意: 有时为了加强语气,频度副词也可放在句首。如:Sometimes she goes to school by bus and sometimes she goes to school by bike.有时她乘公共汽车上学,有时骑自行车去。程度副词修饰动词时,与频度副词相同,修饰形容词和副词时,放在它所修饰的词前面。如:Thats quite early.那很早。I nearly missed the bus.
8、我几乎错过了公交车。She did rather badly.她干得相当糟。否定副词一般放在动词之前、系动词be或助动词之后。如:She seldom goes out at night.她晚上很少出门。I am never late for school.我上学从不迟到。We had hardly got to the station when the train left.火车离开时,我们差不多/几乎到了车站。疑问副词放在特殊疑问句的句首。如:When can you come?你什么时候来?How many days are there in a month?一个月有多少天?What a
9、re you going to do when you grow up?张大以后,你打算干什么?Where were you born?你是在那里出生的?Why didnt he come?他为什么没有来?关系副词when, where, why 引导定语从句时,位于从句之前、所修饰的词之后。如:Tell me the reason why you did it.把你这样做的理由告诉我。Its the sort of day when youd like to stay in bed.这是个令人恋床不起的日子。I dont know the place where we will go.我不知
10、道我们将要去的地方。同时存在时间状语和地点状语时,时间状语一般放在后面。如:The meeting will be held in the classroom tomorrow.明天会议将在教室里举行。He watched TV in his room last night.他作晚在房间里看电视。They arrived in Beijing at 8 oclock last evening.他们昨天晚上8:00到达北京。注:有些词既可用做形容词也可副词。如:late, wide, well, fast, easy, early 等The road is so wide that 8 buse
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