毕业论文外文翻译-污水处理厂产生的污泥的热分析和红外光谱研究.docx
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1、Thermal analysis and FTIR studies of sewage sludge produced in treatment plants. The case of sludge in the city of Uberlndia-MG, BrazilJader de Oliveira Silva a,b , Guimes Rodrigues Filho a, , Carla da Silva Meireles a , Sabrina Dias Ribeiro a , Jlia Graciele Vieira a , Cleuzilene Vieira da Silva c
2、, Daniel Alves Cerqueira da Instituto de Qumica da Universidade Federal de Uberlndia, Av. Joo Naves de vila, 2121, CEP 38400-902, Cx. Postal 593, Uberlndia - Minas Gerais, Brazil b Departamento Municipal de gua e Esgoto de Uberlndia (DMAE), Brazilc Faculdade de Engenharia Qumica da Universidade Fede
3、ral de Uberlndia, Brazild Instituto de Cincias Ambientais e Desenvolvimento Sustentvel da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazila r t i c l ei n f oArticle history:Received 26 August 2011Received in revised form 4 November 2011 Accepted 8 November 2011Available online 19 November 2011Keywords:UASB sl
4、udgeCalorific powerThermal analysesPyrolysisOrganic materiala b s t r a c tThe operation of anaerobic reactors in Brazil creates a by-product, sewage sludge, for which adequate treatment is necessary to obtain a solid and stable material. The burning of sewage sludge may be an effective alternative
5、for its management, and looking to enhance its energy potential, an environmentally friendly method of disposal is necessary. As the quantity of sludge generated has increased over the past few years, the physical chemical characterization of this waste is the first stage for its utilization as raw
6、material. The material was characterized by thermal analyses (Thermogravimetry (TG)/Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Infrared Analysis (FTIR) in order to determine the main organic groups present in sludge. The calorific power of the anaerobically d
7、igested sludge of Uberlndia-MG, Brazil was measured, and an energy content equal to 16.2 MJ kg1 was found, which is within the range of values reported in the literature. 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.1.IntroductionDuring the last few years, a veritable revolution of technolo-gies and conce
8、pts has emerged concerning domestic wastewater treatment on the world stage 1. It is within this framework that the growth and development of sewage treatment technologies allowed the applicability of collective anaerobic systems, especially those involved in Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactors, known
9、 inter-nationally as UASB reactors Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactors 2, which utilization opened new paths in the area of sewage treatment in Brazil, as well as facilitated the expansion and enhancement of the applicability of this process 3.Because the sludge is a solid by-product with pollu
10、tant charac-teristics, as much at the pathogen level as in the unwanted nutrient content, its final destination is a necessary and complex opera-tion since it involves technical, economic, environmental and legal aspects which usually surpass those of Sewage Treatments Station (STS) 4.In Uberlndia,
11、a city in the southwest of Brazil, a system of UASB reactors has been adopted, followed by a physicalchemical post treatment, which involves stages of coagulation and flotation. InCorresponding author. Tel.: +55 34 3239 4174x201; fax: +55 34 3239 4208. E-mail addresses: guimesufu.br, guimes.rodrigue
12、sfilho (G.R. Filho).addition to the UASB sludge generated in the biological stage of treatment, chemical sludge is produced in the physicalchemical treatment system. In each case, it is necessary to discard sludge, i.e., remove it from the liquid phase.There are several studies involving sewage slud
13、ge, as for exam-ple: the production of bio-oil from sewage sludge, co-incineration with coal for thermal drying, kinetic modeling of sewage sludge, characterization of pyrolysis products and investigation of its pyrol-ysis mechanism 5, as well as the application of frying processes for energy recove
14、ry in the incineration of sewage sludge 6,7, and the utilization of sludge in the biosorption of heavy metals 8 and in agriculture 9.Thus, the object of this study was to thermally characterize the UASB sludge, using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetry (TG) and Differential The
15、rmal Analysis (DTA), therefore obtaining data regarding the sludge stability by means of the decomposition process, measuring the energetic content of the same sludge generated in the municipal treatment plant using bomb calorimetry, and providing its characterization by FTIR.2.Experimental procedur
16、esSamples of dehydrated sludge originating from the Uberabinha STS and disposed at the landfill in Uberlndia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, have been collected.0040-6031/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.tca.2011.11.010J. de Oliveira Silva et al. / Thermochimica Acta 5
17、28 (2012) 727573The domestic sewage treatment plant is composed of grating and grit chamber (preliminary treatment), upflow anaerobic reactors (UASB), a dissolved air flotation system (coagulationflotation), centrifuge and geotextile systems, both for dewatering sludge generated in the process, with
18、 an estimated monthly production of 264.23 tons of dehydrated sludge, which is consistent with that presented by Aisse et al. 10, which estimates an average production rate of sludge generated in a UASB reactor of 16 g STS hab1 d1 .The collected sample was obtained by dewatering sludge in a centrifu
19、ge system (UASB sludge), generating a matrix which was subjected to characterization by thermal analyses (TGA, DTA and DSC), in order to monitor the thermal phenomena of the material and determine its energy potential. This sludge has a solid con-tent of 20%, (13% volatile solids), determined using
20、a drying oven (Nova tica) model 400/4 ND, muffle furnace (Hydrosan) model HY-200F/DM and an analytical balance (GEHAKA) model AG 200, to carry out the procedures according to the 2540 G method, as described by APHA 11.Before thermal analyses and FTIR characterization, the sample was sterilized in an
21、 a Prismatec CS vertical autoclave at 121 C for 15 min.TG and DTA experiments were carried out using a Shimadzu DTG-60 H thermo analyzer from room temperature to 600 C with a heating rate of 10 C min1 , under a nitrogen flowing rate of 50 mL min1 . The sample masses ranged around 5.00 mg.The superio
22、r calorific value (SCV) of the sludge was determined in an IKA C 2000 digital bomb calorimeter, with an IKA KV 600 water refrigeration system. The bomb calorimeter was calibrated with benzoic acid (thermochemical standard) with an average mass of 1.0300 g. The solid sludge sample was compressed into
23、 a tablet, yielding an average mass of 1.0438 g. As for the standard, the sample to be analyzed was weighed using a Shimadzu AW 220 balance. A crucible containing the sample was placed in the calorimetric reac-tor, which worked in the isoperibolic mode at 25 C. The system was pressurized at 30 bar w
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