A Comparative Study of Chinese and English Body Languages英语专业毕业论文.docx
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1、自学考试毕业论文 英语 专业 论文题目: A Comparative Study of Chinese and English Body Languages 作 者: 准考证号: 指导教师: Contents1. Introduction .12. Pragmatic features of body language.22.1 Emblems . 22.2 Illustrators22.3 Regulators .22.4 Affect displays.32.5 Adaptors.33. Pragmatic functions of body language.33.1 Complemen
2、t.33.2 Substitution.33.3 Emotional expression.3 3.4 Accentuation.4 3.5 Symbolization.44. A comparative study of body language between Chinese and English-speaking countries.4 4.1 Contrastive study of gestures.4 4.1.1 The same gesture with different meanings in different cultures.5 4.1.2 Different ge
3、stures with same meaning 4.1.3 Gesture and meaning in one culture without equivalent in other cultures.5 4.2 Contrastive study of posture.6 4.3 Contrastive study of facial expression.74.4 Contrastive study of eye contact.85. Conclusion .9Bibliography .10 A Comparative Study of Chinese and English Bo
4、dy LanguagesAbstract: In human communication, people use body language to communicate. Body language plays an important role in complementing, accenting, symbolizing or substituting utterance meaning. Body language, like verbal language, is also a part of culture. But in different cultures body lang
5、uage means different things. Different people have different ways of making nonverbal communication. Understanding the different cultural implications of English and Chinese body language can promote peoples cross-cultural communication competence, reinforce the heart-to-heart understanding and in t
6、he end will benefit the communication between English and Chinese people. This paper mainly expounds the features and functions, presents the meanings of body language, researches body languages cultural differences between English and Chinese, especially those in gesture, posture, facial expression
7、, eye contact and physical distance, and discusses the importance of knowing cultural meanings. The research of English and Chinese body language in nonverbal communication is helpful for people to diminish or avoid misunderstandings caused by the cultural differences of body language.Key Words: bod
8、y language, English-speaking countries, China, contrast 摘 要 人们在进行交流的过程中,经常运用身势语。身势语对话语意义起着补充,强调,表情,象征或替代作用。身势语同语言一样,都是文化的一部分。在不同文化中,身势语的意义并不完全相同。各个民族有不同的非语言交际方式。了解英汉身势语的不同文化内涵,有助于英汉国家的人民之间更好地交流,提高跨文化交际能力,增进感情与心态的理解,做到“入乡随俗”,传情达意。本文重点论述了身势语的语用特征,功能,并从文化角度对身势语在不同的文化背景中的含义作了介绍,探讨了中国和英语国家在手势,姿态,面部表情,眼神与
9、体距等方面的文化差异,论述了了解文化含义在非语言交际中的重要性。对跨文化交际中的英汉体态语进行探讨,有助于人们减少或避免在跨文化交际中因体态语的文化差异而引起的误解。 关键词 身势语;英语国家;中国;对比 Introduction:Human communication consists of verbal communication and nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication plays a very important role in the whole communication. Some experts say more
10、than 60 percent of communication comes from nonverbal behaviors, such as facial expression, posture and so on. These nonverbal behaviors always have many meanings. One expert estimated that verbal communication occupied about 30 percent of the whole communication behaviors. “American linguist Samova
11、r affirms that in a face-to-face communication, only about 35 percent of messages are sent by verbal behaviors and others are sent by nonverbal behaviors.” 1 Verbal and nonverbal behaviors, which are both the important parts of human communication, can express feeling, interact ideas and send messag
12、es. They are the indispensable tools that can satisfy human communication.Body language is also called Kinesics, including eye contact, gestures, posture, facial expressions, and physical distance. As an important way of nonverbal communication, gestures are the silent and authentic language that ca
13、n express peoples inner emotions. They are a part of a national culture. In order to understand a culture well and make the communication more effective, it is necessary to discuss the pragmatic features and functions of body language.1. Pragmatic features of body language1.1 EmblemsEmblems substitu
14、te for words. “Emblems are gestures that have a specific meaning that is same for both the sender and the receiver of a particular nonverbal message.” For example, the nonverbal signs for “OK,” “Victory,” “come here,” “be quiet,” and “its cold.”1.2 IllustratorsIllustrators help to complement or depi
15、ct spoken words. “They make your communications more vivid and help to maintain your listeners attention. They also help to clarify and make more intense your verbal messages”. 1.3 RegulatorsRegulators are body movements that aid in the actual flow of conversation. They monitor, maintain and control
16、 the speaking of another individual. Regulators tell others when a persons conversational turns will be yielded or maintained. At the same time, they also allow people to deny or request a speaking turn within conversations.1.4 Affect displaysAffect displays are the movements of the face that convey
17、 emotional meaning. “Affect displays may be unintentional (as when they give you away) or intentional (as when you want to show anger, love or surprise).” 1.5 AdaptorsThree types of adaptors are based on the focus, direction, or target: self-adaptors, alter-directed adaptors, and object-adaptors.2.
18、Pragmatic functions of body languageBody language has its own unique pragmatic functions in human interaction. It falls into five types of functions: complement, substitution, emotional expression, accentuation and symbolization.2.1 Complement Body language can be used to complete, describe, or acce
19、nt verbal cues. Body language adds some information to the verbal message. For example, when talking about the big house one bought, he/she indicates how big it is with his/her hands.2.2 SubstitutionUsing body language in place of verbal messages is known as substitution. Body language can replace v
20、erbal behaviors to convey certain meaning. People often nod their head to express “yes” without saying the word.2.3 Emotional expressionThe most obvious function of body language is to express emotions. When people are communicating, they can express their feelings through various signs or behaviors
21、. When they are conversing, they will make various facial expressions and gestures without self-consciousness, which often leak their affects or thoughts. 2.4 Accentuation The accompanying body language very often can add force to the verbal messages. A forceful gesture, exaggerated facial expressio
22、ns all give “accent” to the intended messages. Body language also can be used alone to express certain meaning.2.5 SymbolizationSymbolizing gestures are usually common formalities. They are conventional ones. Since they are restrained by certain traditional culture and belong to some nation, they ca
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