高考英语阅读方法详解.docx
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1、英语阅读讲解一、 历年高考英语阅读材料类型及题型归纳1. 材料类型:记叙文、说明文及应用文各出现几篇材料类型出现频率记叙文26篇说明文56篇应用文13篇2.题型归纳及举例出现频率2016201520142013201220112010200920082007总计细节26191720222124252426224猜词414234333330主旨1057365633452推理54255107910764在做阅读是,首先要做到1.带着问题阅读短文即先快速浏览题干2.找出主题句、确定中心思想。记叙文:阅读时要注意时间、地点人物及发生的故事。说明文:把我所说明的事物的特指和本质。应用文:应用文范围较广,
2、但题目一般以细节题为主。(1)细节题细节题是阅读理解中最多的题型,也是相对简单的一部分。细节题只针对某个特定的细节,一般分为:直接理解题:在原文中可以直接找到答案词义转换题:正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的转换细节题常见提问方式有:1.Which of the following is true/NOT true in the passage?2.It was found in the research that_3.Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?4. According to the author, th
3、e jealousy emotion is_从中我们可以提炼出一些共性:which/what.of according to. we can find that.When/where/how/what/why.等形式的疑问句做题方法一定位词法:在文中寻找题干中出现的定位词。定位词一般有:表示人民、地名等的专有名词;表示年份、数字、百分数等的数次;题干中出现的大写的名词等。例如:1. According to the author, the jealousy emotion is_.2. What is the effect of the hole in the ozone layer on A
4、ntarctica?3. We can know that before 1995 Mary_二 排除法错误选项的特征:张冠李戴、断章取义、过度猜测、已然变未然/未然变已然、与原文完全无关等1.We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by_.A. making some soundsB. waving their leavesC. producing some chemicalsD. sending out electronic signals2.According to the writer, the mo
5、st amazing thing about the enose is that it can_.A. pick out ripe fruitsB. spot the insects quicklyC. distinguish different damages to the leavesD. recognize unhealthy tomato leaves练习You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed
6、below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams (1860-1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区) by creating shelters and promoting educa
7、tion and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson (1907-1964)If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of polluti
8、on and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day OConnor (1930-present)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senato
9、r(参议员)and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U. S. Supreme Court. OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks (1913-2005)On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her
10、simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.21. What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A. Her social work. B. Her teaching ski
11、lls.C. Her efforts to win a prize. D. Her community background.22. What was the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm?A. Her lack of proper training in law.B. Her little work experience in court.C. The discrimination against women. D. The poor financial conditions.23. Who made a great c
12、ontribution to the civil-rights movement in the US?A. Jane Addams. B. Rachel Carson.C. Sandra Day OConnor. D. Rosa Parks.24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A. They are highly educated.B. They are truly creative.C. They are pioneers. D. They are peace-lovers.(2)猜词题猜词义题型考查学生上下
13、文理解能力.猜词题中常见的类型有:代词、陌生词、数词生义等。题型容易辨析,常见提问方式有:(1)The underlined word “ ” in Paragraph 6 refers to _(2)What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream”in Paragraph 3 mean? (3)Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph1? (1) “.” as is used in the passage can best be def
14、ined as _.我们从中可以提炼出一些固定的标志词:underlined word,refers to,what does.mean,replace,be defined as等看到这些标志词,基本上可以判定这一题是属于猜词题。做题方法:一根据定义或解释、说明猜测生词的词义在be,be called,call等判断词出现的判断句中,或定语从句及标点符号,可以根据已知部分,猜测生词的含义。例如: The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.通过理解定语从句的意思,能猜出herdsman是“牧人”。二根据对比
15、关系猜测生词的词义在but,however,yet,otherwise,though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中,其前后的词有明显对比关系,根据已知的内容,通过这种对比关系,就很容易猜出生词的词义了。例如: Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. 和clean意思相对的便是“肮脏的”了,因此可猜出句中grubby的意思是“肮脏的”。三通过因果关系猜测词义because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词,so是连接表示结果的状语从句的连词,so.that与such
16、.that中的that是连接结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子中,通过因果关系,依据已知部分就能猜出生词的词义。例如:She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 根据because从句所讲的意思,我们就可推测trim就是“修剪”之意。四根据生活常识猜测词义运用逻辑推理能力,自身的生活经验及生活常识。再联系上下文能读懂的部分,可以正确猜出词义。例如:Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold. 根据句
17、子意思及生活经验,wither表示“枯萎”。五根据同等关系猜测词义同等关系,指的是一个词,一组词或短语在句中作同一成分,而且它们的词义都属于同一范畴。明显的标志是,这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词and或or来连接。例如: At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy. 从“年龄42岁”以及与prime具有同等关系的full of energy可以猜出prime的意思是“盛年时期”。六根据列举的事例猜测词义You can take any of the periodicals: “The World of English
18、”. “Foreign Language Teaching in Schools”, or “English Learning”. 从后面列举的例子中,可以猜出periodical是“期刊,杂志”的意思。七根据构词法知识猜测词义根据学过的构词法知识,知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义,就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。例如在2006年福建的高考题文章中有这样一句: The schools are reluctant to take off even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the da
19、y off.A.kindB.unwillingC. freeD.careless 【解题思路】通过破折号可知正确答案为B.练习1. 猜测下列划线句子的意思:(1) Peter loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.(2)Mother was tall and fat. The principal of the school was almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.(3)We must hang together,or we will be hanged separ
20、ately.(4)The wise never marry, and when they marry they become otherwise.2.选择正确的选项。(1)(江苏省2010高考二轮专题复习)Indeed,any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past. The underlined ph
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