修辞手法-委婉语14页word文档.doc
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1、如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流修辞手法-委婉语【精品文档】第 13 页6. 委婉语EUPHEMISM 1. 定义Euphemism: A figure of rhetoric by which an unpleasant or offensive thing is described or referred to by a milder term (CD); A polite, tactful, or less explicit term used to avoid the direct naming of an unpleasant, painful, or frightening
2、 reality (WED); A word or phrase used to avoid saying another word or phrase that is more forceful and honest but also more unpleasant or offensive (CIDE). 英语Euphemism (委婉)一词源于希腊语euphemismos,意即good speech (吉利话或好的说法)。作为一种修辞格,Euphemism (委婉)指的是以较文雅、悦耳或温婉的说法来代替粗野、刺耳或直露的说法。它能借助语音、语法、词汇及其他修辞手段,得体地表达生活中那些使
3、人尴尬、惹人不快、招人厌恶或令人恐惧的事物。其主要修辞作用是在语言表达上减少刺激性和敏感性,从而起到一种缓冲或美化作用。英语委婉语数量众多,其运用范围涉及到社会生活诸领域,大致可概括为以下四个方面。2表达方式1) 有关疾病、残疾、衰老、死亡的委婉语疾病soft in the head头软了( 实指疯mad ); the big C大写的C、long illness长期之病 ( 实指癌cancer ); Hansens disease汉森之病 ( 实指麻风病leprosy ); irregularity不规则 ( 实指便秘constipation ); heart attack心脏状况( 实指心
4、脏病heart attack disease ); problem skin皮肤有问题 ( 实指粉刺acne ); mental hospital / mental hospital精神病院 / 精神健康中心 ( 实指疯人院madhouse ); look off colour气色不好 ( 实指身体有病 ); social disease社会病 ( 实指艾滋病 )。残疾 在学校里,把disabled students (残废学生)婉称为special students (特殊学生);把the crippled婉称为the handicapped (走路不方便的人);把blind student
5、s (盲学生)婉称为visually retarded students (视力有毛病的学生);把deaf (聋)婉称为hard of hearing (听力有困难);把stupid students(愚蠢学生)婉称为slow learners (学得慢的学生)或under-achievers (智力不发达的学生);把He is dull (foolish)(迟钝)婉称为He is a bit slow for his age;把foreign students外国学生)称为international students,以避免把他们看成外人。衰老 getting on years年岁增长; a
6、dvanced in age高寿; elderly年岁大的; senior年事已高的; past ones prime过了鼎盛期; feeling ones age感觉到上了年纪; golden age金色岁月; sunset years日落之年。死亡 joint the silent majority加入沉默的大多数; pass away走了,离开了; go to heaven上天堂了; fall asleep睡着了; pass beyond过去了; fade凋谢了; be called to God被上帝召唤去了; safe in the arms of Jesus在耶稣怀里得到平安; b
7、e gone to a better 1and到一个更好的地方去了; pop off (the hooks)突然蹬了腿(猝死,pop突然砰一声); get off the hooks (原文为脱钩,转义为死)脱离了; go to his long home回到永久的家; kick the bucket翘辫子; go to sleep forever长眠; be no more不再有了; go west西去; be at rest安息; go the way of all flesh走众生之路; join ones ancestors加入祖先的行列; return to dust归之尘土; br
8、eathe ones last作最后一次呼吸; run one s race跑完自己的赛程; be no longer with us与我们永别了等等。2)有关人体、排泄、性爱、生育的委婉语 人体 homely不好看、plain平常婉指ugly丑;heavyset富态、weight watcher胖人、caro1ie count-down减肥、chubby胖平平的、plumy丰满的、stout壮实的婉指fat胖;slender苗条、slim苗条、willowy苗条、svelte亭亭玉立、lean精干、lithe灵活婉指skinny瘦;in a state of nature 处于天然状态、in
9、 ones birthday suit 身着生日服装表示“赤身裸体”;globes球体、apples苹果、curves曲线、charms迷人之处婉指“女性乳房”;展示“阴部”、“生殖器”除用private parts私处外,还有以下说法:affair事情、it它、thing东西、place地方、what-do-you-call-it那玩意儿。 排泄 大便(defecate)和小便(urinate)可用以下委婉语取而代之: go to stool去大便; pass water小便; go to the bathroom去盥洗室; answer natures call响应自然的召唤; make
10、water小便; empty ones bladder小便; Where is the restroom?休息室(附设盥洗间)在哪里?; go to WC去盥洗间; go to public lavatory去公共盥洗室; go to mens(womens)去男(盥洗间)女(盥洗间); go to washroom去洗手间; I have to pay a call.我必须付款应召; I would like to be excused.我请求原谅; go to the bank去银行; spend a penny去花点小钱; I have to retire for a moment.我得
11、离开一会儿; I want to wash my hands.我要去洗洗手; see Johnny去看约翰尼; consult Mr. Jones咨询琼斯先生; power ones nose擤鼻子; want to make one self comfortable想去使自己舒服点。 menstruation月经 My friend has come。我的朋友来了。 Im a woman for a week.当了一周的女人。 Im having my friend with me.我的朋友跟着我呢。 fart放屁 pass air (排气); 1et a breezer (刮一阵微风);
12、make a noise等。性爱 go all the way (走完全程), have relations with (与人有关系), go to bed with (与之共寝), make love (做爱), do it (干那种事)等用于指“性交”;live together (住在一起)和married but not churched (结婚了但未去教堂举行仪式)表示“同居”,walk out (出去溜达)指“谈恋爱”;sleep around (到处睡觉)指“乱搞男女关系”。生育 把She is pregnant或she is with child (她怀孕了)婉称为: She
13、has cancelled a11 her social engagement; She is in an interesting condition: She is in a delicate condition; She is knitting bootees ; She is in the family way; She is expecting; she is eating for two; she swallows a watermelon seed; she learns all about diaper folding; she is rehearsing lullabies;
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