ChineseOpera中国戏曲简介.ppt
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1、CONTENTS1. Brief Introduction2. Chinese Opera Masks3. Chinese Opera Roles4. Chinese Opera AppreciationIntroduction Chinese opera is a popular form of drama and musical theatre in China with roots going back to the early periods in China. It is a composite performance art that is an amalgamation of v
2、arious art forms that existed in ancient China, and evolved gradually over more than a thousand years, reaching its mature form in the 13th century during the Song Dynasty. Early forms of Chinese drama are simple, but over time they incorporated various art forms, such as music, song and dance, mart
3、ial arts, acrobatics, as well as literary art forms to become Chinese opera. There are numerous regional branches of Chinese opera, of which the Beijing opera (Jingju) is one of the most notable.Farewell My Concubine, one piece of classical Peking opera. The woman, Consort Yu, deeply loved the King
4、Xiang Yu (middle of the stage), and when he failed in a war, she committed suicide for him.NorthernBeijing opera (京剧京剧)Yuju opera (豫剧豫剧)Errenzhuan/Bangzixi/Benbeng opera (二人转二人转) (Northeast China)Hebei bangzi (河北梆子河北梆子) (Hebei)Jiju (吉剧吉剧) (Jilin)Lju (吕剧吕剧) (Shandong)Pingju (评剧评剧) (Hebei)Puju (蒲剧蒲剧)
5、(Shanxi)Qinqiang/Qin dynasty opera (秦腔秦腔) (Shaanxi)Zaju (雜劇雜劇)Jinju (晋剧晋剧) (Shanxi)SouthernCantonese opera (Guangdong)Gaojia opera (Quanzhou)Huaguxi (Hubei/Hunan)Huju (Shanghai)KunquLiyuan operaTeochew operaMin opera (Fuzhou)Nanxi (Wenzhou)Ouju (Wenzhou)Shaoxing opera/Yueju (Zhejiang)Taiwanese opera
6、Wuju (Jinhua)VarietiesThe Meaning of Colors in Beijing Opera MasksRed ColorRed indicates devotion, courage bravery, uprightness and loyalty. A typical red full face is Guan Yu, general of the period of the Three Kingdoms (220-280), famed for his faithfulness to his Emperor, Liu Bei.Black ColorBlack
7、symbolizes roughness and fierceness. The black face indicates either a rough and bold character or an impartial and selfless personality. Typical of the former are General Zhang Fei with a black cross butterfly face (of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms) and Li Kui (of Water Margin), and of the latt
8、er is Bao Gong (alias Bao Zheng), the semi-legendary fearless and impartial judge of the Song Dynasty.Yellow ColorYellow signifies fierceness, ambition and cool-headedness. Shown is Tuxing Sun with a yellow symbolic face, a dwarf general with special powers in the opera Three Mountain Pass.Purple Co
9、lorPurple stands for uprightness, sophistication and cool-headedness). The reddish purple face likewise shows a just and noble character, for instance, Hou Yi with a purple three-tile face was a grain officer versed in black magic in the opera Green Dragon Pass.Blue ColorBlue represents staunchness,
10、 fierceness and astuteness. Shown is Xiahou Dun with a blue pointed three-tile face, Cao Caos most trusted general in the opera Bowang Slope.White ColorWhite suggests sinisterness, treacherousness, suspiciousness and craftiness. Commonly seen on the stage is the white face for the powerful villain.
11、It highlights all that is bad in human nature: cunning, craftiness, and treachery. The typical character is Cao Cao, powerful and cruel prime minister. Cao Cao with a watery white face is the leading character in the opera Meeting of the Elite.”Green ColorA green face tells the audience that the cha
12、racter is impulsive and violent and depicts surly stubbornness, impetuosity and a total lack of self-restraint. Zheng Wun with a green pointed three-tile face plays a general in the opera Green Dragon Ps.Petty Painted FaceFor the clowns of traditional drama, there is a special makeup called xiaohual
13、ian (the petty painted face), i.e., a small patch of chalk on and around the nose to show a mean and secretive character, such as Jiang Gan of the Three Kingdoms who fawned upon Cao Cao. It is also occasionally painted on a young page or an ordinary workingman, often to enhance his wit, humor or jes
14、ting and to enliven up the performance.Gold and Silver Colors Gold and silver colors are usually used for gods and spirits. The main color in a facial makeup symbolizes the disposition of the character. Pink ColorOld, highly respected, loyal and brave veteran. Grey ColorA fierce and powerful person.
15、 Chinese Opera RolesSheng Dan Jing ChouThe laosheng is a dignified older role. These characters have a gentle and cultivated disposition and wear sensible costumes. One type of laosheng role is the hongsheng, a red-faced older male. The only two hongsheng roles are Guan Gong, the Chinese god of swor
16、n brotherhood, loyalty and righteousness, and Zhao Kuang-yin, the first Song Dynasty emperor. Young male characters are known as xiaosheng. These characters sing in a high, shrill voice with occasional breaks to represent the voice changing period of adolescence. On-stage, xiaosheng actors are often
17、 involved with beautiful women by virtue of the handsome and young image they project.The wusheng is a martial character for roles involving combat. They are highly trained in acrobatics, and have a natural voice when singing.Guimen Dan (闺门旦闺门旦) is the role of the virtuous lady. It is also known as
18、Qingyi (青衣)青衣)or Zhengdan (正旦正旦). Qing Yi are normally mature and sometimes married women. They may be rich or poor, young or of middle age, but they have to be mature women to fall under this category.The most famous qingyi of the last century was Mei Lanfang. Examples of Guimen Dan are Du Liniang
19、(杜丽娘杜丽娘) from The Peony Pavilion (牡丹亭牡丹亭) and Wang Baochuan (王宝钏)王宝钏)from Wujiapo (武家坡(武家坡).Hua Dan (花旦花旦) are lively, vivacious young female characters (hua means flower). They normally wear short blouses with pants or skirts. Often, a Guimen Dan is accompanied by a Hua Dan maid. Hong Niang (红娘红娘)
20、of the Romance of the West Chamber (西厢记西厢记) and Yan Xijiao (阎惜姣阎惜姣) of Wulongyuan (乌龙院乌龙院) have involved the role of Hua Dan.Daoma Dan (刀马旦刀马旦) are young female warriors. The name Daoma Dan, meaning sword and horse dan, indicates the style of performance which usually involves horse riding with a sp
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