2000年考研英语真题含答案解析.docx
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1、2000年全国硕士探讨生入学统一考试英语试题Part Close TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)If a farmer wishe
2、s to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain 1 consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family 2 he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowin
3、g, as an insurance 3 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 4 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 5 the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation 6 and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available
4、, a farmer cannot be 7 . He must either sell some of his property or 8 extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10 obtainable. 139 words1.A other than B as well as C instead of D more than2.A only ifB much asC long
5、 beforeD ever since3.A forB againstC of D towards4.A replaceB purchaseC supplementD dispose5.A enhanceB mixC feed D raise6.A vesselsB routesC paths D channels7.A self-confident B self-sufficientC self-satisfied Dself-restrained8.A searchB saveC offer D seek 9.A proportionB percentageC rate D ratio10
6、.A genuinelyB obviouslyC presumablyD frequentlyPart Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your
7、 answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period
8、after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the worlds best; its workers the most skilled. (11)America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and As
9、ians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness
10、. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Koreas LG Electronics in July.) (12)Foreign-made cars and textil
11、es were sweeping into the domestic market. Americas machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of co
12、nfidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of Americas industrial decline. Their s
13、ometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. (14)Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a deva
14、lued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,” according to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of Harvards Kennedy School of Government. “It makes me proud
15、to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management
16、in the United States.”429 words11. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because.Ait had made painstaking efforts towards this goal Bits domestic market was eight times larger than beforeCthe war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitorsDthe unparalleled size of its w
17、orkforce had given an impetus to its economy12. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American.ATV industry had withdrawn to its domestic marketBsemiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprisesCmachine-tool industry had co
18、llapsed after suicidal actionsDauto industry had lost part of its domestic market13. What can be inferred from the passageAIt is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.BIntense competition may contribute to economic progress.C The revival of the economy depends on international coo
19、perateDA long history of success may pave the way for further development.14. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the.Aturning of the business cycleB restructuring of industryC improved business managementD success in educationPassage 2(15)Be
20、ing a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive alm
21、ost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving de
22、pended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few peo
23、ple are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. (16)Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natu
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