句子成分句子结构(5页).doc
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1、-句子成分句子结构-第 5 页 高中英语语法专项复习学案句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句一、 英语句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主语和谓语;表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。一、主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east. (名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a b
2、ook. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)二、谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。We study English.He is asleep.三、表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teacher. (名词)Seventy-four! You dont look it. (代词)Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep. (形容词)His
3、 father is in. (副词)The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. ” (不定式)The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)常见的系动词有:一 be动词类: am、 is 、are 、was 、were二 表示变化类:become、 get 、 turn 、 grow 、go 三 感官动词类: 眼(look )
4、耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)手(touch)身(feel)四 表示延续性的动词 :remain 、stay 、keep It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.四、宾语:1)动作的承受者动宾I like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词)How many
5、 do you need? We need two. (数词)We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you. (动名词)I hope to see you again. (不定式)Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词介宾Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there are many rocks.3) 双宾语间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)He gave me a book yesterday.Give
6、 the poor man some money.五、宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。We elected him monitor. (名词)We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. (名)We will make them happy. (形容词)We found nobody in. (副词)Please make yourself at home. (介词短语)Dont let him do that. (省to不定式)His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
7、 (带to不定式)Dont keep the lights burning. (现在分词)Ill have my bike repaired. (过去分词)主补:对主语的补充。He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 六、定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词)He is our friend. (代词)We belong to the th
8、ird world. (数词)He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Cla2. (现在分词)The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)I have an idea to do it well. (不定式)You sh
9、ould do everything that I do. (定语从句)七、状语:用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.He studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.
10、I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well.八、同位语:一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批学生) We a
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