中国石化专业技术人员英语学习参考用书正式版培训资料.doc
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1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精,善益求善。中国石化专业技术人员英语学习参考用书正式版-第一部分通用英语PartOneEnglishforGeneralPurposesUNIT1HowtobeHappy如何获得幸福TextReadthetext.AnswerthegivenquestionsandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesorparagraphsintoChinese.Inthepasttwoweekswehavelookedatthehappinessformuladefinedbypositivepsych
2、ologistMartinSeligman,whereH(happiness)=S(yourbiologicalsetpointforfeelinghappy)+C(theconditionsofyourlife)+V(thevoluntarychoicesyoumake).Thisweekwelookattheconditionsinlifethatcanimproveourhappinessquotient.Step1:PeaceandquietJonathonHaidtinhisexcellentbook,TheHappinessHypothesis,notesthatresearchs
3、howsthatwecannevercompletelyadapttoneworchronicnoisepollution.Loudnoisestriggeroneofourmostprimitivefearresponses(theotheristhefearoffalling)andwecanneverfullyrelaxifwearesurroundedbyintrusivenoise.Itisessentialtohavesomepeaceandquieteveryday.Ifyouareunfortunateenoughtolivesomewherenoisy,persistwith
4、complainingtoyourlocalcouncil.Additionally,trywearingwaxearplugstohavesomerespite.IfyouneedyourTV,radioormusicuploud,wearingheadphonesdemonstratesaltruismtoyourneighbours,whichwillmakeyouandthemfeelgood.Step2:RelationshipsThisisthemostimportantofalltheexternalconditionsthatcanimproveyourhappinessquo
5、tient.Oftenourdeepestsourcesofunhappinessarefoundinpoorrelationshipswithothers.Acruellyconflictualrelationshipwithapartnerorloverleavesusfeelingbetrayedandabandoned.Arelationshipwithourparentsorchildrenwhichisnotbasedoncompassionate,unconditionalregardcreatesisolationandmisery.Whenfacedwithsuchrelat
6、ionships,themostpositivethingwecandoistoeithermendtherelationshipbyconfrontingwhatisgoingwrongorlearntomoveon.Step3:ShareIfyouhavediscoveredconditionsorchoicesinlifethathavesignificantlyimprovedyourwellbeing,remembertosharethemwithfriends.Passingonwhatworksisessentialtoimprovethewellbeingofourownand
7、others.1.Whatsthehappinessformulaaccordingtothepassage?2.Whycanwenevercompletelyadapttoneworchronicnoisepollution?3.Howcouldwemakebothourselvesandtheneighborsfeelgood?4.Wheredoestheunhappinesscomefrom?5.Whatisthepositivewaytofacewiththecruellyconflictualrelationship?ExercisesA.Translatethefollowings
8、entencesintoEnglish.1吵闹的邻居的确对我们家庭不和(domesticupset)有很大影响。2在职场上,如果一个同事对我们表示威吓的话,会造成难以言表的抑郁情绪(unwretchedness)。3我们不可能适应这种敌对关系,这种不良的人际关系会损害身心健康。4如果这种坏情绪长时间留在人们的心里,会让人陷入无法解决的恶性心理困境。5我们不应当回避这些问题,而是要正确面对它们。B.ReadthetextandtranslateitintoChinese.Therearemanybenefitstobeinghappy.Happierpeopletendtobehealthier
9、,livelongerandeammore.Theyalsotendtovolunteermore,bebetteratrelationshipsandsmilemoreofwhatpsychologistscall“Duchenneorgenuinesmiles.Whatislesswellunderstoodiswhyhappinessiscontagious.AccordingtoJamesFowlerandNicholasChristakis,authorsoftheinternationalbestsellerConnected,peoplesurroundedbymanyhappy
10、friends,familymembersandneighbourswhoarecentraltotheirsocialnetworkbecomesignificantlyhappierinthefuture.Morespecificallyitheysaywewillbecome25percenthappierwithourlifeifafriendwholiveswithinamileofusbecomessignificantlyhappierwithhisorherlife.Similareffectsareseeninco-residentspouses(8percenthappie
11、r);siblingswholivewithinamileofeachother(14percent);andnext-doorneighbours(34percent).Whatthisimpliesisthatthemagnitudeofhappinessspreadseemstodependmoreonfrequentsocialcontact(duetophysicalproximity)thanondeepsocialconnections.Alas,forsomereasonthisdoesnttranslatetotheworkplace.So,whyishappinesscon
12、tagious?Onereasonmaybethathappypeoplesharetheirgoodfortunewiththeirfriendsandfamily(forexample,bybeingpragmaticallyhelpfulorfinanciallygenerous).Anotherreasoncouldbethathappypeopletendtochangetheirbehaviourforthebetterbybeingnicerorlesshostiletothoseclosetothem.Oritcouldjustbethatpositiveemotionsare
13、highlycontagious.【课文参考译文】过去两周我们研究了一项幸福公式,这是由乐观心理学家马丁塞利格曼定义的。在这个公式中,H(幸福)=S(个人生理幸福感受的固定指数)+C(个人生活状态)+V(个人主观选择)。本周我们将着眼于能提升幸福指数的生活状态。第一步:平和宁静乔纳森海迪在他的优秀著作幸福假说当中提到,研究调查显示,我们不可能完全适应噪音污染,无论是新近的还是长期的。巨大噪声会引发我们面对恐惧的某种本能反应(另一种是对于坠落的恐惧),如果周遭噪音喧闹,我们不可能完全放松。每日保持平和与宁静事关重要。如果你不幸生活在比较嘈杂的环境中,请一定要坚持去居委会投诉。另外,尝试使用耳塞,
14、可能会缓解噪声。如果你需要用大音量看电视、听收音机或放音乐的话,记得戴上耳机,别影响邻里,这样可以使双方都感到舒适。第二步:人际关系这是增加幸福指数的一条至关重要的外部条件。我们感到不快乐的最深层原因,往往就是人际关系欠佳。与搭档或者爱人的关系陷入激烈的冲突中,会让我们产生遭到背叛和遗弃的感觉。父母和孩子之间如果缺乏同情心和无私关怀,会产生隔阂与痛苦。当我们面临这类问题时,最好的办法就是直面难题,修复关系,或者学着继续前行。第三步:分享如果你发觉生活状态或者做的某项决定对幸福生活有重大帮助的话,记得与你的朋友们分享。将有用的发现与更多人分享,这对增进自己的幸福和他人的幸福都有积极作用。【参考答
15、案】阅读理解1.TheformulareferstoH(happiness)=S(yourbiologicalsetpointforfeelinghappy)+C(theconditionsofyourlife)+V(thevoluntarychoicesyoumake).2.Loudnoisestriggeroneofourmostprimitivefearresponsesandwecanneverfullyrelaxifwearesurroundedbyintrusivenoise.3.IfweneedourTV,radioormusicuploud,wearingheadphonesd
16、emonstratesourkindnessandconsiderationtoourneighbors.4.Ourunhappinessoftencomesfrompoorrelationshipswithothers.5.Whatyoucandoistoeithermendtherelationshipbyconfrontingwhatisgoingwrongorlearntomoveon.【练习参考答案】A汉译英1.Noisyneighborsareoneofthemajorcausesofdomesticupset.2.Acolleagueatworkwhobulliesordismi
17、ssesuscreatesuntoldwretchedness.3.Wecanneverfullyadapttohostilerelationships,whichinevitablydamageourwellbeing.4.Ifthisbadmoodstaysinsideourmind,itwillleadustoanunresolveddestructivedepression.5.Weshouldnotavoidtheseproblemsbutfacetheminstead.B英译汉幸福有许多好处。越幸福的人往往越健康、越长寿、挣的钱越多。他们通常也会从事更多的志愿工作、更善于处理人际关
18、系、发出更多心理学家所说的“杜兴微笑”,即真诚的微笑。我们了解不深的是,为什么幸福可以传染。全球畅销书关联的作者詹姆斯福勒和尼古拉斯克里斯塔基斯发现,如果你身边那些重要的人际网络中有许多幸福的朋友、家人与邻居,那么你将也会很幸福。他们表示,更准确地说,如果居住在离你1英里内的一个朋友生活幸福感得到显著提升,你的生活幸福感就会增加25%。具有同样效果的还有同居配偶(幸福感提升8%)、居住在1英里之内的兄弟姐妹(14%)和邻居(34%)。这意味着,幸福传播的强度似乎更取决于交往的频繁度(与地域邻近相关),1而不是社会关系的深度。可惜由于某种原因,这并不适用于工作场合。那么,为什么幸福能够传染?一个
19、原因或许是,幸福的人会与亲朋好友分享好运气(例如,提供实际的帮助,或在经济上慷慨解囊)。另一个原因可能是,幸福的人往往会改善自己的行为,会对周围的人更加友好,或减少敌意。又或许只是因为正面情绪具有高度传染性。UNIT2CityDesign城市设计TextReadthetext.AnswerthegivenquestionsandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesorparagraphsintoChinese.WhenImbeingdriventhroughacityfromourhoteltoaconferencecenter,Icouldnthelpbutnote
20、theoverwhelmingpresenceofcarsandparkinglots.Theworldscitiesareintrouble.Inhundredsofcities,thelifeofdailylifeisdeteriorating.Breathingtheairinsomecitiesisequivalenttosmokingtwopacksofcigarettesperday.Thenumberofhourscommutersspendgoingnowheresittingintraffic-congestedstreetsandhighwaysclimbshigherea
21、chyear,raisingfrustrationlevels.Inresponsetotheseconditions,weareseeingtheemergencyofanewurbanism.Injustafewyears,manycitiesbannedtheparkingofcarsonsidewalks,createdorrenovatedmoreparks,introducedahighlysuccessfulbus-baserapidtransitsystem,builthundredsofkilometersofbicyclepathsandpedestrianstreets,
22、reducedrushhourtraffic,plantedmoretreesandinvolvedlocalcitizensdirectlyintheimprovementoftheirneighborhoods.Thequalityofurbanlifeinthesecitieshasbeengreatlyenhancedwiththevisionofacitydesignedforpeople.Nowgovernmentplannerseverywhereareexperimenting,seekingwaystodesigncitiesforpeoplenotcars.Carsprom
23、isemobility.Butinanurbanizingworldthereisaninherentconflictbetweentheautomobileandthecity.Afterapoint,astheirnumbersmultiply,automobilesprovidenotmobilitybutimmobility.Basedonthisperspective,somecitiesinindustrialanddevelopingcountriesalikewilldramaticallyincreaseurbanmobilitybymovingawayfromthecar.
24、Letmeremindyouoncemore,citiesarebuiltforpeople,notforcars.Acityfullofcarsislikewhatthehorrifyingsci-fidepicted-allmechanismandnohuman.Inordertoavoidthisdisaster,wedbetterstartdesigningsustainablecities.1.Whatmeansoftransportationdoestheauthortaketotheconferencecenter?2.Accordingtothefirstparagraphwh
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