英语单词词性和判断技巧(共10页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语单词词性词性尾缀其实很多,大家主要记住最常用的1. 名词后缀1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor2)-acy, 表示性质,状态,境遇 democracy, accuracy, diplomacy3)-ance, -ence表示性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience4)-ancy, -ency, 表示性质,状态,行为,过程 frequency, urgency, efficiency,5)-bility, 表示动作,性
2、质,状态 possibility, flexibility, feasibility,6)-dom, 表示等级,领域,状态 freedom, kingdom, wisdom7)-hood, 表示资格,身份, 年纪,状态 childhood, manhood, falsehood8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示行为的过程,结果,状况 action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction9)-ism, 表示制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为 socialism, criticis
3、m, colloquialism, heroism10)-ity, 表示性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity11)-ment, 表示行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument12)-ness, 表示性质,状态,程度 goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness13)-ship, 表示情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship14)-th, 表示动作,性
4、质,过程,状态 depth, wealth, truth, length, growth15)-tude, 表示性质,状态,程度 latitude, altitude(海拔)16)-ure, 表示行为,结果 exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续),17-grapy, 表示学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography18)-ic, ics, 表示学法 logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics19)-ology, 表示学论”biology, zoology, technolo
5、gy(工艺学)20)-nomy, 表示学术 astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)2. 形容词后缀(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive4)-like, manlike, childlike5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly6)-some, troublesome,
6、 handsome7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various9)-ent, violent10)-most, foremost, topmost11)less, 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless3. 动词后缀1)-ize, ise, 表示做成,变成,化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize2)-en, 表示使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken,
7、soften, harden3)-fy, 表示使化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify4)-ish, 表示使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish5)-ate, 表示“成为,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate4. 副词后缀(形容词)-ly:badbadly坏地/恶劣地,carefulcarefully小心地-wise(OE):clockclockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);likelikewise同样地-wards:outoutward
8、s向外面地,northnorthwards向北方地 l 单词词性判断可以在词义的理解及书写句子方面帮助学生。 名词有四数:可数与不可数,单数或复数;限定与动词不可忘。四数加限定!一怎样确定名词:一般情况下在下列结构中我们可确定所缺空应为名词1a/an/the +(adj.)+ 名词; a/the book; the rich the disabled the Smiths 2adj.+名词; a big stone; a long river; interesting books3adv.+ adj.+名词; a very honest boy4介词+名词; in the room; unde
9、r construction5形容词性物主代词+名词; my surprise; his honesty6. 数词+名词; five girls;7缺的词在句中为主语,表语,宾语时多为名词。 They have books.及时练习1:1There has been a 30% growth in the _(市场) for personal computers.3He has discovered a lot of _ (发现) in science .5I am sorry that I cant attend the _(讲座) on American history .6She sta
10、rted as a successful merchant but ended up as a _(乞丐).7There was a surprised _(表情)on her face .8Our city has experienced great _(变化)in the past few years 9Please give my _(祝贺)when you see her . 10.Jack took a deep _ (呼吸)and then dived into the water.11.Oliver was unable to give police a _(描述)of his
11、attack .12.The car was a _(廉价货)at the price.动词名词练习:achieve add argue arrive respond retire rude save sail sell 1. market 3 discoveries 5.lecture 6 beggar 7. expression 8 changes 9. congratulations 10. breath 11. description 12. bargain及时练习2:指出下列文中的名词:In the early 1990s, the word “Internet” was stran
12、ge to most people. But today, Internet has become a useful tool for people all over the world. Maybe Internet has been the greatest invention in the field of communication in the history of mankind(人类).Communicating with others on the Internet is much faster. We can chat with a person who is sitting
13、 in the other part of the world. We can e-mail our friends and they can read the e-mails within a minute.Giving all kinds of information is probably the biggest advantage of the Internet. We can use search engines to find the information we need. Just type in a keyword or keywords and the search eng
14、ine will give us a list of suitable websites to look at.We can enjoy a lot on the Internet by downloading games, visiting chat rooms or surfing (浏览)websites. There are some games for free. We can meet new and interesting people in the chat now. We can also listen to music and see films.二怎样确定名词的单数或复数
15、;可数或不可数 确定名词单数或复数的方法:1由名词前面的数词: 1. I have several _ (书) on the shelf. 2. This bus can carry 60 (乘客). 2由名词后的动词单数或复数(即主谓一致): The _ (建议) are reasonable and some of us will accept them. 3由句意: Our _ (教授) held a meeting about how to improve our English.What is the best-known chain of fast-food (餐馆)in the
16、world.及时练习3:判断下列名词正误:1. They often have fish, meat and vegetable for supper.2. Mrs. Smith gets well along with her neighbor.3. They had only three meal of soup every day.4. Dickens wrote Oliver Twist in the year 1837 - 1838.5. His new play was a great succeed. 6. The animals are useful to the desert
17、 people in many way. 7. As he explored the sea,he took picture and videos of many thing that people had never seen before. 8. They were given kinds of breakfast,and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. 9. School child walked with their shirts,coats and anything else they could find pulled up over
18、 their nose. 10. The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people get over disease. 11. Too many trees have been cut this years. 12. They use camels for carrying water,food,tents and another things. 确定名词可数或不可数的方法:注意三类名词:1、总是不可数的名词:1) 物质名词:furniture, equipment, 2) 抽象名词:advice, prog
19、ress, news, fun, truth, milk, ink, rice, 2. 根据名词本身的意义:1) 物质名词:water(水u, 水域c), rain (雨水u, 一场雨c) 2) 抽象名词:experience(经验u,经历c) , pleasure(愉快u,乐事c), success(成功u,成功的人c), failure(失败u,失败的人或事c), pity(遗憾u,遗憾的事c), surprise(惊讶u,惊讶的事c), 3. 个体名词总是可数名词:book, desk, 三限定词:限定词是位于名词或名词词组之前,对他们在特指、泛指或数量等方面起限定作用的一类词。She
20、showed a certain elegance. The judge divorced the couple. He has got some brains(智慧)!限定词与形容词的区别主要是:限定词只对名词起限定作用(有些限定词也可用作其他词性,如代词等),而形容词则描述名词的特征、状态等:We lived in small house. We lived in a small house. house 是个体名词,一般来说,个体名词是可数名词,有单数复数形式,单数形式的个体名词(可数名词)除在部分习语或固定搭配中外,一般不可单独使用,须根据具体情况与冠词、不定代词、指示代词或其它限定词
21、连用, 或使用其复数形式。练习:改正下列错误:1. She should be able to get job in Europe.2. Mr. Blake was considered excellent music teacher. 3. How did accident happen?4. I will give you other chance to prove yourself. 5. Do you have class this morning?6. Important product of South Africa are fruit and gold. 7. She is En
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