语法复习-句法、词法课件.ppt
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1、句法句法词法词法语法复习语法复习句子种类:句子种类:简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句其他其他返回返回简单句简单句陈述句陈述句:用来说明事实或说话用来说明事实或说话 人的看法人的看法疑问句疑问句:用来提出问题用来提出问题祈使句祈使句:用来表示请求、命令用来表示请求、命令感叹句感叹句:用来表达强烈的感情用来表达强烈的感情返回返回简单句的六种基本句型:简单句的六种基本句型:、主、主系动词系动词表。表。、主不及物动词。、主不及物动词。、主及物动词单宾语。主及物动词单宾语。、主、主及物动词及物动词双宾语。双宾语。、主、主及物动词及物动词复合宾语。复合宾语。、There is/are+There is
2、/are+某人某物某人某物某地某时某地某时 .返回返回系动词 1.Be:e.g.That car is very expensive.Jack is an engineer.2.带有动词带有动词be 含义的其他连系动词含义的其他连系动词:e.g.He stayed(continued to be)very quiet.The temperature has stayed hot this week.3.表示表示感觉状态感觉状态的连系动词:的连系动词:e.g The girl looks fine.The plan sounds perfect.4.表示表示状态转变状态转变的动词:的动词:e.g
3、.The boy grew/became taller.Its getting cold.返回返回“双宾语双宾语”及物动词及物动词:ask、bring、buy、call、do、get、give、lend、offer、send、teach、tell e.g.I gave the old man some money.e.g.I gave the old man some money.She sent me a parcel of clothes.She sent me a parcel of clothes.He told me the news about Paul.He told me th
4、e news about Paul.They bought me a lot of books.They bought me a lot of books.双宾语顺序:双宾语顺序:双宾语顺序:双宾语顺序:“人人人人”间直间直间直间直“物物物物”“”“物物物物”to/for “人人人人”e.g.I gave some money e.g.I gave some money to to the old man.the old man.They bought a lot of books They bought a lot of books forfor me.me.返回返回返回返回“复合宾语复合宾
5、语”及物动词:及物动词:believe、call、choose、consider、find、make、prove、see、think e.g.All of us believed him mistaken.e.g.All of us believed him mistaken.We consider him very capable.We consider him very capable.They made Smith their spokesman.(They made Smith their spokesman.(代言人代言人代言人代言人)I thought it a most inte
6、resting book.I thought it a most interesting book.试试试试比较:比较:比较:比较:I found a novel.I found a novel.I found him a novel.I found him a novel.I found the novel very interesting.I found the novel very interesting.疑问句疑问句 一般疑问句一般疑问句 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 选择疑问句选择疑问句 反意反意/附加疑问句附加疑问句返回返回一般疑问句一般疑问句 一般疑问句一般是指用一般疑问句一般是指用 Y
7、esYes 或或 NoNo 回答的疑问回答的疑问句。句。其其基本结构为:基本结构为:1.Be+主主+表表+?2.Do/Does/Did+主主+do+?3.Have/Has/Had+主主+done+?4.Can+主主+do+?返回返回注意否定问句:注意否定问句:注意否定问句:注意否定问句:Havent you got a dictionary?Havent you got a dictionary?YesYes,I have.,I have.(不不不不,我有。),我有。),我有。),我有。)NoNo,I havent.,I havent.(是的是的是的是的,我没有。),我没有。),我没有。),我
8、没有。)特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句是以疑问词开始的疑问句。用特殊疑问句是以疑问词开始的疑问句。用特殊疑问句是以疑问词开始的疑问句。用特殊疑问句是以疑问词开始的疑问句。用陈述句来回答。陈述句来回答。陈述句来回答。陈述句来回答。其其其其基本结构为:基本结构为:基本结构为:基本结构为:How/Wh-+一般疑问句一般疑问句一般疑问句一般疑问句?e.g.How do you go to school?e.g.How do you go to school?Where do you work?Where do you work?注意混合疑问句:注意混合疑问句:注意混合疑问句:注意混合疑问句:What
9、 do you think/suppose+主主主主 +谓谓谓谓 (+其他)其他)其他)其他)?返回返回选择疑问句选择疑问句 提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种,这种疑问句叫做选择疑问句。择一种,这种疑问句叫做选择疑问句。它的结它的结构是构是“一般疑问句一般疑问句+or+or+一般疑问句一般疑问句”,但常,但常把后一部分里面和前一部分相同的成分省略。把后一部分里面和前一部分相同的成分省略。e.g.Is her brother a doctor or a teacher?e.g.Is her brother a doctor or a teacher?
10、Would you like tea or coffee?Would you like tea or coffee?Shall we go to the cinema on Saturday or on Sunday?Shall we go to the cinema on Saturday or on Sunday?返回返回反意反意/附加疑问句附加疑问句 反意疑问句由两部分组成,前一部分是对事反意疑问句由两部分组成,前一部分是对事物的陈述,后一部分是简短的提问。如果前一部分物的陈述,后一部分是简短的提问。如果前一部分用肯定式,后一部分用否定形式;前一部分用否定用肯定式,后一部分用否定形式;前
11、一部分用否定形式,后一部分就用肯定形式。两部分的人称和时形式,后一部分就用肯定形式。两部分的人称和时态要一致。态要一致。附加疑问句要注意的问题:附加疑问句要注意的问题:附加疑问句要注意的问题:附加疑问句要注意的问题:1 1 1 1、陈述部分的、陈述部分的、陈述部分的、陈述部分的havehave作作作作“有有有有”讲时;讲时;讲时;讲时;You have a new bike,You have a new bike,You have a new bike,You have a new bike,dont/havent dont/havent dont/havent dont/havent you
12、?you?you?you?2 2 2 2、陈述部分含有、陈述部分含有、陈述部分含有、陈述部分含有 must must must must 的反意疑问句;的反意疑问句;的反意疑问句;的反意疑问句;转下页转下页 1).You must(1).You must(必须必须必须必须)go now,)go now,neednt neednt you?you?2).You mustnt(2).You mustnt(不允许不允许不允许不允许)smoke,)smoke,mustmust you?you?3).You must have heard about it,3).You must have heard
13、about it,haventhavent you?you?You must have gone to the cinema last night,You must have gone to the cinema last night,didntdidnt you?you?You must be tired,You must be tired,arentarent you?you?3 3 3 3、used to used to used to used to 的反意疑问句;的反意疑问句;的反意疑问句;的反意疑问句;The old man used to sleep ten hours a da
14、y,The old man used to sleep ten hours a day,usedntusednt /didnt/didnt he?he?4 4 4 4、ought to ought to 的反意疑问句;的反意疑问句;的反意疑问句;的反意疑问句;He ought to come,He ought to come,oughtnt shouldntoughtnt shouldnt he?he?转下页转下页 5.He seldom goes to the cinema,does he?6.She dislikes the idea,doesnt she?7.One cant be ca
15、reful enough,can one/he?8.These are not your books,are they?9.Everything goes well,doesnt it?10.Everybody agrees with him,doesnt he/dont they?11.She said she would be back soon,didnt she?I dont believe(that)he will come,will he?12.Learning English well takes a long time,isnt it?13.Give me a hand,won
16、t/will you?Lets go for a walk,shall we?Let us go now,will you?14.There wont be any trouble,will there?返回返回祈使句祈使句 1 1、肯定祈使句;、肯定祈使句;2 2、否定祈使句;、否定祈使句;3 3、以、以 let 开头的祈使句;开头的祈使句;4 4、带主语的祈使句、带主语的祈使句返回返回 Be careful!Stop talking!Dont/Never open the window.Lets go now.Let me have a try.1)Tom,you feed the bir
17、d!1)Tom,you feed the bird!2)You,boys,sweep the floor,and you,girls,clean the windows.2)You,boys,sweep the floor,and you,girls,clean the windows.3)You mind your own business!Dont you be late!(3)You mind your own business!Dont you be late!(不高兴,厌烦不高兴,厌烦不高兴,厌烦不高兴,厌烦)4)Be quiet,everyone.Somebody answer t
18、he phone!4)Be quiet,everyone.Somebody answer the phone!(,(,will youwill you?)?)感叹句感叹句 基本构成方式:基本构成方式:返回返回 1.What+(a/an)+adj.+n.+S+V !1.What+(a/an)+adj.+n.+S+V !2.How+adj.+a/an+n.(2.How+adj.+a/an+n.(单单单单)+S+V!)+S+V!3.How+adj./adv.+S+V!3.How+adj./adv.+S+V!省略形式的感叹句:省略形式的感叹句:省略形式的感叹句:省略形式的感叹句:What good a
19、dvice he gave us!What a nice day it is!What good advice he gave us!What a nice day it is!How clever a girl she is!How nice a day it is!How clever a girl she is!How nice a day it is!How hard they worked!How hard they worked!1).How they worked!1).How they worked!2).What a lovely day!How wonderful!2).W
20、hat a lovely day!How wonderful!并列句并列句 两两个或两个个或两个以上的单句,可以用并列连词连接,从以上的单句,可以用并列连词连接,从而形成并列句。常用的并列连词,根据所连接的上下文而形成并列句。常用的并列连词,根据所连接的上下文的逻辑关系,可以分为以下几类:的逻辑关系,可以分为以下几类:1 1、表示增补关系的并列连词:、表示增补关系的并列连词:2 2、表示选择关系的并列连词:、表示选择关系的并列连词:3 3、表示转折关系的并列连词:、表示转折关系的并列连词:4 4、表示因果关系的并列连词:、表示因果关系的并列连词:返回返回 and,bothand,neither
21、nor,notnor,not and,bothand,neithernor,notnor,not onlybut also,as well as,etc.onlybut also,as well as,etc.or,or else,otherwise,either or,whetheror or,or else,otherwise,either or,whetheror but,while but,while for,sofor,so e.g.They were surprised that a child should work out e.g.They were surprised tha
22、t a child should work out the problem while they themselves couldnt.the problem while they themselves couldnt.We must hurry,otherwise well be late.We must hurry,otherwise well be late.复合句复合句名词性从句名词性从句定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句返回返回名词性从句名词性从句主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句返回返回引导词引导词主语从句主语从句主语从句能用主语从句能用 it 作形
23、式上的主语。常用作形式上的主语。常用 it 作形式主语作形式主语的句型有:的句型有:1).It be+1).It be+形形 (certain,likely,etc.)+that(certain,likely,etc.)+that从句。从句。2).It be+2).It be+名词词组名词词组(no wonder,etc.)+that(no wonder,etc.)+that从句。从句。3).It be+3).It be+过去分词过去分词 (said,thought,etc.)+that(said,thought,etc.)+that从从句。句。4).It seem/happen,etc.+t
24、hat 4).It seem/happen,etc.+that 从句。从句。5).It doesnt matter/makes no difference+5).It doesnt matter/makes no difference+whwh-从句。从句。6).6).当当 that that 引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时,引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时,要用要用 it it 作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。返回返回 e.g.It is certain that she will do well in her exam.e.g.It is certain that
25、 she will do well in her exam.e.g.Its no surprise that our team should have won the game.e.g.Its no surprise that our team should have won the game.e.g.It is said that e.g.It is said that MrMr.Green has arrived in Beijing.Green has arrived in Beijing.e.g.It happened that I was out that day.e.g.It ha
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