半导体物理学半导体 (1).pdf
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1、What are semiconductor materials?01Applications of semiconductor in daily life02Simple history of semiconductors03Moores law and the post-moore era04ZTE event,Huawei kirin chip05IntroductionWhat are semiconductor materials?Substances and materials in nature can be divided into conductors,semiconduct
2、ors and insulators according to their conductivity(or resistivity).Conductors:CopperSemiconductors:SiliconInsulators:CeramicsConductivitySm107 10810-6 10510-6ChipTriodeCircuit element based on semiconductor materialsLight emitting diodeDiodeOther circuit elementsWhat are semiconductor materials?The
3、external environment has a significant influence on the conductivity of the semiconductor,thus,we have various devices.temperature,light,gas,pressure,magnetic fieldThermocouplePhotoresistanceGas sensorPressure SensorHall sensorWhat are semiconductor materials?Applications of semiconductor in daily l
4、ifeDaily life:clothing,food,housing,transportation;Study,work and play;otherClothing(衣):refrigerationheatingApplications of semiconductor in daily lifeEating(食)Applications of semiconductor in daily lifeLiving(住)Applications of semiconductor in daily lifeTravelling(行)Applications of semiconductor in
5、 daily lifeTesla Model S ElectromobileConfigurations:lithium ion battery of 85 kwh;0-100 acceleration capability:5.6 s;100km energy consumption:18 kwh;Motor power:306 kw(414 horsepower);Performance:Maximum mileage:500 km,maximum speed:210 km/h;Ordinary charging time:480 mins;Quick charging time:60 m
6、ins;Applications of semiconductor in daily lifeSimple history of semiconductorsStage 1:Observation of phenomena(1833-1935)Michael Faraday(法拉第)(1791-1867)discovered the first semiconductor material,silver sulfide,in 1833,because its resistance decreased with the rise of temperature.In 1874,Braun(布劳恩)
7、discovered the asymmetry of current conduction in the contact of metals(such as copper and iron)and semiconductors(such as lead sulfide),which was used for early radio detectors;In 1906 Pickard(皮卡德)made a silicon point contact detector;Diode rectification was discovered by Pierce(皮尔斯)in 1907 when he
8、 sputtered metal on a semiconductor;In 1935,selenium rectifier and point contact diode were widely used;Simple history of semiconductorsStage 2:Theoretical developmentIn 1931,A.H.Wilson(威尔逊)developed the energy band theory by solving the Schrodinger equation;In 1939,Walter Schottky(肖特基)(1886 1976)pu
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