unit3 Grammar.ppt
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1、GrammarGrammarSubject-Verb AgreementSubject-Verb Agreement 主谓一致的定义主谓一致的定义1.主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则,也是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则,也是英语和汉语区别很大的地方。和汉语区别很大的地方。2.作主语名词单复数与谓语动词单复数作主语名词单复数与谓语动词单复数不同。不同。主谓一致3.主语复数(名词主语复数(名词+s/es;第三人称代词;第三人称代词复数;一人称单复数)复数;一人称单复数)-谓语复
2、数谓语复数(动词原形不加(动词原形不加s/es)4.主语单数(名词单数;第三人称代词)主语单数(名词单数;第三人称代词)谓语单数(动词原形谓语单数(动词原形+s/es)。)。就近一致原则就近一致原则谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。的词语。1.由由or,nor,either.or,neither.nor,not only.but also连接的并列结构作主语,随连接的并列结构作主语,随后的动词形式通常按照后的动词形式通常按照“就近原则就近原则”处理。处理。You or she is good at English.2.以以here,there开头的
3、句子,谓语动词的开头的句子,谓语动词的单复数形式看后面的主语而定,如果主语单复数形式看后面的主语而定,如果主语不止一个,谓语动词于最近的主语保持一不止一个,谓语动词于最近的主语保持一致。致。Here is some bread.There is a pen and three pencils on the desk.就远一致原则 主语后紧跟主语后紧跟as well as,with,along with,like,together with,rather than,except,but,including,besides,in addition to 等等时谓语动词要与句子的主语保持一致。时谓语
4、动词要与句子的主语保持一致。Read the following sentences,paying special attention to the coloured parts.1.Joes new trousers are black and white.2.The family go shopping at weekends together.3.To eat well is all he asks.4.Physics is an important subject in the middle school.5.Playing tennis is very good exercise.6
5、.There are many people on the street at weekends.7.What caused this accident is a mystery.8.The merchandise has arrived undamaged.9.The glasses are not enough for him to see that object in the distance.10.The family goes to the church every Sunday.SubjectVerbExamplesnoun ending in-s or-esplural form
6、trousers,glasses,shoes,goods,clothesnoun ending in-ics or-s_ formphysics,politics,mathematics,the United StatessingularSubjectVerbExamplesthe infinite the-ing form the clause_formtrousers,glasses,shoes,goods,clothesthe collective noun plural in meaning_ formpolice,peoplesingularpluralSubjectVerbExam
7、plesthe uncountable collective noun_formmankind,humanity,furniture,merchandisethe countable/uncountable collective nounplural/singular form(agree with the notion it expresses)family,class,crowd,audience,committee,government,publicsingular1.一些以一些以-ics结尾的学科名词如结尾的学科名词如 politics,mathematics,physics,mech
8、anics,economics等等,形式上是复数,实际上却为不可数名词,形式上是复数,实际上却为不可数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词常用单数形式。它们作主语时,其谓语动词常用单数形式。e.g.I dont think politics is easy to study.我认为政治难学。我认为政治难学。2.若主语是书名、影片名、格言、剧名、报名、若主语是书名、影片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等,作为一个单一的概念,其谓语动词国名等,作为一个单一的概念,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。通常用单数形式。e.g.The United States is smaller than China.美国比中国小。美国
9、比中国小。War and Peace is the longest book Ive read.战争与和平战争与和平是我读过的最长的书。是我读过的最长的书。3.表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子 作主语时,谓语动词用单数。作主语时,谓语动词用单数。e.g.When and where to go for the holiday has not been decided yet.注意注意:主语为主语为what 引导的主语从句时引导的主语从句时,谓语谓语动词应与从句所指代的内容的单复念一致。动词应与从句所指代的内容的单复念一致。e.g.What he says(他
10、所说的他所说的)is not important.What I want(我所需要的我所需要的)are details.4.trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,scissors(剪刀剪刀)等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有名词前有a(the)pair of 等量词修饰时等量词修饰时(clothes被被a suit of修饰修饰),谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。e.g.The pair of shoes under the bed is his.床下面的那双鞋子是他的。床下面的那双鞋子是他的。The two pairs o
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