韩礼德与系统功能语法ppt课件.ppt
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1、严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Halliday and Systemic-Functional GrammarGao Lei严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Michael Alexander Kirkwood Halliday has developed ideas stemming from Firths theories in the London School.He is probably the most important
2、representative of the Systemic-Functional School.Systemic-Functional Grammar has two components:Systemic Grammar and Functional Grammar.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Systemic GrammarSystemic grammar aims to explain the internal relations in language as a SYSTEM NETWORK,or M
3、EANING POTENTIAL.And this network consists of subsystems from which language users make choices.The notion of system is made a central explanatory principle,the whole of language being conceived as a“system of systems”.Halliday defines system as a system of potentials,a range of alternatives.严格执行突发事
4、件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Systemic GrammarpersonFirst personSecond personThird personnumbersingularpluraltensepastpresentfuture当从有关系统中一一进行选择之后(如人当从有关系统中一一进行选择之后(如人称、数、及物性、语气、时态等),则可称、数、及物性、语气、时态等),则可生成句子结构。生成句子结构。严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Systemic
5、 GrammarThe axis of chainSurface aspects of grammar,such as sentence structures,linguistic units,and their ranks(sentence,clause,g r o u p,w o r d,a n d morpheme)The axis of choiceMeaning aspects of grammarchoice(paradigmatic)Chain(syntagmatic)On a general level,there is the Chain System and the Cho
6、ice System严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。The relation between systemic grammar and functional grammarThe system network in Systemic Grammar chiefly describes three components of function,or three metafunctions (ideational,interpersonal,and textual).Each of them is a complex
7、system consisting of other systems,and choices are simultaneously made from the three metafunctions.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Functional GrammarHalliday defines a functional grammar as“essentially a natural grammar,in the sense that everything in it can be explained”.Ha
8、lliday interprets language development from a functional point of view and formulates a functional theory of language.the ideationalthe interpersonalthe textual functionThree metafunctions严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Functional GrammarThe ideational function is to convey n
9、ew information,to communicate a content that is unknown to the hearer.The ideational function mainly consists of“transitivity”and“voice”.The interpersonal function embodies all uses of language to express social and personal relations.The textual function refers to the fact that language has mechani
10、sms to make any stretch of spoken or written discourse into a coherent and unified text and make a living passage different from a random list of sentences.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。TransitivityTransitivity is a grammatical system.I t“specifies the different types of pr
11、ocess that are recognized in the language,and the structures by which they are expressed”.The basic semantic framework for the representation of process consists of three components(1)the process itself,(2)participants in the process,and(3)circumstances associated with the process.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报
12、批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。ProcessIn English,we make choices between different types of process,participants,circumstances,roles,and members.They are known collectively as the transitivity choices.We first divided the choices into six kinds:TransitivityMaterial process(John kicked the bal
13、l)Mental process(John likes Mary)Relational Process(John is on the sofa)Behavioural process(John laughed)Verbal process(John said it is cold in the room)Existential process(There is a cat on the sofa)严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Process1.Material processes:Processes of doi
14、ngMaterial processes are processes of doing.Such a process is expressed by an action verb(e.g.beat、break、kick),an actor(logical subject)and the goal of the action(logical direct object,usually a noun or a pronoun).Actor and Goal correspond to Agent and Patient.For example:My brother broke the window
15、.(Actor-Process-Goal)The girl smiles.(Actor-Process)严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Process2.Mental Processes:Processes of sensingA mental process consists of two participants:Senser and Phenomenon.The senser is the conscious being that is feeling,thinking,or seeing.The pheno
16、menon is that which is“sensed”felt,thought,seen.The category of mental process consists of three principal subtypes(1)perception(seeing,hearing,etc),(2)affection(liking,fearing,etc),and(3)cognition(thinking,knowing,etc)e.g.Mary liked the gift.(Senser-Process-Phenomenon)The gift pleased Mary.(Phenome
17、non-Process-Senser)严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Process3.Relational Processes:Processes of BeingRelational processes can be classified into two types:the Attributive and the Identifying.The former expresses what attributes a certain object has,or what type it belongs to.Th
18、e latter expresses the identical properties of two entities.These two relations can be further classified into the Intensive(is a),Circumstantial(is at a),and Possessive(has a).严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Process3.Relational Processes:Processes of BeingAttributive mode(Ca
19、rrier-Process-Attribute):(1)Mary is wise.(intensive)(2)The meeting is on a Tuesday.(circumstantial)(3)Peter has a piano.(possessive)Identifying mode(Identified-Process-Identifier):(4)Tom is the leader.(intensive)(5)Tomorrow is the tenth.(circumstantial)(6)The piano is Peters.(possessive)严格执行突发事件上报制度
20、、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Process3.Relational Processes:Processes of Being Mode typeattributiveidentifying(1)Intensive(2)Circumstantial(3)posessiveSara is wise.The fair is on a Tuesday.Peter has a piano.Tom is the leader;the leader is Tom.Tomorrow is the 10th;the 10th is tomorrow.T
21、he piano is Peters;Peters is the piano.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Process3.Relational Processes:Processes of Beingparticipantreversibleattributiveonly one(carrier)YesidentifyingtwoNoTom is the leader.The leader is Tom.Mary is wise.*Wise is Mary.严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章
22、制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。Process3.Relational Processes:Processes of BeingHalliday points out that in any identifying clause,there is a Token and a Value.These are always related with the identifier and the identified.For example:e.g.John is our monitor.Identified Process IdentifiedToken Value严格
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