八年级英语上册知识点.doc
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1、第 1 页 共 58 页8 上上 Unit 1Friends一、复习单词表A 拼读易错单词thirsty,honest,polite,true,sense,straight,height,weight,competition,patient,excellentB 重点单词用法1.maybe adv.(副词),意思是“也许、可能”,在句中作状语,相当于 perhaps,常位于句首 在 may be 中,may 是情态动词,be 是动词原形,两者构成完整的谓语形式,与主语形成系表结构,意为“也许是、可能是”。maybe 和 may be 可相互转换He may be in the office.=
2、Maybe he is in the office.他或许在办公室。You may be right.=Maybe you are right.你或许是对的。2.honestadj.诚实的反义词:dishonestan honest boy 一个诚实的男孩 a dishonest boy 一个不诚实的男孩3.joy快乐,喜悦=happiness(n.)share my joy 分享我的快乐4.lie-lying v.躺(lie-laylain);说谎(lie-lied-lied);n.谎话tell lies 说谎 tell stories 讲故事 tell jokes 讲笑话5.interes
3、ted adj.感到有趣的,一般修饰人 interesting adj.令人感到有趣的,一般修饰物interesting 属外向性质的词,用于指人、事、物的外在影响方面,意为“使(外)人 感兴趣的”;interested 属内向性质的词,用于指人的内心感受方面,意为“(内心)对-感兴趣的”试比较:a)This book is interesting to me.这本书在我看来很有趣。(外在影响)b)Im interested in this book.我对这本书很感兴趣。(内心感受)课本例句:1)I think good friends should be interesting too.(p
4、age7)(外在影响)2)Max is so interesting.(page8)(外在影响)6.has 动词,“长着,”在句中作谓语动词;with 介词,“长着,戴着”,在句中作定语wear 动词,“穿着,戴着”,在句中作谓语动词;wear 梳着某种发型;留着(某种胡须);带着(某种表情)wear a smile 面带微笑in 介词,“穿着”,在句中作定语1)My sister has short hair.动词,长着,做谓语动词2)The girl with short hair is my sister.介词,长着,做定语,修饰 the girl,不可用 has,因为句中已经有谓语动词
5、 is3)My sister wears small round glasses.4)The girl with small round glasses is my sister.课本例句:Shes a small girl with a ponytail.(page14)(作定语)7.bored adj.(人)感到无聊的 boring adj.(人、物)令人感到无聊的feel bored 感到无聊的 get bored with sth./doing sth.8.true adj.正确的,真实的 truly adv.(副词)truth n.真相,真理,事实tell you the truth
6、 告诉你实话9.carefully adv.adj.careless 粗心的careful adj.认真的,仔细 的 carelessly adv.listen to sb.carefully 认真地听某人讲话10.smile v.&n.微笑 adj.smiling 微笑的smiling eyes 微笑着的眼睛wear/have a smile on ones face 面带微笑第 2 页 共 58 页11.patient n.病人 adj.有耐心的 impatient 没有耐心的,急躁的 an impatient teacher12.luck n.运气 unlucky adj.不幸的 Goo
7、d luck to you.祝你好运。lucky adj.幸运的luckily adv.二、重点词组、句型用法1.Have something to drink 喝些什么“to drink”动词不定式修饰不定代词需后置something,anything,nothing,everything 做主语时,动词用单数形式 Something has gonewrong with the computer.这台电脑出故障了。Something 常用于肯定句或表示请求、邀请或期盼得到肯定答复的疑问句中 Is there something wrong with the computer?这车子出毛病了
8、吧?Nothing=not anything2.What about+n/doing=how about-怎么样?-好不好?3.Can I have some more food?我可以再吃点食物吗?更多的,额外的数词(或 any,some,no,a little,a few,many,much,a lot)+more+名词=another+数字+名词“再,又,还”,表示数量在原有基础上的增加4.keep a diary=keep diaries 记日记5.keep a secret=keep secrets 保守秘密6.else 形容词修饰不定代词 something、anything 等,
9、疑问代词 which,who,what 和疑问副词 where,when.else 需后置Who else will come to the party?Do you have something else to say?7.make sb./sth.+adj.使某人/某物变得怎样?Make our teachers angry?make sb./sth.+n.使某人/某物成为-make him our monitor 选他当班长make sb.+不带 to 动词不定式“让或迫使某人做某事”(在被动语态中 to 要加上来 bemade to do)8.have problems(复数)(in)
10、doing sth.=have trouble(不可数)(in)doing sth.=havedifficulty(不可数)(in)doing sth.做某事有困难9.believe ones words=believe what sb.says 相信某人的话10.asas“和-一样”中间用 a./adv.的原级,表示两者的比较程度一样 not as.as不及、不如-那样-11.one of+形容词最高级+名字复数 e.g.One of my best friends one of the tallest boys.12.help sb.(to)do sth.,帮助某人做某事 help sb.
11、with sth.help them with their problems 帮助他们解决他们的问题13.sharewith/between/among sb.与-分享、分担-14.ready 准备好了的;乐意的 be ready to do sth.=be willing to do sth.愿意、乐意 做某事。be ready for-为-做准备15.give ones seat on the bus to someone in need 在公交车上给需要的某人让座in need 有需求的,处于需要状态中的。做后置定语 in great need 急需,很需要Afriend in need
12、 is a friend in deed.患难之交才是真朋友。sb.is in need of sth.某人需要某物16.Afriend named/called Max 过去分词作后置定语,一个叫做 Max 的朋友17.too many+名词复数;too much+不可数名词;much too+adj.much too hot 太热了18.have a good voice 嗓音甜美 voice 嗓音 sound 声音 noise 噪音19.want to be 想成为 grow up 长大20.have a(good)sense of humour=be(very)humorous(很)有
13、幽默感 a sense of.感21.walk past 走着经过 a boring football match 一场令人感到无聊的足球赛第 3 页 共 58 页past 介词 动词+past=pass 动词22.knock.onto the floor 把.撞到地板上23.say a bad word about sb.说某人的坏话“众说纷纭”say+说话内容 e.g.say a bad word about sb.;say to oneself 自言自语;speak+语言;打电话;作演讲 talk with/to sb.;talk about sth.tell sb sth.;tell
14、sb.(not)to do sth.;tell stories/jokes/lies 讲故事/讲笑话/说谎24.sb.worry about sth./sb.=sb.be worried about sth./sb.某 人 担 心 某 事/某 人sth.worry(worries 三单/worried 过去式)sb.某事让某人担忧e.g.Something worries me.(something 不定代词做主语,谓语动词用三单)25.look smart in his small round glasses 戴着圆圆的小眼镜让他看起来很神气sb.look+adj.+in sth.=sth.
15、look+adj.+on sb.26.be famous to 为.很出名 be famous as 作为.出名 be famous for 因.很出名27.make friends with sb.和某人交朋友28.travel around the world 环游世界29.be kind to sb.对某人很好 be friendly to sb.对某人友好的30.an artist 一名艺术家31.learn more about 了解更多关于.(learn 过去式:learned/learnt)32.take part in+比赛/活动=join in+比赛/活动“参加.”join+
16、组织/sb.“加入”join sb.in doing sth.加入某人做某事33.be both/be all(both/all 放 be 动词后)34.make an excellent teacher 成为一名优秀的教师35.Keep ones word 信守诺言36.in the future 在(较远的)将来 in the future 从今以后,在不远的将来37.Whats he like?用来问某人的品质或外貌长相 他是怎样一个人?38.Whats sb.?=whats sb.s job?某人做什么工作?What does sb.look like?某人长什么样?39.Have s
17、ome problems with 在某方面有些困难 Have some problems(in)doing sth.在做某事方面有困难40.hope to do sth.希望做某事 wish sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事三、Grammar 形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则(1)规则变化:一般形容词+er+est(shorter,smaller,smallest)以 e 结尾的形容词+r+st(nicer,larger,largest)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的形容词 变 y 为 i 再+er,est(busier,busiest;heavier,heaviest)以重读闭音节结尾的形
18、容词 双写辅音字母+er,est 熟记:大(big)热(hot)天,一个穿红(red)衣浑身湿(wet)透的伤感(sad)胖(fat)子想要变得又瘦(thin)又苗条(slim)(2)不规则变化1.good(well)-better-best2.many(much)-more-most3.ill(bad,badly)-worse-worst4.far-farther(further)-farthest(furthest)5.little-less-least6.few-fewer-fewest(3)多音节的形容词比较级和最高级在词前加 more,mostdelicious-more delic
19、ious-the most deliciouspopular-more popular-the most popular第 4 页 共 58 页注意:1 形容词的最高级前必须有 the,而副词的最高级前 the 可省略2.比较级前常用 a bit,a little,much,a lot,even,far 等词表示程度.3.形容词比较级用来比较两者(人或事)句中常有 than;形容词最高级用来比 较三者或三者以上(人或事),句中常有 in 或 of 短语表示比较范围.4.as+adj.+as(和-一样-)/not as/so+adj.+as(不如-,不及-)补充习题I.词汇1.Her age i
20、s a _(秘密)to us.We cant guess how old she is.2.My sister always _(面带)a smile on her face.3.I dont know how to _(解决)this problem.Can you help me?4.I felt very _(紧张)when I went to the important meeting.5.There are more _(社会的)workers in this city than in that city.用所给词的适当形式填空6.Are you _(will)to help us
21、with our English?7.Please tell her_(not wake)me up this evening.8.Our teacher made us _(stand)in a line.9.Marx has a good sense of _(humorous).He often makes us laugh.10.Mary is sweet and she always has _(smile)eyes.单项选择()11.There _a talk on how to look after goldfish this evening.A.will haveB.is go
22、ing to haveC.is going to beD.was going to be()12.There must be something with her eyes.She cant see _.A.anythingB.nothingC.somethingD.everything()13.The weather in Heilongjiang is much colder than _ in Hainan.A.thisB.thatC.theseD.weather()14.Which do you like_,fish _ chicken?A.best;andB.better;andC.
23、better;orD.best;or()15.Millie is kind _ her friends.Shed like _ things with them.A.with;to shareB.with;sharingC.to;to shareD.with;sharing()16.I am_tired.Lets stop to have a rest.A.a littleB.a fewC.littleD.few()17.It doesnt matter this time.But_ late next time.A.isntB.not beC.arentD.dont be()18.What
24、about _ the restaurant for lunch?OK.Lets go.A.to goB.going toC.to goingD.to going to()19.Dont drink _ soft drink,or you will be _ fat.A.too much;much tooB.much too;much tooC.too much;too muchD.much too;too much()20.Mr.Smith made Kitty _ clean the classroom alone.This made her _.A.to clean;sadB.clean
25、;sadlyC.clean;unhappyD.cleaned;unhappy四、语篇练习A、缺词填空(阅读 reading 部分,再完成习题)I have t_ friends.They are Betty,Max and May.Betty is helpful.She is r_ to help第 5 页 共 58 页people in n_.She has a good v_ and wants to be a s_.Max is the t_boy in our class.He is smart and interesting.I never feel b_ with him.May
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