阅读主旨题专项练习-上海市 高三英语二轮复习.docx
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1、阅读主旨题 【课堂精讲】I. Types of Paragraph Structures:typeThe position of the topicat the beginningat the endin the middleno clear topic sentenceII. Exercise. AAutomation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and
2、 physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the Second Industrial Revolution.Labours concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employment, an
3、d fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labour has taken the view that resistance to technical change is unfruitful. Eventually, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repair
4、ing automation equipment. The interest of labour lies in bringing about the transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by wo
5、rkers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards. To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefit plans. It is emphasized that since the
6、 employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that perman
7、ently dismissed workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the improvement factor, which calls for wage increases based on increases in productivity. It is possible, however, that labour will rely mainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a
8、 full share in the fruits of automation.1. Which of the following can best sum up the passage? A. Advantages and disadvantages of automation. B. Labour and the effects of automation. C. Unemployment benefit plans and automation. D. Social benefits of automation. 【Keys】: B【解析】:通过阅读文章每段的中心句(首句),我们观察到“
9、automation”和“labour”这两个词在文中反复出现,再根据每段中心句所突出的主题,可以推断得知答案选B。BIt is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of the misunderstandings between them. They have always complained, more or less justly, that their parents are out of touch with modern ways;
10、 that they are possessive and dominant that they do not trust their children to deal with crises; that they talk too much about certain problems and that they have no sense of humor, at least in parent-child relationships. I think it is true that parents often underestimate their teenage children an
11、d also forget how they themselves felt when young. Young people often irritate their parents with their choices in clothes and hairstyles, in entertainers and music. This is not their motive. They feel cut off from the adult world into which they have not yet been accepted. So they create a culture
12、and society of their own. Then, if it turns out that their music or entertainers or vocabulary or clothes or hairstyles irritate their parents, this gives them additional enjoyment. They feel they are superior, at least in a small way, and that they are leaders in style and taste.2. The first paragr
13、aph is mainly about _. A. the teenagers criticism of their parents B. misunderstandings between teenagers and their parents C. the dominance of the parents over their children D. the teenagers ability to deal with crises【Keys】: A【解析】:全文只一段,且通过文章结构分析得知该段为总-分结构,主题句为首句,故答案选A。本题误选B的同学较多。CGreenspace faci
14、lities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. At present, it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement
15、than on the base of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of greenspaces in the urban environment is a first step on the right way, this does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of greenspace in towns and about the way in which th
16、e inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather complex subject I shall, within the scope of this lecture, enter into one aspect only, namely the recreative function of greenspace facilities.The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been u
17、sed in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighbourhood of the home. We have come to the conclusion that thi
18、s is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street-door of the house. The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activitie
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