新教材2021-2022北师大版英语选择性必修第一册学案Unit3CONSERVTIONSectionⅢGrammar——定语从句Word版含答案.docx
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1、Section III / Grammar定语从句语法知识铺婺语法图解定语从句探究发现Do you remember the girl who (aught us English?This is the place where he used to live.Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine.A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much.A young man had a new girl friend,
2、 whom he wanted to impress.我的发现1 .限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约的作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明 确,因而丕能被省略,否则句意就丕完整。2 .非限制性定语从句在句中主要起补充说明的作用,非限制性定语从句与主句之间往 往有逗号隔开,独立存在,省略也不会影响整个句子的意思。新知点|点突破一、限制性定语从句限制性定语从句,是对先行词从本质或特征上进行限制的一种定语从句,它所修饰的词 代表一个(些)或一类特定的人或事、物。限制性定语从句与被修饰词之间的关系密切,对其 起限定作用,因此不可缺少,否则会影响全句的意义。限制性定语从句前不用逗号。引导限 制性定语从
3、句的关系代词有:who, whom, that, which, whose;关系副词有:where, when, why。The gift (that/which) I gave to her is a pet dog.我给她的那份礼物是一只宠物狗。(the gift在后面从句中相当于gave的宾语成分,所以关系代词that / which可以省略。)A man who is lazy can t learn much.一个懒的人学不了多少东西。(a man在后面从句中相当于主语成分,所以who不能省略。)They are the people whose houses were destro
4、yed in the earthquake.他们是他们的房子在地震中被摧毁的那些人。This is the place where/in which my father works.这是我爸爸工作的地方。She still remembered the days when/during which she was studying in China.她仍然记得在中国学习的那一段日子。Could you give me the reason why/for which you was late for school?你能给我解释一下你为什么迟到吗?即时演练用关系代词或关系副词填空Septembe
5、r is the day when students go back to school after a summer vocation.I don t like the way that you treat animals.The reason why he won the first place in the competition is that not only did he follow (he teacher s advice, but also he trained hard.二、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句与被修饰词之间的关系松散,不能对其起限定作用,而是提供有用的 补充。
6、在口语中用停顿表示,在书面表达中用逗号与句子的其他部分分开,因此句中的关系 代词不能省略。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有:who, whom, which, whose, as; 关系副词有:where, when。I gave her a gift, which is a pet dog.我给了她一份礼物,是一只宠物狗。(先行词为物,引导非限制性定语从句时,用which而不用ihat。)He didn t win the championship, which I hadn t expected.他没获得冠军,这一点是我没预料到的。(which引导非限制性定语从句可以指代前面的先行词,也可
7、以指代前面整个句子的含 义。)He is a lazy man, who can t leam much.他很懒,学不了什么东西。He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved and respected as his own mother.他急于想去医院看望他的继母,他把他的继母当作亲生母亲一样热爱和尊敬。After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of co
8、llege life.毕业后,我决定留在重庆,在那里我曾度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。He will come here tomorrow, when he will be free.他明天有空的时候会来这里。即时演练2用关系代词或关系副词填空We finally got to the village, where we saw rows of newly-built houses.His movie won several awards at the film festivals, which was beyond his wildest drcam.was a great joy to w
9、ork with all these people, every one of whom is such a nice person.His English, which used to be very poor is now excellent.三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别1 .在句中作用不同(1)限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明 确。限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。Do you remember the boy who played football yesterday?你还记得昨天打篮球的那个男孩吗?(2)非限制性定语从句与
10、先行词关系不十分密切,只是对其作一些附加说明,不起限定 制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去,主句的意义仍然完整。Mr. Wang, who gave a speech yesterday, is an expert in the hospital.王先生是这家医院的一位专家,昨天做了一个演讲。2 .外在表现形式不同限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切,所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开;而非限制 性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,所以可以用逗号将其与主句隔开。This is the place where he used to live.这是他曾经居住的地方。They went back to Lo
11、ndon, which was their hometown.他们回到了伦敦,那里是他们的家乡。3 .先行词内容有所不同大多数限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语,而特殊 情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句常由which引 导。A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present. 一个五岁的孩子会说两门外语,这让在场的人都很吃惊。4 .关系词的使用情况有所不同(1) that不可用于引导非限制性定语从句误:
12、He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, that pleased her a lot.正: He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, which pleased her a lot.名师点津值得注意的是,不少同学误认为只有which才能引导非限制性定语从句, 这个观点是不正确的。使用非限制性定语从句时,如果先行词指人,则用who, which或 whose引导;先行词指物可用which引导;先行词表时间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或 地点状语时,可用when, where
13、引导。Wc 11 graduate in July, when wc will be free.我们将于七月份毕业,到那时我们就自由了。Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, where a conference was to be held.他们上周日到达了南京,有个会议要在那里举行。(2)关系代词替代情况不同关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替,但whom在非限制性定 语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。This is the girl (whom/who) I met in the street.这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。This is
14、Jack, whom you haven t met before.这是杰克,你以前没见过。名师点津在限制性定语从句中,先行词指人时可用that代替who/whom,但在非 限制性定语从句中先行词指人时,不可用that代替who/whom.误:She has a sister, that is a teacher.正:She has a sister, who is teacher.(3)关系代词省略情况不同关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去,非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均 不可省略。This is the book (which/that) he lost yesterday.这就是
15、他昨天丢的那本书。The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found.他昨天丢了这本书,但现在已找到了。即时演练3用关系代词或关系副词填空Have you ever been to Xi an, which I left ten years ago.The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.I II find a nice girl, whom I want to marry.I11 come at ten, when I * 11 be
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